英语专业论文写作ppt课件
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英文学术论文写作方法 ppt课件
Genre：语类，语体，体裁，即根据写作目的把天下文章归 类划分的行为。
Swales (1990)： A class of communicative events, the members of which share some set of communicative purposes.
Bhatia(1993)：A recognizable communicative event characterized by a set of communicative purposes identified and mutually understood by the members of the professional academic community in which it regularly occurs. Most often it is highly structured and conventionalized.
名词化不但增加了词汇密度，而且使得新信息变成旧信息， 更使得更新的信息被介绍进来。层层深入，直达核心，越 来越具体，象剥洋葱。
P6集成引用、非集成引用、施事、盖然性 引用是指在论文的某些章节（例如在文献回顾、讨论部分），
要提到某个研究者，并引用这位研究者所说过的一句话或 理论主张，或下的定义，或研究发现。 集成引用指的是在论文里直接提到作者。下面的Chomsky 的例子就是。再如, Swales(1990) stated that , (P92，第 8段第4行、第15段第3行 ），当作者重要时. 非集成引用指的是不直接提及作者，而是注释一下，例如放 在句末括号里，或标注（P15第1段第3、5、7行），当作 者不重要时 。 施事，agent：指做某件事的人，与受事recipient对应。被 动态中的施事指的是被动句中动作的发出者，例如：As is suggested by Chomsky(1965).这句中的Chomsky就 是一个施事。 盖然性, 或然性，probability: 数学概念，指某种情况的发生 概率不是100%，而是处于0-1之间(若为no，则是0，若为yes，则是1， 处于两者之间的就是probably) 。在书中此处意思是过去时和现 在完成时的使用不是完全非此即彼，文中用了“比较普 遍”，“多使用”等词表示。Mostly, usually, sometimes, always， maybe,
《英语专业毕业论文写作》PPT课件
2021/3/9
授课：XXX
10
论文中的引文信度：时效、数据
National Crime Victimization Survey data (?) show that both crimes aimed at property and crimes against persons decline. And in 1998 the FBI data showed that the murder rate was the lowest in the past 30 years.
They would like to marry a man for live without any passion. Their marriages are unhappy. They are looked down by their husbands and submitted to them without respect.
Sometimes one officer has been her favorite and sometimes another. On the other hand, Wickham did not really love her and had no intention to marry her.
The youngest daughter Lydia eloped with Wickham was come as a surprise to us in the story. As Mrs. Bennet's favorite daughter, Lydia was empty-headed, idle and enjoyed searching of the officers in Merydon. Wickham is one of them. She cannot resist his sweet words and go off with him.
英语学术论文写作引言ppt
e.g.1：
This paper is organized as follows.
e.g.2：
In this paper, we adopt an IA scheme for SISO transmission……
Present Perfect Tense
When describing recent advances in a certain research field, or aiming to emphasize the impact of something happening recently on the present, you are suggested to use present perfect tense.
How to Write the Introduction
Group Members:
目录
➢ 1、引言及其作用 ➢ 2、如何写引言 ➢ 3、引言部分的语言特征 ➢ 4、总结
1.引言及其作用
➢ 1.1 什么是引言 ➢ 1.2 为什么要写引言 ➢ 1.3 引言的作用 ➢ 1.4 何时写引言
What is Introduction?
The function of Introduction
To answer the basic questions
What
Why
How
What is the subject about ?
Why I (we) carried out the experiment, that is to say, what is the problem?
e.g.1： In this paper, we adopt an IA scheme for SISO transmission, and we
This paper is organized as follows.
e.g.2：
In this paper, we adopt an IA scheme for SISO transmission……
Present Perfect Tense
When describing recent advances in a certain research field, or aiming to emphasize the impact of something happening recently on the present, you are suggested to use present perfect tense.
How to Write the Introduction
Group Members:
目录
➢ 1、引言及其作用 ➢ 2、如何写引言 ➢ 3、引言部分的语言特征 ➢ 4、总结
1.引言及其作用
➢ 1.1 什么是引言 ➢ 1.2 为什么要写引言 ➢ 1.3 引言的作用 ➢ 1.4 何时写引言
What is Introduction?
The function of Introduction
To answer the basic questions
What
Why
How
What is the subject about ?
