兰州大学考博英语题型分析
考博英语阅读十大解题思路
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考博英语阅读十大解题思路一、细节题1、题干上有五个W一个H提问。
2、题干中明确会提到的时间、地点、人物或者事物等细节信息。
3、有可能针对文章中的一句话或者几句话发问。
4、题干和选项有可能考察一种因果关系。
5、解题关键:返回原文,准确定位。
做题依据一定要紧扣文章本身返回原文:1、可以根据题干所列的地点、时间、人物、事物返回原文。
2、根据出题的顺序返回原文。
3、根据题干中或四个选项中的重点词或同义词返回原文。
4、通过长难句返回原文。
二、句子理解题1、标志:题干中明确指出是原文中的某句话,重要的不是上下文,而是句子本身。
2、步骤:1)重点是返回原文,对该句子进行语法、句法、词法的精准解析。
正确(不能推)理解句子的深刻含义。
2)若该句话的含义不能确定,则适当依据上下文进行判断。
局部含义有整体含义决定。
3)一般来说,选项中的正确答案与原句是同义关系,只不过用其他短语表达。
3、错误选项特征:推的过远,做题时注意把握理解度。
4、正确选项不包含过于绝对化的词语。
三、主旨大意题1、标志:best title, main idea, main problem,conclusion,mainly disguss, mainly deal with或者问作者的写作目的purpose, the author intends to do sth, a digest of利用宏观阅读技巧作主旨题,不管是出现在什么位置,都把他作为最后一题来做。
2、方法:1)段落少,用串线法。
2)快速作文法:两个选项难以分辨的时候,用这两个选项做作文,快速给出提纲。
3、选项不能选择局部信息,也不能选范围过宽的信息。
四、态度题1、标志:题干中出现attitude ,believe ,consider, deam,regard,deem2、作者态度可以分为三大类:1)正态度:支持,乐观,赞同2)客观、中立、公正3)反对、批评、怀疑3、等价选项都不选4、有些选项一定不是正确答案(永陪选项):indifferent(漠不关心);subjective(主观的);biased(有偏见的);puzzled(迷惑不解的)5、识别作者态度:方法一:可以根据作者论述的主线及举例的方式进行判断。
兰州大学考博英语真题及其精解
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兰州大学考博英语真题及其精解1.This rock has to be_______in order to build a road.A.blastedB.exploredC.hiredD.maintained2.He did not go to the party last night,which_______her feelings deeply.A.woundedB.injuredC.hurtD.injury3.When they returned to the river,they found that the boat had _______away.A.framedB.frostedC.frownedD.floated4.If you need further information,please_______our office.A.constantB.constructC.contactD.contain5.During the war,many soldiers were killed not by_______,but by disease.A.bulledtsB.devilC.bibleD.depth6.We watched the ship until it became only a_______in the distance.A.pointB.jarC.stoveD.dot7.The English proverb‘_______the rod and spoil the child’means that if you deep from punishing the child,you will spoil its character.Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi.A.ruleB.rugC.clapD.spare8.The_______was only sentenced to pay a fine of$10,000.A.wormB.trialC.tubeD.criminal9.Higher education in China is free but the_______for entrance is strong.parisonB.consequencepetitionD.crawl10.The light is too_______for me to read.I can not stand any more.A.ridB.ripeC.soupD.dim11.The water_______from the tap and damaged all the books in my study.A.sprayedB.puzzledC.inclinedD.exported12.In the United States,Congress makes the laws and the President _______them.A.ordersB.conquersC.executesD.hedges13.She is too_______to answer questions in the class.A.eagleB.coughC.eagerD.couch14.We enjoy seeing the glorious_______of the rising sun.A.beamsB.beansC.beefD.beer15.In the_______English reading course,the students have to read a lot.A.extensiveB.mechanicalC.mercuryD.opera16.He gave up his study in college in_______.A.bundleB.butcherC.ashD.despair17.Several people_______the car accident.A.witnessedB.provedC.swallowedD.drugged18.They will_______the project with the necessary funds.A.referB.relateC.furnaceD.furnish19.I took it for_______that you wouldn’t come here again.A.grandB.tameC.grantedD.thumb20.He was sent to London on a special_______.A.missingB.missileC.missionD.mistress21.This light shelf is strong enough to_______all the books here.A.wipeB.waxC.surveyD.sustain22.The_______Court is the highest court in the United States.A.VitalB.ThunderC.ReverseD.Supreme23.Our university has an international student exchange_______ with the University of Wyoming in the United States.A.processionB.provisionC.professionD.program24.He________of me the best way to go.A.investigatedB.inquiredC.frightenedD.resorted25.Mr.White tried to_______this job through the influence of his father.A.harnessB.fetchC.curseD.obtain26.The police dog finally found the_______of the prisoners of war.A.steepB.resolutionC.porterD.trail27.As the only_______in the small village,he not only fixedthe furniture but also made furniture for the villagers.A.symbolB.sourceC.panD.carpenter28.A big crowd gathered around the bus,almost_______the traffic.A.affectingB.blockingC.creatingD.mating29.As far as I see,this book has its own_______.A.meritB.signalC.visibleD.swift30.This tree is too_______to be planted in this area.A.tremendousB.vigorousC.shyD.tender31.This product is_______to change without notice.A.despiteB.evilC.subjectD.crust32.I don’t know how he can_______himself for such conduct.A.justifyB.locateC.rearD.swear33.The stolen watch has been_______to its owner.A.retiredB.pitchedC.restoredD.cured34.It is_______cold this winter in Xi’an.A.considerablyB.tightC.navalD.moreover35.It has been my_______to meet with this accident.A.journalB.reductionC.affectD.fate36.Her smile_______her secret even though she didn’t admit the fact.A.reviewedB.reversedC.respondedD.revealed37.He________that he could finish the job without any help.A.designedB.headedC.claimedD.preserved38.Professor Li_______his success to his mother.A.ownsB.ruinsC.owesD.roars39.The election_______for the State governor has begun this year.A.campaignB.boltC.hellD.immense40.Anyone without_______illness can do this simple job.dB.mindC.mentalD.mend41.Glass may_______at high temperature.A.profitB.pronounceC.stingD.melt42.Silver_______electricity far better than other materials.A.equipsB.strikesC.cracksD.conducts43.Everyone is encouraged to_______food or clothing for those who suffered a great deal in the flood.A.attributeB.distributeC.contributeD.drift44.White teeth are a sharp_______to black skin.A.contentB.contractC.contrastD.contain45.Tom is_______about photography.He spends nearly all his money on it.A.justiceB.innocentC.fierceD.crazy46.We need help from the other countries.But we do not_______ on others for support.A.engageB.leanC.stripD.multiply47.We will_______the plan because of the cost.A.councilB.journalC.dampD.oppose48.Our train is_______at Shanghai at seven o’clock this evening.A.dueB.crystalC.cushionD.cooperation49.Her voice was_______in the noise.A.filledB.entertainedC.enormousD.drowned50.He is very_______in his family and never does anything against his wife.A.henceB.possessC.outerD.humble答案:1.A2.C3.D4.C5.A6.D7.D8.D9.C10.D11.A12.C13.C14.A15.A 16.D17.A18.D19.C20.C21.D22.D23.D24.B25.D26.D27.D28.B29.A 30.D31.C32.A33.C34.A35.D36.D37.C38.C39.A40.C41.D42.D43.C 44.C45.D46.B47.D48.A49.D50.D本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
