自考英语词汇学 第二章课件教学提纲
英语词汇学教学大纲(最新完整版)
英语词汇学教学大纲(最新完整版)英语词汇学教学大纲英语词汇学是一门研究英语词汇的学科，旨在帮助学生了解英语词汇的构成、发展和运用。
本大纲旨在帮助学生掌握英语词汇的基本概念、方法和技巧，提高他们的英语词汇水平。
一、课程目标本课程的目标是让学生掌握英语词汇的基本概念、方法和技巧，提高他们的英语词汇水平，并能够在实际生活中运用所学知识。
二、教学内容本课程的教学内容包括以下几个方面：1.英语词汇的基本概念：包括词义、词性、词形等方面的基础知识。
2.英语词汇的构成：包括词根、词缀、合成词等方面的基础知识。
3.英语词汇的发展：包括新词、新义的涌现以及旧词的消亡等方面的基础知识。
4.英语词汇的运用：包括同义词、反义词、近义词等方面的基础知识。
5.英语词汇的学习方法：包括记忆、分类、联想等方面的基础知识。
三、教学方法本课程采用多种教学方法，包括讲授、讨论、练习等，以帮助学生更好地掌握所学知识。
四、考核方式本课程的考核方式为闭卷考试，包括选择题、填空题、翻译题和写作题等题型。
英语副词教学大纲模板____英语副词教学大纲________课程目标____：本课程的目标是让学生全面掌握英语副词的用法，理解它们在句子中的角色和影响，以及如何正确地使用副词来表达丰富、精确的情感和含义。
____课程主题____：1.副词的基本定义和用法2.副词的分类（时间、地点、程度、方式等）3.副词的比较级和最高级形式4.副词的运用语境5.副词的选用原则____课程结构和活动____：本课程将采用讲座、练习、案例分析和小组讨论等多种方式进行。
每周安排两次讲座，涵盖副词的不同主题；每天进行适量的练习，通过各种形式的活动让学生熟悉副词的用法；每两周进行一次案例分析，让学生在实际语境中理解和应用副词；最后，每一个月进行一次小组讨论，让学生分享学习心得和互相学习。
____评估和学习反馈____：课程的评估将通过学生的作业、练习和小组讨论的表现来进行。
Lecture 2《英语词汇学》第二章教案
Lecture 2English Vocabulary：A Historical Perspective计划学时：2 periods教学方法：传统讲授法参考资料：《英语词汇学教程》、《英语词汇学》教学目的和要求：通过本单元的学习，让学生对英语词汇的形成和发展有初步的了解。
教学重点：1) The Indo-European Language Family;2) A Historical Overview of the English V ocabulary.教学难点：1) The language family English belongs to;2) Growth of present-day English vocabulary.1. The Eight Language Families in the WorldIt is assumed that the world has approximately 5,615 languages. And on the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar, they can be grouped into roughly the following language families: Sino-Tibetan (汉藏语系), Indo-European (印欧语系),Semito-Hamitic (闪含语系), Bantu (班图语系), Uralic (乌拉尔语系), Altaic (阿尔泰语系),Malaya-Polynesian (马来—波利尼西亚语系)and Indian (印第安语系).2. Indo-European language familyAnd Indo-European language family falls into eight principal groups: Indo-Iranian group (印度-伊朗语族); Slavic (斯拉夫语族- Russian and Polish ); Armenian (亚美尼亚语族); Hellenic (古希腊语族); Italic (意大利语族); Celtic (凯尔特语族); Albanian (阿尔巴尼亚语族); Germanic (日尔曼语族).3. Germanic Language GroupGermanic, which consists of three branches: North Germanic, East Germanic, and West Germanic. The North Germanic branch is the linguistic ancestor of modern Scandinavian languages, viz (即). Danish, Icelandic, Norwegian and Swedish. The East Germanic developed into Gothic (哥特语，现已不复存在). The West Germanic branch developed into Modern German, Dutch, Frisian（弗里斯兰语，荷兰西北部）and English.4. A Historical Overview of the English Vocabulary※①Britons: The early inhabitants of the land we now call England were Britons, a tribe of Celts. From the Britons the island got its name of Britain, ‘ the land of Britons ’. The Britons were a primitive people living in the tribal society. They weredivided into dozens of small tribes, each of which lived in aclustering of huts. Their languages were dialects of still another branch of the Indo-European--Celtic.②Latin: The second major language known in England was the Latin of the Roman Legions. In 55 BC, the Romans invaded the Britain under the commander of Julius Caesar, the great Roman general, and for nearly 400 years Britain was under the Romanoccupation.When the Roman empire began to crumble, the Germanic tribes came in. As the invading tribes (Angles, Saxons and Jutes) took over and settled in Britain, the Celtic languages gradually retreated. As a result, Celtic made only a small contribution to the English vocabulary with such words as crag, bin and a number of place names like Avon, Kent, London, Themes.English Vocabulary：A Historical Perspective⏹The history of the English language is divided into three periods.