Why I (we) carried out the experiment, that is to say, what is the problem?
e.g.1： In this paper, we adopt an IA scheme for SISO transmission, and we
02科学英语论文写作导论(精美PPT)
Prototypical TR MS 理论研究型论文的典型结构
• Abstract
• Introduction - Overall thesis statement, hypothesis that is to be proved in the article, the justification for the need to prove this, etc
我们对大数据越来越有兴趣。(Big Data)
2024年3月20日星期三8时55分36秒
我们对大数据越来越有兴趣。 1. We’re more and more interested in Big Data. 2. We have more and more interest in Big Data. 3. We are increasingly interested in Big Data. 4. There is growing interest in Big Data. 5. Big Data has attracted increasing interest. 6. Increasing interest has emerged in Big Data. 7. Growing interest has been directed to Big Data. 8. Increasing attention has been focused on Big Data.
• Empirical data (实验数据): No empirical data involved
• Disciplines: Literary Research, Mathematics, Philosophy, Theoretical Linguistics, etc.
英语学术论文写作 ppt课件
meaning and theme, thus striking the reader as having some deliberate and
unique artistic values in the novel and reinforce the theme of the novel with an
• William Faulkner (1897-1962 )
• TOPIC
• The repetition of certain nouns in the sound and the fury
• QUESTION
• What is the function of repetition in the novel?
学士论文的结构
• TITLE • ABSTRACT • ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS • CONTENTS • LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES (IF ANY) • INTRODUCTION • MAIN BODY • CONCLUSION • BIBLIOGRAPHY • APPENDICES ( IF ANY)
important.
• 优：because solvent reorganization is a potential contributor, the selection of data is very
important.
• B) 用“AND” 或 “OR” 时含义要明确，避免用斜线符号（/）。 • 劣：hot / cold extremes will damage the samples. • 优：hot and cold extremes will damage the samples.
• THESIS
unique artistic values in the novel and reinforce the theme of the novel with an
• William Faulkner (1897-1962 )
• TOPIC
• The repetition of certain nouns in the sound and the fury
• QUESTION
• What is the function of repetition in the novel?
学士论文的结构
• TITLE • ABSTRACT • ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS • CONTENTS • LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES (IF ANY) • INTRODUCTION • MAIN BODY • CONCLUSION • BIBLIOGRAPHY • APPENDICES ( IF ANY)
important.
• 优：because solvent reorganization is a potential contributor, the selection of data is very
important.
• B) 用“AND” 或 “OR” 时含义要明确，避免用斜线符号（/）。 • 劣：hot / cold extremes will damage the samples. • 优：hot and cold extremes will damage the samples.
• THESIS
英语专业论文写作ppt课件
• Outline
• I. There has been a heated debate on Wang Meng’s literary techniques, the point at issue being whether the author is flouting or enriching the Chinese way of novel writing by using the stream-of-consciousness technique.
.
7
常见的毕业论文分类标准
• 1. 根据学位等级的不同，毕业论文可分为学士学位论文、硕士学位论文和博 士学位论文。这里所讨论的是本科生的毕业论文，即学士学位论文。
• 2. 根据专业的内容和性质的不同，毕业论文可分为两大类：社会科学类毕业 论文和自然科学类毕业论文。
• 3. 根据研究方法的不同，毕业论文可分为理论性论文、实验性论文、描述性 论文和设计性论文。后三种论文主要是理工科大学生可以选择的论文形式。 文科大学生一般写的是理论性论文。理论性论文具体又可分成两种：一种是 以纯粹的抽象理论为研究对象，其研究方法是严密的理论推导和数学运算， 有的也涉及实验与观测，用以验证论点的正确性。另一种是以对客观事物和 现象的调查、考察所得观测资料以及有关文献资料数据为研究对象，其研究 方法是对有关资料进行分析、综合、概括、抽象，通过归纳、演绎、类比， 提出某种新的理论和新的见解。
.
3
• 标题（及副标题）：
• The Stream-of-consciousness Technique in Wang Meng’s The Butterfly
• (as seen through a comparison with Virginia Woolfs’s To the Lighthouse)
• I. There has been a heated debate on Wang Meng’s literary techniques, the point at issue being whether the author is flouting or enriching the Chinese way of novel writing by using the stream-of-consciousness technique.
.