考博英语单选及完型分析、词汇语法
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★★
18-郑州大学 2011
[1]定语从句关系代词
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19-中国科学院 2013
无
20-中南大学 2013
[1]陈述句式;[2]名词性从句;[3]陈述句式;[4]倒装句式; [5]形容词/名词搭配
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核心语法统计
[1]动词相关:21 处;[2]从句相关:6 处;[3]代词相关:6 处; [4]句式/句序相关:15 处;[5]其他相关:9 处
13-武汉大学 2013 14-西安交通大学 2013 15-西北大学 2011
16-厦门大学 2013
语法点
语法核心度
[1、2]定语从句关系代词
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[1]不可数名词修饰;[2]定冠词/不定冠词
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无
无
无
[1]强调句;[2]动词不定式;[3]定语从句;[4]虚拟语气 If 倒 装;[5]非谓语动词/形容词;[6]倍数修饰表达;[7]陈述句式; [8、9]不定代词;[10]连词;[11]情态动词;[12]不定代词;[13] 定语从句关系代词
第一部分 全国考博英语真题题型数据统计分析
育明教育通过对全国 100 多所考博院校真题分析,选取了北京大学等共 20 所高校近三 年来的试卷,具有广泛的代表性,列表如下:
年份
2013 2012 2011
院校 北京大学、北京航空航天大学、华东师范大学、南京大学、山东大学、上海交通大学、 四川大学、武汉大学、西安交通大学、厦门大学、浙江大学、中国科学院、中南大学 北京师范大学、复旦大学、华中科技大学、吉林大学 重庆大学、西北大学、郑州大学
数量低于 5(次)的部分。
从上表可得出如下结论: (1)词义考察占据绝对比重,比重均值达 76.3%。育明教育认为,掌握词义,特别是 名词、动词、形容词等主要实词类别的词义,是实现单选、完型高正确率的重要保障。 (2)短语考察以“动.词.+.介.词.”“介.词.+.名.词.+.介.词.”形式为主。说明掌握介词短语,特 别是介词与动词、名词搭配的短语是提高单选、完型正确率的保障。 (3)词汇考察绝.大.部.分.以识.别.词.义.为主,极少涉及词形辨析、近义辨析等专业英语测 试中经常出现的题型。说明扩大词汇量,特别是熟练掌握积极词汇的常见义非常重要。 (4)绝大部分院校对语法、搭配考察较少,如有 10 个院校考察语法题量少于 5 题/卷, 8 个院校考察搭配题量少于 5 题/卷。从另一个侧面说明目前考察词义仍是重点,其要义是“看 得懂就能做得出”。
2015兰州大学考博英语语法 寻找真题中隐藏的高分
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2015兰州大学考博英语语法寻找真题中隐藏的高分考博英语语法是历年试卷考查点的一个综合体现,对于英语语法出题的各种表现都是要求同学们在日常学习中积累的关键,无论是完型填空还是英语阅读还有比较头疼的长难句成分复杂,语序颠倒或省略成分,往往对考生具有极大的杀伤力。
所以育明考博考博英语辅导专家王老师,建议同学们在秋季黄金时期提高对真题解析的能力,提高对长难句的理解能力,找到真题中隐藏的高分。
联系我们扣扣:四九三三七一六二六。
电话:四零零六六八六九七八吃透真题的策略总结如下:一、花时间下辛苦来研究比如说我们做一套真题可能只花三个小时,但是事实上大家要真的去钻研透吸收一套真题里面所有的营养和知识可能需要30个小时,我们才能做到真正的融会贯通。
做完真题之后切忌只对答案,我们答案的对错成败无关重要,关键是要把做的真题当中错了的或者说发现的有用的语言点、知识点进行提炼、分类、整理,然后才能对真题进行一个全方位的梳理和吸收。
王老师发现大家做真题的时候很多同学面临的实际问题就是,有很多东西的理解没有把握没有参照的标准,所以说资料的参考也是非常重要的。
二、深入贯通各题型研究考博真题,还有一个敲门就是要学会建立各个题型之间的联系。
比如:阅读中强调的态度提示词语和标准句型也可以用到写作中。
总之就是不要孤立地看待各个题型。
要把英语知识的储备作为复习的第一要务。
奔着这个目的做真题,研究到最后,有的同学说已经到了“炉火纯青”的地步,这个时候你也许没有意识到自己的英语已经发生了一个质的飞跃。
考博英语不是单纯的背诵,需要的是反复推敲,探究其本质,乐在学习中。
三、攻克语法几乎我们接触过的任何一个语法项目,在真题中都能找到其所在。
很多同学不是特别重视语法的学习,这由长期以来的学习习惯决定,只是凭借所谓的“语感”恐怕难在考试中争取到高分。
找一本好书,能够详尽介绍各个语法点省,最好能够直击要害,省去了高中语法的冗赘说明,这样学习起来就不会觉得知识越学越多,只会越学越有动力。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号:96
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2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Why does a vegetarian restaurant make its dishes resemble meat in every way except ()? 问题1选项A.ingredientsponentsC.elementspounds【答案】A【解析】ingredient成分,配料,原料;component组件,元件;element元素,要素;compound化合物;混合物。
句意:为什么素食餐厅的菜除了配料外,其他各个方面都像肉?选项A符合语境。
2.单选题In a world that aims to eliminate hunger and disparities in wealth, globe equilibrium is vital.问题1选项A.equityB.balanceC.inequalityD.discretion 【答案】C【解析】根据句意可知,这里是消除贫富差距。
disparities 意为“差异,不一致”。
equity 公平,公正;balance 平衡,匀称;inequality 不平等,不同;discretion 谨慎,考虑周到。
选项C与之意思相近。
3.单选题Let's put an end to this unnecessary and ()destruction of our environment.问题1选项A.wantonB.illiterateC.decisivepetitive【答案】A【解析】wanton荒唐的,无节制的;illiterate文盲的,不识字的;decisive决定性的,果断的;competitive 竞争的,比赛的。
句意:让我们停止对环境不必要的以及无节制的破坏。
选项A符合句意。
4.单选题She worked hard at her task before she felt sure that the results would ()her long effort. 问题1选项A.justifyB.estifyC.rectifyD.verify【答案】A【解析】justify 证明……是正当的/有理由的,替……辩护;testify 作证,证明,证实;rectify 改正,精馏,整流;verify 核实,查证。
兰州大学2007年考博英语试题
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兰州大学 2007 年考博英语试题注意:答案请一律写在答题纸上,写在试题上无效。
Part One Structure and Vocabulary (40%)Directions: In this part there are two sections In Section One, you are to choose from the four choices under each sentence the one which is similar in meaning to the underlined part of the sentence. And in Section Two, you are to choose the one that can beat complete the sentence in question. Section I1.An important function of early stone took was to extract highly nutritiousfood from large animal carcasses2 Regional planning deals with proposals concerning outlying communitiesand highways as well as with urban affairs3.Potash and soda are not interchangeable for all purposes, but for glass-or soap-making cither would do.A. advantageousB. convenientC. identifiableD. equivalent4.With the dawn of space exploration, the notion that atmospheric conditionson Earth may be unique in the system was strengthened5.When the glaciers thawed after the last ice age%the five Great Lakes ofNorth America were formed6.New York is a shopper's paradise whether one wants to spend large sums of money in elegant department stores or rifle though goods displayed on street barrows7.During the rainy season the Mississippi River may carry away hundreds of acres of valuable topsoil from one area and arbitrarily deposit it in another.A. lawfullyB. subsequentlyC. randomlyD. mercilessly8.Over six million citizens of the United States collect benefits from private pension plans each year.A. nongovernmentalB. unauthorizedC. confidentialD. nontransferable9.Of the thousands of known volcanoes in the world, the overwhelming majority are Dormant10.The lymphatic system includes a network of tiny capillaries that lie adjacentto the fine blood vessels.11. One of California's most acute problems is an inadequate water supply.12.It is estimated that at one time there existed from one to two thousand American Indian languages and at least as many cultures, each different in some respect from all the others.13.The