⏹The Old English (450-1100)⏹The Middle English (1066-1500)⏹The Modern English (1500-present)(1)The Old English (449-1066)After the Romans, the Germanic tribes called Angles, Saxons and Jutes came in great numbers. Soon they took permanent control of the land, which was to be called England-- the land of Angles ’’ (盎格鲁人之岛). Their language, historically known as Anglo-Saxon (盎格鲁—萨克逊语), now people generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as Old English.Old English has a vocabulary of about 50,000 to 60,000 words. About 85% of Old English words are no longer in use. Many words can not be recognized as still part of modern English vocabulary, some we may have made some connection with modern Englishvocabulary, taking some words used in Old English poem Beowulf, the most important work of Old English, a s example: ealle—all; ond—and; giganta—giant; lange—long; Gode—God; wis(wis)—with; mann---man; hus—house; weall—wall.Old English was a highly inflectional language just like modern German. Nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs had complex endings or vowel changes.(2) Middle English:1066—1500Old English began to undergo a great change when the Normans invaded English from France in 1066. Until then, although there were borrowings from Latin, the influence on English was mainly Germanic.But the Norman Conquest started a continual flow of French words into English. Between 1250 and 1500 about 9000 words of French origin poured into English. 75% of them are still in use today. We can find words relating to every aspects of human society, e.g. government, social scales, law, religion, moral matters, military affairs, food, fashion and so on. Words such as: state, government, power, prince, duke, judge, court, crime, angel, mercy, peace, battle, fry, roast, dress, coat are just a few in frequent use.1066年法国诺曼（底）人入侵英国，英国人是被征服人，但没有被斩尽杀绝，而是被降为下等公民。
自考英语词汇学教案
自考英语词汇学教案一、教学目标1、让学生了解英语词汇学的基本概念和重要性。
2、帮助学生掌握词汇的构成、词义的演变、词汇的分类等基础知识。
3、培养学生运用词汇学知识来提高英语词汇学习和运用的能力。
二、教学重难点1、重点词汇的构成方式，如派生、合成、转化等。
词义的变化，包括词义的扩大、缩小和转移。
词汇的分类，如基本词汇、一般词汇、外来词汇等。
2、难点理解一些较为抽象的词汇学概念。
灵活运用词汇学知识解决实际的词汇学习问题。
三、教学方法1、讲授法系统地讲解词汇学的理论知识，使学生对词汇学有一个全面的认识。
2、案例分析法通过实际的词汇例子，帮助学生理解词汇学的概念和规律。
3、练习法布置相关的练习题，让学生巩固所学的知识，提高应用能力。
四、教学过程1、导入（约 10 分钟）同学们，我先给大家讲个事儿。
有一次我去超市买东西，看到一个外国友人在挑选水果，他想要买苹果，但是不知道怎么说，就一直在比划。
旁边的售货员也很着急，不明白他到底想要什么。
最后还是我用英语跟他交流，解决了这个问题。
通过这件事，我就发现啊，掌握足够的英语词汇是多么重要。
而咱们这门英语词汇学，就是要帮助大家更好地理解和掌握英语词汇，让咱们在使用英语的时候更加得心应手。
2、知识讲解（约 40 分钟）（1）词汇学的基本概念解释什么是词汇学，以及它在英语学习中的地位和作用。
举例说明词汇学与日常生活、学习和工作的密切关系。
（2）词汇的构成详细讲解派生、合成、转化这三种主要的构词方式。
比如“unhappy”就是在“happy”前面加上“un”这个前缀构成的，意思就变成了“不开心的”；“classroom”是由“class”和“room”两个单词合成的，就是“教室”的意思；“water”这个词既可以作名词“水”，又可以作动词“浇水”，这就是转化。
（3）词义的演变介绍词义扩大、缩小和转移的概念和例子。
像“bird”这个词，原本指的是“幼鸟”，后来词义扩大，泛指“鸟”；“meat”过去指“食物”，现在词义缩小，只指“肉类”；“coach”最初是“马车”的意思，现在转移为“教练”。
《英语词汇学》课程教学大纲
《英语词汇学》课程教学大纲课程编码：30615008 学分： 2 总学时：36说明【课程性质】《英语词汇学》为英语专业的专业任意选修课程。
【教学目的】本课程是英语专业高年级阶段的一门专业任意选修课。
本课程的教学目的在于要求学生掌握英语词汇学的基本知识和基本理论，从而更科学地学习英语词汇，运用词汇学中所学到的基本知识和理论来分析和理解英语词汇，正确地使用英语词汇。
【教学任务】《英语词汇学》以帮助学生扩大词汇量，有效运用英语词汇；更深入的理解词义，更有效的组织划分和贮存词汇；增强学生对词义和用法的了解，使学生准确使用词汇；使学生掌握使用参考书的技能，增加解决问题的能力和学习英语的有效性；提高学生的语言接受能力和语言使用能力为教学任务。
【教学内容】词的基本知识、英语的亲属关系与英语词汇的形成和发展、词的形态结构和构成方法、词的意义、语义关系、词义的演变、英语习语、英语词典【教学原则和方法】教学原则：本课程采用张维友编写的《英语词汇学教程》（华中师范大学出版社）为主要教材，在教学过程中坚持以学生为主体，教师为指导的原则，以教材为中心，并适时地向学生介绍英语词汇学的研究动态和最新方向，让学生对词汇学有一个全面系统的了解。
教学方法：在教学过程中，采用论述式、概述式和指引式讲解相结合对教学内容的新信息点、重点、难点进行论述式讲解，深入浅出地详述理论原理，用恰当的例证加以说明，以此帮助学生充分理解理论知识。
对容易懂的内容则进行简明扼要地讲解。
教学中以学习指定的教材为主，适当穿插一些相关的信息材料。
通过对英语词汇学中相关的概念即理论知识的学习和理解，要求学生尽量独立完成教材各部分后面所附的练习，必要时教师可给予适当的指导。
教学手段主要是抽取各部分中的精华部分进行讲解，并适时地采用专题讨论的方式进行学习。
【先修课程要求】要求学生具备英语语音、英语语法、基础英语、英语阅读、英语写作以及翻译等课程知识。
教材：张维友《英语词汇学教程》华中师范大学出版社，2004年。
英语词汇学第二章课件
