自考英语词汇学 第二章课件教学提纲

❖ 2 - The Indo-European is one of them. It
is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East, and India. 印欧 语就是其中之一。该语系包括欧洲的大多数 语言、近东诸语言和古梵语。
Albanian are each the only modern
language respectively. The Balto-Slavic
comprises such modern languages as
Prussian, Lithuanian, Polish, Czech,
Bulgarian, Slovenian and Russian. 在东部诸语族中，亚美尼亚-阿尔巴尼亚语族 都只留下今天的亚美尼亚语和阿尔巴尼亚语。 波罗的海-斯拉夫语族包括普鲁士语，立陶宛 语，波兰语，捷克语，保加利亚语，斯洛文 尼亚语和俄语等。
❖ 3 - They accordingly fall into eight
principal groups, which can be grouped
into an Eastern set: Balto-Slavic , Indo-
Iranian , Armenian and Albanian ; a
英语词汇学
Chapter 2 The development of the
English Vocabulary 英语词汇的发展
2.1 The Indo-European language family 印欧语系
❖ 1 - It is assumed that the world has approximately 3, 000 (some put it 5, 000 ) languages, which can be grouped into roughly 300 language families on the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar. 据估计，世界上约 有 3 000 多种（有人认为 5 000 种 ）语言， 这些语言可以根据他们的基本词汇和语法的 相似性大致划分为 300 个谱系。
❖ If we say that Old English was a language of full endings. Middle English was one of leveled endings. 如果说古英语是全词尾的话，那么中古英 语的词尾已去了一半
❖ 5 - In the Indo-Iranian we have Persian. Bengali, Hindi, Romany, the last three of which are derived from the dead language Sanskrit.
印度-伊朗语族语族波斯语，孟加拉国语，印 地语，吉普赛语，后 3 门语言来源于已经消 亡的古梵语。
Western set: Celtic, Italic, Hellenic,
Germanic.
这些语族相应地分为 8 大
语族，这 8 大语族又可分为东部诸语族。东
部诸语族有波罗的海-斯拉夫语族，印 度-伊
朗语族，亚美尼亚-阿尔巴尼亚语族; 西部诸
语族有凯尔特语族，意大利语族，希腊语族，
日耳曼语族。
❖ 4 - In the Eastern set, Armenian and
❖ 2.2.2 Middle English (1150-1500) -中古英语
❖ Although there were borrowings from Latin, the influence on English was mainly Germanic. 虽然英语也从拉丁语中借词，但影响英语的主要还 是日耳曼语。
❖ Between 1250 and 1500 about 9000 words of French origin poured into English. Seventy-five percent of them are still in use today.从 1250 年 到 1500 年的 250 年间，大约有 9000 个法语词汇 进入到英语中，其中 75%仍在使用。
Norwegian, Icelandic, Danish and Swedish, which are generally known as Scandinavian languages. Then there is German, Dutch, Flemish and English. 日耳曼语族包括 4 门北欧语言：挪威语，冰 岛语，丹麦语和瑞典语，这 4 门语言统称为 斯堪的纳维亚 语。其次是德语，荷兰语，佛 兰芒语和英语。
❖ 6 - In the Western set, Greek isБайду номын сангаасthe
modern language derived from Hellenic. 在西部诸语族中，现代希腊语来源于古希腊 语族。
❖ 7 - The Germanic family consists of the four Northern European Languages:
2.2 A Historical Overview of the English Vocabulary 英语词汇历史概述
❖ 2.2.1 Old English (450-1150) 古英语
❖ Anglo-Saxon as Old English. Old English has a vocabulary of about 50, 000 to 60, 000 words. It was a highly inflected language just like moderm German. 盎格鲁-撒克逊语被称为古英语。古英语约有 50000 至 60000 词汇。而且也和现代德语一 样是一门典型的屈折语。