eardrum, a taut membrane located at the end of the ear canal, separates the outer ear from the inner ear.A lightly tinted B. tightly stretched C. somewhat opaque D. delicately made14.It was commonly felt that the purchase of Alaska by the United State in1867 was foolish.15.In the Pacific Northwest, as climate and topography vary, so do the speciesthat prevail in the forests.16.In frogs and toads,the tongue is fixed to the front of the mouth in order to facilitate projecting it at some distance, greatly in aiding in capture of insects.17.Stare twinkle as a result of the turbulent stale of the air through which their light passes.A. in addition toB. in spite ofC. because ofD. with regard to 18.Most meat-eating animals use their teeth to seize and kill prey.A. attackerB. nourishmentC. enemiesD. victims19. It is ridiculous to become angry about such an insignificant matter,A. absurdB. nourishmentC. tragicD. unpardonablewears out a minimum of two hundred pairs of toe shoes per year?A. onlyB. at leastC. exactlyD. fewer thanSection II (20%)21.Not until the eighteenth century _____the complex chemistry of metallurgy.A.when scientists began to appreciateB.did scientists begin to appreciateC.scientists who were beginning to appreciateD.the appreciation of scientists began22.Pewte, ____ for eating and drinking utensils in colonial America, isabout ninety percent tin with copper or bismuth added for hardness.A. widely used itB. was widely usedC. which widely usedD. widely used23. Lyndon B. Johnson was the only United States President whose oath of office ____ by a woman, Judge Sarah Tilghman Hughes.A. was administeredB. being directedC. was accomplishedD. of administration was24. Protein digestion begins in the stomach _____ ends in the small intestine.A. whenB. whileC. andD. because25.___fee growth of manufacturing and other industries, the economy of the state of Texas has remained heavily dependent on oil and gas.26.Probably at about the same time speech, ____laughter originated too.A. increasedB. brought aboutC. evolvedD. resulted27.The United States Capitol building in Washington D.C, is ____in a smallpark surrounded by a number of impressive government buildings.28.In earlier times there were more sheep in the South of New Zealand than in the North; now, ____ to cross-bred flocks, the reverse is the case.A. in increase attentionB. with increasing attentionC. with attention increasingD. in attention29.Researchers ____ that when people are mentally engaged biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively.A. have brought aboutB. had set up C have established D. had put up30. Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enables us to get along with one another and ___ where we in society.31.If pollution continues to increase _____the present rate, formation of aerosols in the atmosphere will cause the onset of an ice age in about fifty years time.兰州大学2007年考博英语试题A. withB. inC. byD. at32.A few years ago a brand of bread was offered to dieters with____ that there were fewer calories in every slice.A. messageB. the message .Cmessages D. information33.Americans view business _____based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society.A. being as more firmlyB. as more firmlyC. asbeing more firmly D. as is more firmly34.By 1872 the United States had 70 engineering colleges,____astonishing expansion credited largely to the Morrill Act of 1862.35.When used as food additives, antioxidants prevent fats and oils ____rancid when exposed to air, and thus extend their shelf life.A. from becomingB. becomingC. to becomeD. to becoming36. Parents should realize that‘‘ example is better than ____”A. statementB. lessonC. proverbD. precept37.Arabian camels are usually about 7 feet high and generally sandy-colored,_____sometimes they are white, various shades of brown or black.38.____they sometimes swim alone, dolphins usually congregate in large groups, often numbering in the hundreds.A. EvenB. WhyC. AlthoughD. Nevertheless39. ___in the desert is mainly due to the limited supply of desert water.A Plants are widely spaced B. The wide spacing of plantsC. The spacing of plants is wideD. Plants to be spaced widely40.Faults in the Earth's crust are most evident in sedimentary formations,_____interrupt previously continuous layers.A. by whichB. which itC. where theyD. thus itPart Two TranslationSection I (From English into Chinese)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. (20%)(1)Drr . Claude Shannon of Bell Telephone Laboratories, and his colleague, E. F. Moore, once built a machine to play the game known as Hex, using an analog computer working on electrical voltages. It beat them about 70 per cent of the time. “ It frequently surprised its designers by selecting odd-looking moves which,on analysis, proved sound," Shannon comments.兰州大学2007年考博英语试题(2) Each of these mechanical gameplayers- is said to“ learn” because it is so programmed that it follows the Boolean algebra pattern, discovering by sadexperience that one thing or another doesn't work and profiting by mistake. One of Shannon's more fantastic triumphs is het magnetized ‘ "mouse” which, when placedin a complicated maze consisting of partitions, is supposed to find the one and theonly path to the “ cheese. ” On the first try the mouse will stumble aimlessly around running into one wall after another. Eventually, by repeated try and error, it will locate the cheese.If the mouse is given a second try, it will go straight to the cheese withouthitting a single blind alley. It will, do it from any part of the maze. (3) Moreover, if itstrainer changes the maze on it by relocating the partitions, the mouse blunders onlywhere the terrain has become unfamiliar. It can recognize at once positions thathave not been changed. Eventually the mouse learns enough to forget all former arrangements and remember only the latest, successful ones.