7
常见的毕业论文分类标准
• 1. 根据学位等级的不同，毕业论文可分为学士学位论文、硕士学位论文和博 士学位论文。这里所讨论的是本科生的毕业论文，即学士学位论文。
• 2. 根据专业的内容和性质的不同，毕业论文可分为两大类：社会科学类毕业 论文和自然科学类毕业论文。
• 3. 根据研究方法的不同，毕业论文可分为理论性论文、实验性论文、描述性 论文和设计性论文。后三种论文主要是理工科大学生可以选择的论文形式。 文科大学生一般写的是理论性论文。理论性论文具体又可分成两种：一种是 以纯粹的抽象理论为研究对象，其研究方法是严密的理论推导和数学运算， 有的也涉及实验与观测，用以验证论点的正确性。另一种是以对客观事物和 现象的调查、考察所得观测资料以及有关文献资料数据为研究对象，其研究 方法是对有关资料进行分析、综合、概括、抽象，通过归纳、演绎、类比， 提出某种新的理论和新的见解。
.
3
• 标题（及副标题）：
• The Stream-of-consciousness Technique in Wang Meng’s The Butterfly
• (as seen through a comparison with Virginia Woolfs’s To the Lighthouse)
05科技英语论文写作方法(精美PPT)
• The corpus (the collection of articles, i.e., language data) carries a total of 1,423,131 words.
• The authors identified three major moves.
– Contextualizing study methods – Describing the study
• It may be a good point for you to begin
writing your manuscript.
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A quotation from medical research
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• “Method” section is the integral part of a paper to judge the validity of the study;
4. Location 5. Procedure 6. Limitations 7. Data analysis
The moves do NOT
necessarily appear in the order
given.
Adapted from Peacock, 2011
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.
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Moves
1. Overview 2. Research aims or questions/hypotheses 3. Subjects or materials
英语论文写作主体段落写作课件
Transitional relationship
In the main paragraph, the transitional relationship refers to the logical opposition or contradiction between sentences. This relationship is usually used to emphasize a certain viewpoint or fact, deepening the reader's impression through comparison or contrast.
Fluency
Express your thoughts clearly and smoothly Avoid redundancy and use a variety of presence structures to enhance readability
Coherence
Employee a range of presence types, including simple presence, complex presence, and compound presence
Use a variety of vocabulary and syntax to avoid repetition and enhance the wealth of your writing
Variability
Diversity
Notes on writing the main paragraph
谢谢
THANKS
In the main paragraph, causal reasoning is used to illustrate the process by which one event or action leads to another event or result. It supports the argument by demonstrating the relationship between cause and effect, and strengthens the persuasiveness of the argument with appropriate evidence and reasoning.
英语专业写作课件ppt
Variety in presence length and structure
Use short, medium, and long senses to create interest and momentum in your writing
Introduction, body, and conclusion
02
Plot
Setting : Describe the setting vividly, painting a mental picture for the reader
01
Poetry writing
02
Meter : Use rhyme, rhyme, and meter effectively
CHAPTER
02
Advanced English Writing
01
02
03
Results
Presents the findings and analysis
Conclusion
Wraps up the paper, summarizing the main points and implications
CHAPTER
01
Fundamentals of English Writing
Correct usage of articles
Distinguish between "a," "an," and "the" and use them appropriately in your writing
+Reorganize attention: Ensure attention flow logically and are not jumbled or out of order
《英文科技论文写作》课件
To develop students' ability to write academic and well structured English scientific papers
Fundamentals of Scientific and Technical Paper Writing
Title page
Use formal language
Check for grammar, spelling and punctuation errors before submitting the paper
Proofread and edit
Use the active voice to make the text more consensus and direct
Environmental science papers often include sections on the introduction, methods, results, discussion, and conclusion
Common Problems and Countermeasures in Writing Scientific Papers
Introduction: The introduction should set the stage for the research by providing a brief overview of the field, the research question, and the importance of the study It should be written in a way that is understandable to non specialties
06科技英语论文写作引言和文章综述(精美PPT)
2024年4月8日星期一4时50分4秒
Language points in Move 3
• Points learned:
− Make clear the transition between Move 2 and 3 by beginning the sentence with a phrase that suggests to the reader you’re going to respond to the niche created (e.g., “To address this problem,”).
7
Assignment
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Where is the introduction/LR section located?
In theses and dissertations or
In research papers
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How long should the introduction section be?