(4)The mouse itself does not think, but it is difficult to argue against the thinking doneby the electromagnet and computer that drive the mouse. The device does have theability to distinguish between right and wrong, and to revise its standards on the basisof its own experience.Probably the clearest difference between man and machine is a quantitative one.The brain has roughly a million times as many parts as the best computer. On theother hand, the difference may lie in a spiritual factor, embraced by religion. (5) Atany rate, machine cannot exercise free will or originate anything— not ye t Whether itever will is still an open argumentSectionII (From Chinese into English)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlinedsentences into English. (20%)在中国的西北边境,在新疆的天山南北,有一支拥有百万军垦战士,肩负“屯垦戍边”使命的接师,——新疆生产建设兵团。
兰大考博2005年真题
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兰州大学2005年招收攻读博士学位研究生英语考试试题Section Ⅰ (20%)1.Hemp, a barsh, stiff fiber, comes from a plant that grows in both hotand mild climates.A. rigidB. stickyC. denseD. woven2. At least six times since the end of the last ice age, the MississippiRiver has dramatically altered its course.A. unfortunatelyB. radicallyC. steadilyD. incvitably3. The Depreasion years of 1930`s brought with them the notion of jobsharing to spread available work around; the workweek dropped to modem low for the United Statesof 35 hours.A. conceptB. pictureC. noticeD. program4. The longest unbroken border in the world is that between Canada andThe United States.A. reciprocalB. incessantC. uninterruptedD. enduring5. A major chatacteristic of parliament government is the fusion ofexecutive and legislative powers in one body.A. alignmentB. fixingC. strengthD. union6. New York is a shopper`s paradise whether one wants to spend afortune in elegant department stores or rifle though goods displayed on street barrows.A. turn one`s back onB. walk casually alongC. search carefully forD. to look quickly over7. The role of the performing artist is to interpret, not alter, the notes ona printed sheet of music.A. reproduceB. omitC. changeD. compose8. Within minutes, as my guide predicted, a beggar accosted me.A. insultedB. intinddatedC. approached and addressedD. asked fou money9. The stories of Sarah Onne Jewerr are considered by many to be moreauthentically regional than those of Bret Harte.A. genuinelyB. blatantlyC. intentionallyD. thoroughly10. With the down of space exploration, the notion that atmosphericconditions on Earth may be unique in the solar system was strengthened.A. continuationB. beginningC. expansionD. outcome11. When a flounder first hatches, it looks like a typical fish.A. emerges from the eggB. maturesC. swims aboutD. rises from the bottom12. Many movies receive disparaging reviews from film experts and yetbecome extremely successful.A. lengthyB. authoritativeC. negativeD. uninteresting13. A vein is a depoait of mineral matter that has filled a fault or seamin a rock.A. a caveB. a crackC. an indentationD. a hole14. During the late 1860`s, thirty-three whaling ships were trapped in aice floe off Alaska and had to be abandoned.A. protectedB. overturnedC. given upD. towed away15. There are numerous manuals available with instructions on how tofix a bicycle.A. steerB. controlC. rideD. repair16. Because he was unaware of the new limit, he was stopped andwarned for speeding.A. ignorantB. obstinateC. IntricateD. adjacent17. The strait is a difficult stretch of water, too perilous for small ferriesto cross.A. surgingB. riskyC. narrowD. windy18. The initial sounds of words are frequently stressed.A. alphabeticalB. vowelC. hardD. beginning19. Weather forecasers must know as much as possible about the stateof the atmosphere.A. organizationB. locationC. conditionD. composition20. A kiin is a type of oven in which clay is fired so that it hardens intoform of ceramic material.A . lightenced B. repairedC. meltedD. bakedSectionⅡ(20%)21. no two people think exactly alike, there will always bedisagreement, but disagreement should not always be avoided; it can be healthy if handled creatively.A. WhyB. There areC. BecauseD. That22. Until the eighteenth century , charcoal was used in blastlurnaces, as well as in glassmaking, blacksmithing, and metalworking.A. the chief fuel wasB. what the chief fuelC. the chief fuel thatD. the chief fuel23. The early cultures of the genus Homo were generally byregular use of stone tools and by a hunting gathering economy.A. well-knownB. admittedC. distinguishedD. condidered24. Mamufacturing is Canada`s most important economic activity,17 percent of the workforce.A. engagesB. engagingC. and to engageD. that it engages25. Railway industry must the growing demands for carryingfreight and passengers.A. keep pace withB. keep a pace withC. keep paces togetherD. follow the pace of26. In war time, pigeons to fly as fast as 75 miles an hour andto cover distances of 500 to 600 miles.A. are to be knownB. have been knownC. are supposed to have knownD. usually know27. The American frontier the relatively unsettled regions ofthe United States, usually found in the western part of the country.A. included inB. make up ofC. includingD. consisted of28. In carlier times there were more sheep in the South of New Zealandthan in the North; now, with increasing attention to cross-bred flocks, the reverse .A. being trueB. being the caseC. are trueD. is the case29. Most people would agree that, our age exceeds all previous ages inknowledge, there has been no increase in wisdom.A. respectiveB. relatedC. correspondingD. consistent30. Statuses are marzelous human inventions that to getalong with one another and to determine where we “fit” in society.A. enable usB. make us capableC. give us powerD. we are able31. Tidiness