Sorry! There is no definite answer to this question.
Find the most authoritative papers
in your field and imitate
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Which of the shapes best demonstrates the structure of a research introduction?
3. Language points in Move 1, 2, 3
2024年4月8日星期一4时50分4秒
Language points in Move 1
Language points in Move 3
• Points learned:
− Make clear the transition between Move 2 and 3 by beginning the sentence with a phrase that suggests to the reader you’re going to respond to the niche created (e.g., “To address this problem,”).
7
Assignment
2024年4月8日星期一4时50分3秒
Where is the introduction/LR section located?
In theses and dissertations or
In research papers
2024年4月8日星期一4时50分3秒
How long should the introduction section be?
Sorry! There is no definite answer to this question.
Find the most authoritative papers
in your field and imitate
2024年4月8日星期一4时50分3秒
Which of the shapes best demonstrates the structure of a research introduction?
3. Language points in Move 1, 2, 3
2024年4月8日星期一4时50分4秒
Language points in Move 1
《英语议论文写作》课件
运用修辞手法，如比喻和夸张， 增加文笔的生动性。
使用逻辑推理来展示清晰而有 条理的思维。
道德考虑
诚信原则
遵守诚实和诚信的写作原则，维护学术道德。
平衡立场
在辩论中保持平衡，充分考虑不同观点。
尊重他人
避免使用冒犯性语言或攻击他人的观点。
成功的议论文范例
1
语言表达
展示一个语言流畅、条理清晰的范例。
2
论点支持
3
推翻错误观点
通过提供更准确的事实和证据来推翻 错误观点。
写作困惑归纳
1 常见错误
避免常见的写作错误， 提高论文质量。
2 争议话题
处理有争议的话题时的 写作技巧和注意事项。
3 引起兴趣
吸引和保持读者的兴趣 的一些技巧。
写作技巧与策略
说服技巧
使用有说服力的词汇和句子结 构来增强论点。
修辞手法
逻辑推理
问答和与讲师讨论
最后的问答环节，参与者可以提问并与讲师及其他学习者进行讨论。
范例中使用了多种支持论点的方法。
3
结构组织
范例展示了正确的论文结构和段落组织。
进一步提高
1 资源推荐
2 自我修正
了解更多关于写作有说服力的论文的资源。
学习自我编辑和修正论文的技巧。
3 写作社区
参与写作社区，和其他学习者交流和分享经验。
总结和回顾
回顾本课程中涵盖的重点内容，并强调写作有说服力的论文的重要性。
《英语议论文写作》PPT 课件
本PPT课件将引导您了解写作有说服力的论文的基本技巧，包括针对不同目 的和受众的写作策略、构建强有力的段落、使用有效的语言、以及应对反驳 等。让我们开始吧！
了解写作有说服力的论文
英语议论文写作课件课件(共15张)
阐述作者的观点：
As far as I’m concerned, … I hold the view that …
写作框架
1.点明主题+ 过渡句
2.详细对比--介绍正方观点+进一步介绍正方
观点；介绍反方观点+进一步介绍反方观点
3.阐述作者的观点
Pattern
There is a discussion about/on ______.
Should students make friends on line ?
Some people are for it .The internet helps make many friends .Chatting on line ,students can more freely express their ideas, and even get help with their foreign language studies . H__o_w_e_v_e_r__， others are against it .They say making friends on line is a waste of time ,which will have a bad influence on study. _B_e_s_id_e_s_ ,some students get cheated on line.
转折 though/although/but/ however/despite/…
对比类 on the contrary/on the other hand
递进强调 besides/what’s more/
in addition/to make matters worse/what’s worse…
英语议论文写作指导(共26张PPT)
Use proper grammar and Ensurpe uthnatcytouurasetnitoennces
are grammatically correct and use appropriate punctuation marks to clarify your meaning.
How to maintain clear and concise language
Use persuasive phrases
Use phrases that are designed to persuade your reader. For example, you can use phrases like "it is evident that," "it is clear that," or "there is no doubt that" to strengthen your argument.
定义
Argumentative essay，又称议论性文章，是一种阐述观点、论证论题的写作形式。 其主要目的是通过逻辑推理和事实证据来支持或反驳某一观点，从而说服读者。
重要性
Argumentative essays在学术和日常生活中都非常重要。在学术领域，它们是 评估学生批判性思维和表达能力的重要方式。在日常生活中，良好的议论文写作 能力有助于我们清晰地表达观点，说服他人，以及解决问题。
supporting your overall argument.