means keeping things out of sight and availablewhen wanted.A. so thatB. alsoC. soD. yet32. A few years ago a brand of bread to dieters with themessage that there were fewer calories in every slice.A. was offeredB. had offeredC. was offeredD. being offered33. The business institutes have more prestige in American society thanany other organization the government.A. including ofB. to includeC. includedD. including34. that life began billions of years ago in the water..A. It is believedB. In the beliefC. The beliefD. Believing35. as food additives ,antioxidants prevent fats and oilsfrom becoming rancid when exposed to air, and thus extend their shelf life.A. While usedB. When usingC. When usedD. Using36. As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child,is very important in parental tasching.A. firmnessB. consistencyC. harmonyD. correlation37. John was the only one who knew how to cook because he hadin the kitchen when he was a boy.A. helped withB. helped upC. helped outD. helped himself38. Methods of measuring mass, time, and distance are ofhuman culture.A. among the oldest skillsB. they are among the oldest skillsC. what among the oldest skillsD. the skills that among the oldest39. The first glass factory the North American continentwas started in Jamostown, Virginia, in 1607.A. was established onB. being establishedC. established onD. that established it40. The notion that students are not sufficiently involved in theireducation is for the recent surge of support for undergraduate research.A. reason thatB. one reasonC. the reason whichD. reasonPart Two Translation (40%)Section Ⅰ (From English into Chinese)Directions Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.(20%)I lost my sight when I was four years old by falling off a box car in a freight yard in Atlantic City and landing on my head. Now I am thirty-two, I can vaguely remember the brightness of sunshine and what colorred is. It would be wonderful to see again, but a calamity can do strange things to people. (1) It occurred to me the other day that I might no t have come to love life as I do if I hadn`t been blind. I believe in life now. I am not so sure that I would have believe in it so deeply, otherwise. I don`t mean that I would prefer to go without my eyes. I simply mean that the loss of them made me appreciate the more what I had left.Life, I believe, asks a continuous series of adjustments to reality. (2) The more readily a person is able to make these adjustments, the more meaningful his own private world would become. The adjustment is never easy. I was bewildered and afraid. But I was lucky. My parents and my teachers saw something in me – a potential to live, you might call it – and they made me want to fight it out with blindness.The hardest lesson I had to learn was to believe in myself. That was basic. If I hadn`t been able to do that, I would have collapsed and become a chair rocker on the front porch for the rest of my life. When I say belief in myself I am not talking about simply the kind of self- confidence that helps me down an unfamiliar staircase alone. That is part of it. But I mean something bigger than that a assurance I am, despite imperfections, a real, positive person; (3) that somewhere in the sweeping intricate pattern of people there is a special place where I can make myself fit.It took me years to discover and strengthen this assurance. It had to start with the most elementary things. Once a man gave me an indoorbaseball. I thought he was mocking me and I was hurt. “I can`t use this,” I said. “Take it with you, and roll it around,” he urged me. The words stuck in my head. By rolling the ball I could hear where it went. (4) This gave me an idea how to achieve a goal I had thought impossible playing baseball. At Philadephia`s Overbrook School for the Blind I invented a successful variation of baseball. We called it ground ball.All my life I have set ahead of me a series of goals and then tried to reach them, one at a time. I had to learn my limitations. (5) It was no good to try for something I knew at the start was wildly out of reach because that only invited the bitterness of failure. I would fail sometimes anyway but on the average I made progress.Section Ⅱ (From Chinese into English)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into English (20%)盼头(6)细娃盼过年,大人盼开春。
考博英语题型
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考博英语题型一、阅读理解阅读理解是考博英语中的重要部分,主要考察考生对英文文献的阅读、理解和分析能力。
通常包括两篇长篇文章和若干段短文,总阅读量在3000字左右。
长篇文章通常涉及学术领域的内容,如社会科学、人文科学等,而短文则可能涉及新闻、广告、说明书等不同题材。
阅读理解的题目类型包括选择题、判断题、填空题等,要求考生在理解文章内容的基础上,根据问题进行分析和判断。
二、词汇和语法词汇和语法部分主要考察考生的英语基础知识和语言运用能力。
题目通常包括词汇选择题、填空题、改错题等,要求考生掌握一定数量的英语词汇,能够正确运用语法规则进行句子表达。
考生需要通过大量的词汇和语法练习,提高自己的语言运用能力,掌握常见的词汇和表达方式。
三、完形填空完形填空是一种综合性的语言测试题型,主要考察考生对英语语篇的理解和组织。
题目通常给出一篇短文,其中若干个空格需要填写适当的单词或短语。
考生需要根据上下文语境、语法规则和词汇意义等方面进行分析,选择最合适的答案。
完形填空要求考生具备较强的语篇理解和组织能力,以及对英语语言细节的关注。
四、翻译翻译部分主要考察考生对英语和汉语之间的翻译能力。
题目通常包括英译中和中译英两种类型,要求考生能够准确地将英文或中文文献翻译成另一种语言,并保持原文的语义和风格。
考生需要通过大量的翻译练习,提高自己的语言转换能力,了解不同文化背景下的语言表达方式和习惯。
五、写作写作部分主要考察考生对英文写作的掌握和应用能力。
题目通常给定一个主题或情境,要求考生根据要求写出一篇结构完整、语言流畅的短文。
写作类型可能包括议论文、说明文、应用文等不同形式,要求考生具备较强的语言表达能力和逻辑思维能力。
考生需要通过大量的写作练习,提高自己的英文写作水平,掌握常见的写作技巧和表达方式。
全国各大院校考博英语试题题型汇总
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人民大学: Part 1 词汇20%(40题);
中国考博辅导首选学校
Part 2 阅读理解 30% (30题,6篇) Part 3 翻译 E-C 10%;C-E 10% Part 4 写作 A letter 10% B essay 20% 清华大学 Part 1 词汇20%(40题); Part 2 阅读理解 40% (20题,5篇) Part 3 完形10% 20题 Part 4 翻译 E-C 10%; Part5 写作 20% 不少于300字 北京师范大学: Part 1 听力 15% Section A Section B: 07年 Section A 5statements Section B 5 short conversation Section C 1 interview 08年 Section A 5 news reports 对题项判断正误 Section B Tolk one/two Talks and questions Part 2阅读理解 30% (30题,6篇) Part 3 翻译和写作 55% Section A 翻译40%: E-C C-E Section B 写作 15% summary 120-150字 北京航空航天大学 Part1 听力 20分 SectionA 10分 SectionB 10分 passage Part 2 阅读理解 30分 4篇 Part3 vocabulary 10分 Part4 cloze 10分 Part5 translation 15分 translate the underlined sentences into Chinese Part6 15分 150字 中南大学: 卷一:Part 1 英语应用 词汇10%(20题);完形10%(20题) Part 2 阅读理解 40% (20题,5篇) 卷二:Part 3 翻译 英译汉10%(划线部分);汉译英10%(一段)