03
The arguments of argumentative essays
How to use facts and data as evidence
《英语专业毕业论文》PPT课件
23
说。
2021/6/20
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教学实践设计的环节和要求
项目评估 － 学习并运用评估的手段，对项目 的实施及结果进行评估。要尊重事实，忌主 观夸大成效。
项目报告 －4000字左右符合要求的论文，提 供所使用分析问题的方法、项目实施过程的 原始资料、问卷等。
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教学实践设计的时间
共12周
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导师的资格与职责
导师需具有英语专业讲师以上职称，熟悉电大 英语教学业务
明确教学实践设计的目的和要求，并熟悉具体 指导过程
根据要求提供必要的指导和咨询，但并非包办 代替。
审阅教学实践设计过程中的原始记录即实践研 究报告并提出改进意见。
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导师的职责
对整个实施过程真实性把关，严禁抄袭，对 拒绝改正者向主管部门汇报。
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第一次辅导
介绍整个流程（问题分析、方案设计、项目 实施、项目评估、研究报告）。
检查学生是否通读教材，因此项关系教学实 践设计的质量。
开题指导－要有针对性，具体到各阶段。 填写“指导过程记录表”，包括学生阶段任
务完成情况、态度、评语及导师指导情况等。
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针对学习兴趣，如：如何针对淘气或厌学学 生培养他们的学习主动性和学习兴趣等。
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题目的设计
科学合理的题目一般涵盖理论与研究课题两部 分
长度适宜 注意大小写、动词的名物化
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题目的斟酌 （举例）
↓ 1）Teaching Methodology ↓ 2) Learners and Teaching Methodology ↓ 3) Young Learners and Teaching
英语学术论文写作引言课件
Technical vocabulary
Specialized vocabulary and jargon are often used to discuss academic concepts, ensuring clarity and precision in communication
Complex presence structure
Course content
The course covers the essential elements of academic writing, including the structure, language, and formatting of academic papers
Course delivery The course is delivered through a combination of lectures, workshops, and online resources to ensure a comprehensive learning experience
Research Design
Data Collection
Determine the most appropriate research design for your topic, considering its exploration, descriptive, or explanatory nature
Writing • Epilogue
01
Introduction
Course Introduction
Course objectives
This course aims to provide students with the knowledge and skills required to write high quality academic papers in English
英语议论文写作课件
倒装句
省略句
with短语
各种名词性从句
定语从句
e.g. In my opinion, cyber cafes should be a place where we can find much useful information. Let’s come to the main teaching building, at the back of which stands the school library.
A good essay is usually made up of a topic paragraph, some supporting paragraphs and a concluding paragraph.
To many students, school life is boring and tiring. However, I find my school life meaningful and colourful.
From what has been discussed above, we may draw the conclusion that ...
In summary, it is wiser ...
The paragraph
What makes a good paragraph?
A good paragraph is one that consists of a topic sentence and supporting sentences.
（二）义词的使用
英语中有些词的使用频率非常高，比如interesting, clever等，在表达时大家都很喜欢用，这样很容易令文章入千人一面的窘境中。但如果我们能够使用它们相应的同义词，就可以做到与众不同，给评卷者带来清新的感觉nteresting.
省略句
with短语
各种名词性从句
定语从句
e.g. In my opinion, cyber cafes should be a place where we can find much useful information. Let’s come to the main teaching building, at the back of which stands the school library.
A good essay is usually made up of a topic paragraph, some supporting paragraphs and a concluding paragraph.
To many students, school life is boring and tiring. However, I find my school life meaningful and colourful.
From what has been discussed above, we may draw the conclusion that ...
In summary, it is wiser ...
The paragraph
What makes a good paragraph?
A good paragraph is one that consists of a topic sentence and supporting sentences.
（二）义词的使用
英语中有些词的使用频率非常高，比如interesting, clever等，在表达时大家都很喜欢用，这样很容易令文章入千人一面的窘境中。但如果我们能够使用它们相应的同义词，就可以做到与众不同，给评卷者带来清新的感觉nteresting.
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毕业论文写作各阶段
• 毕业论文写作一般分为选题、开题报告、资料搜集、拟定提纲、论文撰写、 论文答辩等六个阶段。
• 1）选题 • 就英语专业毕业论文而言，课题的选择面较广，以专业方向来划分，主要有
文学类、语言与语言学研究类、语言教学研究类、国际关系研究类、跨文化 研究类、翻译研究类等方面的课题可供选择。学生可以根据自身的实际情况 （如个人的兴趣爱好、专业特长等）自主地选择课题作为自己的研究对象； 同时，为了保证所选课题符合科学性、可行性等基本要求，因此应在教师的 指导下对所选课题进行充分研究和论证，最终来确定毕业论文的题目。
• II. The steam-of-consciousness technique is a literary technique widely used in twentieth-century fiction.
• A. The stream-of –consciousness technique attempts to represent the thoughts of a character as they flow through his of her mind without regard to .logical argument or narrative 4
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• 3）资料搜集 • 资料搜集应以所选题目为中心，通过多种途径和
方法，尽可能广泛地获取和占有与课题研究有关 的资料。同时，指导教师应引导学生对这些资料 仔细阅读，根据选题的实际需要，运用宏观筛选 和微观精选相结合的方法，对有关资料进行综合 提炼，为有效地使用好资料打下坚实的基础。 • 4）拟定提纲 • 这是论文写作的必要准备阶段，为了使论文中心 突出、层次明晰、逻辑严密、内容详略得当，学 生应在教师的指导下，用简明扼要的语言，从谋 篇布局的宏观角度，对论文加以整体规划，勾勒 出文章的基本框架。
毕业论文的特点和基本要求
• 1．毕业论文的特点 • 本科英语专业毕业论文作为学术论文的一种形式，具有学术性、科学
性、规范性和创新性的特点。 • 学术性（scholarly）是毕业论文的本质属性。 • 科学性（scientific）指科研成果的形式是以科学的世界观和方法论为
指导，以科学的理论和客观的材料为基础，用严谨的科学态度去分析 材料、总结规律、得出结论。 • 规范性（formal）指毕业论文必须有一定的规范、一定的范式和一定 的格式。 • 创新性（original）指论文作者能用新的视角和方法分析研究材料、提 出新的看法，做出新的结论。 • 2．毕业论文的基本要求 • 1）毕业论文要用英文撰写，语言正确规范，通顺得体。 • 2）毕业论文要在指导教师的指导下按时独立完成。 • 3）毕业论文的篇幅不得少于3,000个英文单词。 • 4）毕业论文的写作必须坚持学术上的诚实（academic honesty）， 杜绝剽窃。
• 2）开题报告
• 该阶段对毕业论文写作具有非同寻常的意义，甚至可以说直接关系到整个论 文工作的成败。古人云：“凡事豫则立，不豫则废。”这里“豫”（即预） 就是指事先计划。因此，学生应在指导教师帮助下，对报告的各部分内容及 要求加以认真思考，结合自己所选题目的特征，写出较为科学合理、切实可 行的开题报告，从而保证有条不紊、按部就班地进行毕业论文写作工作，可 以让自己少走甚至不走弯路。具体来说，英语专业毕业论文的开题报告包括： 选题的意义、具体步骤、使用方法、主要目的、时间安排、参考文献等内容， 字数一般为500-1000字，用英语撰写。
• 基本论点：
• Thesis: By using the stream-of-consciousness technique, Wang Meng is enriching the Chinese way of novel writing rather than flouting it.
• 内容纲要：
• A. Similarities between Wang Meng and Virginia Woolf can be seen in three respects: subject mater, disappearance of the author, and treatment of time.
• III. As writers utilizing the stream-of-consciousness technique, Wang Meng and Virginia Woolf share certain characteristics of form while differ in their ways of looking at the inner reality and developing a plot.
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• 标题（及副标题）：
• The Stream-of-consciousness Technique in Wang Meng’s The Butterfly
• (as seen through a comparison with Virginia Woolfs’s To the Lighthouse)
• Outline
• I. There has been a heated debate on Wang Meng’s literary techniques, the point at issue being whether the author is flouting or enriching the Chinese way of novel writing by using the stream-of-consciousness technique.
• B. Differences between the two authors are obvious.
• 1. While Virginia Woolf holds that the inner reality is more important, Wang Meng places more stress on the outer world.