医学考博英语听力题型
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医学考博英语听力题型
医学考博英语听力部分通常包括以下几种题型:
1. 短对话理解:这种题型通常是一男一女进行简短的对话,然后后面跟着3到4个问题,需要考生从对话中提取关键信息来回答问题。
2. 长对话理解:这种题型通常是一段较长的对话,可能是一个访谈或者是一段讨论,然后后面跟着3到4个问题,需要考生从对话中提取关键信息来回答问题。
3. 听写填空:这种题型通常会播放一段录音,然后会暂停,让考生填写所听到的内容。
填空的内容可能是单词、短语或者是句子。
4. 听力理解多选题:这种题型通常会播放一段录音,然后后面跟着3到4个选择题,考生需要根据所听到的内容选择正确的答案。
5. 判断正误:这种题型通常会播放一段录音,然后给出一些关于录音内容的陈述,考生需要根据所听到的内容判断这些陈述是否正确。
以上信息仅供参考,如有需要建议查阅考试大纲或咨询相关人员。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号:7
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2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题In school examinations certain subjects are optional.问题1选项A.not difficultB.not necessaryC.not to be chosenD.not compulsory【答案】D【解析】optional意为“可选择的,随意的”。
not compulsory非强制的,选项D与原句所表达的意思相符。
2.单选题These are signs that the presidency will attempt to put environmental issues on high its ().问题1选项A.legislationB.trendC.mainstreamD.agenda 【答案】D【解析】legislation 立法,法律;trend 趋势,倾向;mainstream 主流;agenda 议程,日程表。
句意:这些迹象表明,总统将试图把环境问题提上议程。
选项D符合句意。
3.单选题The town planning commission said that their financial outlook for the next year was optimistic. They expect increased tax ().问题1选项A.efficiencyB.revenuesC.privilegesD.validity【答案】B【解析】efficiency效率,效能,功效;revenue税收收入,收益;privilege特权,优待;validity有效性,正确性。
句意:城市规划委员会表示,他们对明年的财政前景持乐观态度。
他们期望税收收入增加。
选项B符合句意。
4.单选题The massive, black, horned buffalo, formerly found throughout sub-Saharan Africa, is a gregarious animal of open or scrub-covered plains and open forests.问题1选项A.rottenB.sociableC.wealthyD.beautiful【答案】B【解析】句意:巨大的、黑色的、有角的水牛,原产于非洲撒哈拉以南,是一种群居动物,生活在开阔的或灌木覆盖的平原和开阔的森林中。
考博英语题型
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考博英语题型
【原创版】
目录
1.考博英语概述
2.考博英语的题型及分值分布
3.各种题型的备考策略
4.总结
正文
一、考博英语概述
考博英语,全称为博士研究生入学考试英语科目,是我国博士研究生招生全国统一考试的一部分。
其主要目的是测试考生的英语语言应用能力,以确保考生具备良好的英语水平,能够适应博士研究生阶段的学习和科研工作。
考博英语考试分为笔试和口试两个部分,其中笔试是主要的考试形式。
二、考博英语的题型及分值分布
考博英语笔试部分主要包括以下几种题型:
1.阅读理解(占总分值的 20%)
2.完形填空(占总分值的 10%)
3.翻译(占总分值的 15%)
4.写作(占总分值的 25%)
5.语法与词汇(占总分值的 10%)
6.逻辑与推理(占总分值的 10%)
三、各种题型的备考策略
1.阅读理解:提高阅读速度和理解能力,注重文章的主旨和细节。
可以通过多阅读英文文章和进行模拟练习来提高。
2.完形填空:注重词汇和语法的积累,分析句子结构,理解上下文。
可以多做真题练习,总结规律。
3.翻译:中英文互译都需要掌握。
注意翻译时要忠实原文,表达通顺。
可以通过翻译练习和积累词汇短语来提高。
4.写作:熟悉各类作文类型,注重文章结构和逻辑。
多进行写作练习,积累素材和表达。
5.语法与词汇:系统学习英语语法,积累词汇,加强练习。
6.逻辑与推理:提高逻辑思维能力,熟悉题型,多进行练习。
四、总结
考博英语考试对考生的英语语言应用能力有较高要求,需要考生在各个方面都具备一定的实力。
2020年考博英语阅读理解试题分类解析PPT模板
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二阅读理解分类解析
01
unit1风土人 情类
02
unit2婚姻家 庭类
03
unit3经济管 理类
04
unit4科普科 研类
6
unit6社会生 活类
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单击此处添加文本具体内 容,简明扼要的阐述您的 观点。根据需要可酌情增 减文字,以便观者准确的 理解您传达的思想。
202x
2020年考博英语阅读理解试 题分类解析
演讲人
2 0 2 x - 11 - 11
目录
01. 一考试要求、命题形式与解题技巧 02. 二阅读理解分类解析
01
一考试要求、命题形式与解题技巧
一考试要求、命题 形式与解题技巧
一、考试要求 二、命题形式 三、解题方法与技巧
02
二阅读理解分类解析
202x
感谢聆听
二阅读理解分类解析
01
unit7社会问 题类
02
unit8生态环 境类
03
unit9文化教 育类
04
unit10医疗健 康类
05
unit11艺术文 学类
06
unit12政治法 律类
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2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号:53
![2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号:53](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/66979a763d1ec5da50e2524de518964bcf84d2ef.png)
2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Hospitals define urgent care as medical care given to somewhat less ()medical problems than emergency care.问题1选项A.perplexingplexC.prudentD.pressing【答案】D【解析】perplexing 使人困惑的,令人费解的;complex 复杂的,合成的;prudent 谨慎的,精明的;pressing 紧迫的,迫切的。
句意:医院将紧急护理定义为医疗问题比急救护理稍微不那么紧迫的医疗护理。
选项D符合语境。
2.单选题The basic causes are unknown, although certain conditions that may lead to cancer have been ().问题1选项A.identifiedB.guaranteedC.notifiedD.conveyed【答案】A【解析】identify确定,鉴定,识别;guarantee保证,担保;notify通告,通知,公布;convey 传达,运输。
句意:尽管可能导致癌症的某些条件已经确定,但基本原因还是未知数。
选项A符合句意。
3.单选题Culture like nonverbal behavior tends to elusive, and has a potent influence in intercultural communication.问题1选项A.hiddenB.visibleC.difficult to understandD.tangible【答案】C【解析】句意:像非语言行为这样的文化往往是晦涩难懂的,并且在跨文化交际中有着强大的影响。
elusive 意为“难懂的”。
兰大考博英语试题
![兰大考博英语试题](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/534c33c96137ee06eff91857.png)
2001年兰州大学2007年招收攻读博士学位研究生英语考试试题Section I1. An important function of early stone took was to extract highly nutritious food from large animal carcassesA. destroyB. identifyC. RemoveD. compare2 Regional planning deals with proposals concerning outlying communities and highways as well as with urbanaffairsA. outlandishB. Remote C exempted D. exclusive3. Potash and soda are not interchangeable for all purposes, but for glass- or soap-making either would do.A. advantageousB. convenientC. identifiableD. equivalent4. With the dawn of space exploration, the notion that atmospheric conditions on Earth may be unique in the systemwas strengthenedA. continuationB. beginningC. expansionD. Outcome5. When the glaciers thawed after the last ice age the five Great Lakes of North America were formedA. meltedB. advanced C evaporated D. exploded6. New York is a shopper's paradise whether one wants to spend large sums of money in elegant department storesor rifle though goods displayed on street barrowsA. a fortuneB. a dimeC. MuchD. quite lot7. During the rainy season the Mississippi River may carry away hundreds of acres of valuable topsoil from onearea and arbitrarily deposit it in another.A. lawfullyB. SubsequentlyC. RandomlyD. mercilessly8. Over six million citizens of the United States collect benefits from private pension plans each year.A. nongovernmentalB. unauthorizedC. confidentialD. nontransferable9. Of the thousands of known volcanoes in the world, the overwhelming majority are dormantA. unchartedB. unpredictableC. MinorD. inactive10. The lymphatic system includes a network of tiny capillaries that lie adjacent to the fine blood vessels.A. independent ofB. nearC. obscured byD. within11. One of California's most acute problems is an inadequate water supply.A. criticalB. unusualC. PersistentD. unexpected12. It is estimated that at one time there existed from one to two thousand American Indian languages and at leastas many cultures, each different in some respect from all the others.A. prospectB. StagesC. AspectD. activity13. The eardrum, a taut membrane located at the end of the ear canal, separates the outer ear from the inner ear.A lightly tinted B. tightly stretched C. somewhat opaque D. delicately made14.It was commonly felt that the purchase of Alaska by the United State in 1867 was foolish.A. requiringB. sendingC. buyingD. applying15. In the Pacific Northwest, as climate and topography vary, so do the species that prevail in the forests.A dominate B. rebuild C. invade D. tend16.In frogs and toads,the tongue is fixed to the front of the mouth in order to facilitate projecting it at somedistance, greatly in aiding in capture of insects.A proscribing B. Protruding C. Provoking D. protracting17. Stare twinkle as a result of the turbulent stale of the air through which their light passes.A. in addition toB. in spite ofC. because ofD. with regard to18. Most meat-eating animals use their teeth to seize and kill prey.A. attackerB. nourishmentC. enemiesD. victims19.It is ridiculous to become angry about such an insignificant matter,A. absurdB. NourishmentC. tragicD. unpardonable20.How many people are aware that a dancer with New York City Ballet typically wears out a minimum of twohundred pairs of toe shoes per year?A. onlyB. at leastC. exactlyD. fewer thanSection II (20%)21.Not until the eighteenth century _____the complex chemistry of metallurgy.A. when scientists began to appreciateB. did scientists begin to appreciateC. scientists who were beginning to appreciateD. the appreciation of scientists began22. Pewte, ____ for eating and drinking utensils in colonial America, is about ninety percent tin with copper orbismuth added for hardness.A. widely used itB. was widely usedC. which widely usedD. widely used23. Lyndon B. Johnson was the only United States President whose oath of office ____by a woman, Judge SarahTilghman Hughes.A. was administeredB. being directedC. was accomplishedD. of administration was24. Protein digestion begins in the stomach _____ ends in the small intestine.A. whenB. whileC. AndD. because25.___fee growth of manufacturing and other industries, the economy of the state of Texas has remained heavilydependent on oil and gas.A. AsB. DespiteC. ThoughD. In case26. Probably at about the same time speech, ____laughter originated too.A. increasedB. brought aboutC. EvolvedD. resulted27. The United States Capitol building in Washington D.C, is ____in a small park surrounded by a number ofimpressive government buildings.A. located B- secluded C formed D. Spotted28. In earlier times there were more sheep in the South of New Zealand than in the North; now, ____ to cross-bredflocks, the reverse is the case.A. in increase attentionB. with increasing attentionC. with attention increasingD. in attention29. Researchers ____ that when people are mentally engaged biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it toact more effectively.A. have brought aboutB. had set up C have established D. had put up30. Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enables us to get along with one another and ___ where we insociety.A. to determineB. determineC. to the determinationD. by determining31. If pollution continues to increase _____the present rate, formation of aerosols in the atmosphere will cause theonset of an ice age in about fifty years time.A. withB. inC. ByD. at32. A few years ago a brand of bread was offered to dieters with____ that there were fewer calories in every slice.A. messageB. the messageC. MessagesD. information33. Americans view business _____based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society.A. being as more firmlyB. as more firmlyC. as being more firmlyD. as is more firmly34. By 1872 the United States had 70 engineering colleges, ____astonishing expansion credited largely to theMorrill Act of 1862.A was B. because C. to which D. an35. When used as food additives, antioxidants prevent fats and oils ____rancid when exposed to air, and thusextend their shelf life.A. from becomingB. becomingC. to becomeD. to becoming36. Parents should realize that ……example is better than ____”A. statementB. lessonC. ProverbD. precept37.Arabian camels are usually about 7 feet high and generally sandy-colored, _____sometimes they are white,various shades of brown or black.A but that B. though C. however D. therefore38. ____they sometimes swim alone, dolphins usually congregate in large groups, often numbering in the hundreds.A. EvenB. WhyC. AlthoughD. Nevertheless39.___in the desert is mainly due to the limited supply of desert water.A Plants are widely spaced B. The wide spacing of plantsC. The spacing of plants is wideD. Plants to be spaced widely40. Faults in the Earth's crust are most evident in sedimentary formations, _____interrupt previously continuous layers.A. by whichB. which itC. where theyD. thus it。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号:41
![2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号:41](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/464c50d67d1cfad6195f312b3169a4517723e594.png)
2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题John's evenings out are usually followed by a quick dash back to his own flat to finish his reading for the following day's tutorial.问题1选项A.lectureB.reportC.quizD.discussion【答案】A【解析】根据句意可知,tutorial指辅导课,辅导材料。
lecture 演讲,讲稿,教训;report 报告,成绩单;quiz恶作剧,随堂测验;discussion 讨论。
选项A最符合原文语境,所以正确。
2.单选题It was reported that the project ()by the end of this month.问题1选项A.will be completedB.would have been completedC.would have completedD.will have been completed 【答案】B【解析】句意:据报道,该项目将于本月底完成。
根据was和by+时间可知,这里应该用would+过去完成时,首先排除选项A和D;项目是被完成,所以选项B正确。
3.单选题Nowadays money is still a major ()in most occupations.问题1选项A.incentiveB.meticulousC.formativeD.provision【答案】A【解析】Incentive动机,刺激,激励;meticulous一丝不苟的,小心翼翼的;formative形成的,造型的,格式化的;provision规定,条款,供应物。
句意:如今,在大多数职业中,金钱仍然是主要的激励因素。
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2015兰州大学考博英语历年真题一、招考介绍从整体上看,由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大,对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高,特别是听、说能力。
攻读博士学位的学生,一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力,另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。
二、兰州大学考博英语题型Part1:选择题,40分。
共40小题(前20题四选一的正确形式20%;后20题四选一20%)Part2:翻译题40分。
(英译汉20%:给一段英文短文翻译其中指定的5句话;汉译英20%:给一段汉文短文翻译其中指定的5句话)Part3:写作,20分。
按指定的要求写200-250字的命题作文。
三、考博英语必备参考书育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。
在当当网,亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售,也可以联系我们直接购买。
四、联系导师在初步定好考博学校之后,就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系,询问是否有招生名额,能否报考,这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。
大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。
因为太早,学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定,报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额;太晚的话,怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。
一般情况下,导师对一个学生很中意的话,后来联系的学生,导师一般也不会答应其报考了。
在此说点题外话,联系导师的过程中,如果读研期间的导师有关系,可以尽量利用。
如果没有,也没关系,凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的,这就要看自己了。
通常跟导师初次联系,都是发邮件。
导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种:(1)、欢迎报考。
这种答复最笼统,说明不了问题。
我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通,看看具体的进展,避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。
(2)、名额有限,可以报考,但有竞争。
很多人说这样的回复不满意,认为希望很小一般会被刷。
其实这样还是比较好的一种回答,最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己,考的好就可以上。
(3)、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关,欢迎报考什么的话。
不可否认,这是最好的情况,你可以放心的去考,一般不会出问题的。
但不排除偶然,像出现直博和本学校的硕转博名额问题,可能会给我们的报考和录取产生影响。
总之考博凭的是实力和自身的本事,关系只是占一部分,自己努力了就行,不用过分纠结于导师回复有没有啥隐含意思的。
初次联系好导师后,一定要注意跟导师保持联系。
每半个月或者一个月向导师汇报一下学习情况或者复习情况,交流一下科研方向,这很有必要。
一方面让导师觉得你很想去跟他深造,另一方面显得你虔诚好学。
五、听力答题技巧1、卷子发下来后快速的浏览一遍,包括题干和答案。
这样会大大提高你对听力的理解---知道它是讲什么内容,大概是怎么回事。
联系我们扣扣:四一六九二五五五九。
电话:四零零六六八六九七八。
扣扣群:一零五六一九八二零。
2、没听懂的题目,就放弃它,千万不要在听下道题的时候还在想上道题。
这样会引起头脑的混乱。
3、相信第一感觉,听力部分不是非常确凿的感觉的话不要改动开始的答案。
人的大脑有时候会混淆的。
因此很多情况下不是你选错了,而是改错了。
因此轻易别选,但是选了之后轻易别改。
(1)提炼选项中的重要信息考生务必先看选项。
当录音人开始宣读Directions时,考生应充分利用这段时间速读选项,预测考点,从而做到心中有数。
通过先看选项,可以明确题目多方面的信息。
(2)掌握节奏合理安排时间可能没有哪种考试对时间安排的要求比听力考试还要苛刻。
“录音不等人”,所以很多考生答题时都很紧张。
其实,听力考试每分钟阅读的字数和停顿时间有严格限制:约每分钟140词,每个问题后有约15秒停顿。
拍子已经固定,我们要做的是跟上节奏,过分的紧张只会造成混乱,直接影响发挥。
答题时,考生切勿在某一题上花费过多的时间(一般少于10秒/题),剩余的时间用于阅读下一题的选项和大胆猜测考点。
一旦没有听懂就根据已经掌握的信息迅速猜一个答案,马上进入下一题的节奏。
千万不可拖泥带水,否则破坏了节奏,可能造成随后的简单题目失分。
答案选定后可放松一口气,然后尽可能多看下一题乃至两题的选项。
(3)听力是一种Paraphrase考试Paraphrase就是运用同类词语的替换或句型的变换解释句或段的意义。
听力考试多数时候是一种paraphrase考试,它往往考的不是考生是否听见,而是考考生是否听懂。
把命题中的对话和段落原封不动地照搬到答案里,等着考生把它挑出来,在考博听力考试中这种题型几乎找不到。
绝大多数题目,要求考生把听到的原文进行变换和归纳,对应到选项中。
如此一来,我们不光得竖起耳朵听,还得开动脑筋想。
这就造成有的考生听懂了原文的每个字,却选不出答案。
要避免这种情况,请注意正确答案的固定特征:(4)听懂语调和重音英语和汉语一样,说话人通过各种各样的语调和重音的变化表达不同的意思。
考博听力中,专业的录音人更是力求表演得真实,他们绝不会用平淡的语调表示自己的惊讶,也绝不会把重音放在无关紧要的词上。
重读的每一处都具有提示作用。
因而,从录音人的表现中就能推测出人物的心理活动、观点和态度。
重音和语调是最为重要的线索。
辨认录音人语调中的信息在听力考试中比听懂单个词更重要。
(5)针对题型逐个演练不管是对话还是文段,听力考试的提问可分主题题型、细节题型、推断题型和语言点题型四大类。
我们可以在平时的练习中有意识的总结做题的方法和技巧。
六、阅读理解的解题技巧其实考博阅读的技巧是有针对性的,看整篇文章就是为了弄清文章的框架,具体的问题我们可以不管,但文章的层次必须弄清楚。
只有弄清了文章的层次,具体的问题才好归类,结合课后问题才能快速定位问题答案。
另外我发现考博的题目基本都围绕在文章的各层次主干上,细枝末节上基本没有涉题,于是就会发现,原文几百字的文章,真正需要了解的只有主干的几十字而已,其余的东西都可省。
当我们划去冗余,就会发现几十字的文章骨架基本覆盖所有的问题。
可见,对于考博阅读,若要高效正确的征服,必须学会快速分析文章的主干。
这就是基于逻辑的阅读,上升到理论层面的阅读模式。
下面进行具体分析:(1)主旨在英语阅读中要弄清楚层次,个人以为要弄清文章主旨,段落中心以及段落内部的次中心,这些在一些文章主旨题和一些细节题上很受用。
常规的文章主旨都会有其固定的出现地点:首段末尾处、第二段的开头和最后一段。
当然也有非常规的情况,这就需要靠自己的能力去寻找。
找主旨需要慢慢训练,常规的、非常规的文章都能通过真题并结合后面的专家解析,这样能力就能够很快地提升。
(2)常规文章行文逻辑本文中一直的强调要重视文章逻辑,那么,一般的都有哪些逻辑呢?通过一般归纳总结,大致可以得到四个逻辑框架。
这些框架特别有助于理解文章的总体内容,阅读过程按框架有重点地跳读,辨明逻辑主线,在把握文章重点、段落中心和段内次中心基础上,会有很好的效果。
也许,在做考博阅读之初,很多平日里有扎实功底的同学也会出现全军覆没的局面,出现这种情况,并不一定是英语词汇有巨大的缺知,而可能是逻辑上出现混乱。
现在将框架简单介绍如下:框架1:提出问题——分析问题——解决问题框架2:叙述现象——分析现象——结论框架3:提出观点——支持or反驳该观点——重申观点框架4:两种东西对比——分项对比——总体对照在阅读中要有意识的将文章归类分析,弄清逻辑,以上列出的是主干,还需进一步分析到枝叶,这样才能达到层次清晰的程度。
到段落级别,文章中心也容易辨出,多数文章中心在首末,少数会出现在段中。
于是在理解阅读文章的时候,在定位完毕后尽量将重点阅读范围扩大多句,观察所在句子在段落中的地位和在全文的地位。
一般情况,较接近的段中心和段落次中心往往就是正确答案,当然在最终填写答案的时候还是细细分析更为可靠。
(3)暗含答案的重点位置所谓文章重点就是阅读文章时得特别关注的地方,也是我们在浏览文章时眼界的着力点。
在考博阅读中,出题点一般都是文章中较为重要的地方,常见的有段落的中心和次中心;对于非中心,考博文章一般不会考察。
这是博士研究生入学考试的选拔性和阅读科技论文实用性所决定的。
上述的逻辑对于宏观题基本可以一网打尽,但对于微观题,我们必须通过重点位置的提示来解决。
下面通过一些分析和重点位置的介绍来理解把握文章的细节:1)所有文章的中心与段落中心和次中心。
2)转折和因果。
在阅读中,最好把含有转折和因果的词句标出来,因为转折和因果都意味着作者的观点和态度,相对一般句子更有强调性。
例如:because,for,but,however……3)表示观点的句子、观点的词可能多处出现,当然并不是所有观点的句子和词汇都是重点,但值得一读。
阅读文章中对这些词语的敏感是件令人兴奋的事情,所以平时应做好积累。
例如:agree,acknowledge,assert,see,insist,according to,find,think,believe,show,point out,content,acclaim,say等4)特殊标点符号,有的表示具体说明、有表解释、有表反义等等,均有或强或弱的强调意味,主要的特殊标点符号有:——、()、“”等。
5)情态动词。
should,must都能表达作者感情的因素,能从侧面反映作者对于某事物的观点,理应重点阅读。
6)特殊句型。
例如副词提前加逗号这种形式Variety,……,Significantly,……副词在句中起着很大作用,能反映态度,能表程度,这种特殊句型更有强调的成分,值得多阅读分析。
7)有指代的比较级、最高级和such/so等。
上面列举的一些重点特征很多,无异就是一些相对突出强调的词语。
阅读文章的时候,仅靠这些重点基本上可以做出大部分的阅读题。
阅读时快速画出重点,仅阅读含有重点特征的句子,对文章进行“减肥”,以提高阅读效率。
(4)选项特点1)正确答案的特点a、与原文句子同义词替换。
b、相对原文语法变化,如原文中的被动变为主动。
C、正面反面,即原文句子的否定形式,答案变成肯定的正面叙述;原文是肯定形式,从正面叙述,答案变成否定形式从反面叙述。
d、AB角度,原文从A角度叙述某事,而答案从B角度叙述同一件事情,本质不变。
e、具体抽象,即原文具体事例,答案变为抽象概括,或反之。
2)干扰选项的特点a、照抄原文,个别词语不同。
b、一半信息符合原文,一半信息不符。
c、将原文某些信息张冠李戴。
d、与原文叙述的内容相反。
e、与原文中没有出现观点新信息。
f、含有绝对化的词语,如only,always,never,all,everything,anything,everywhere,everybody,nobody。
g、逻辑错误,因果颠倒等。
最后,育明考博提醒:要做好考博英语阅读必须在扎实的英语词汇和语法的基础上,从不同角度对文章进行分解和思考。