geographical distribution, the surviving languages of Indo-European language family fall into 10 principal groups, which can be grouped into an Eastern set and Western set.
of English;
• Let students know the growth of contemporary
English vocabulary and the modes of vocabulary development
➢ Teaching focus:
• the Indo-European language family • three phases of the historical development • general characteristics of English • three sources of contemporary English vocabulary • modes of vocabulary development
➢ Russian俄罗斯语
2. Indo-Iranian印伊语族 ➢ Persian波斯语 ➢ Bengali 孟加拉语 ➢ Hindi 北印度语 ➢ Romany吉普赛语
3. Armenian亚美尼亚语族 ➢ Armenian
4. Albanian阿尔巴尼语族 ➢ Albanian
The Western Set
英语词汇学课程课件
课件名称：英语词汇的发展 制作人：寻阳、孙红梅 单位：曲阜师范大学外国语学院
自考《英语词汇学》复习资料第二章
第⼆章 Indo-European language family （Europe， the Near East， India） Balto –Slavic Indo-Iranian Italic Germanic Prussian Persian Portuguese Norwegian Lithuanian Hindi Spanish Icelandie Polish Italian Danish Bulgarian Roumanian Swedish Slovenian French English Russian German Albanian Armenian Celtic Hellenic Irish Greek Breton Scottish 2. History （时间，历史事件，特征） 1） Old English （450-1150） totally 50，000-60，000 words The 1st people known to inhabit England were Celts， the language was Celtic. The second language was the Latin of the Roman Legions. The Germanic tribes called angles， Saxons and Jutes and their language， Anglo-Saxon dominated and blotted out the Celtic. Now people refer to Anglo-Saxon as old English. At the end of 6th century， the introduction of Christianity has a great impact on the English vocabulary. The common practice was to create new words by combining two native words. In the 9th century， many Scandinavian words came into English. At least 900 words of Scandinavian are in modern English， our daily life and speech. 特点： highly inflected language complex endings or vowel changes （full ending） 2） Middle English （1150-1500） English， Latin， French Until 1066， although there were borrowings from Latin， the influence on English was mainly Germanic. But the Norman Conquest started a continual flow of French words into English. By the end of the 13th century， English gradually come back into public areas. Between 1250 and 150 about 9000 words of French origin come into English. 75% of them are till in use today. As many as 2500 words of Dutch origin come into English. 特点： fewer inflections leveled ending 3） Modern English （1500-up to now） early modern English （1500-1700） late modern English（1700-up to now） The Renaissance， Latin and Greek were recognized as the languages of the Western world’s great literary heritage. The Industrial Revolution was in the mid-17 century. With the growth of colonization， British tentacles began a stretching out of to every corner of the globe， thus enabling English to absorb words from all major languages of the world. After World War II， many new words have been created to express new ideas， inventions and scientific achievements. More words are created by means of word-formation. thousands and thousands of new words have been entered to express new ideas inventions， and scientific achievements. more words are created by means of word-formation. in modern English， word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions English has evolved from a synthetic language to the present analytic language. science and technology terms make up about 45% of new words. words associated with life-style constitute of 24% and social and economic terms amount to over 10% . mention should be made of an opposite process of development i.e. old words falling out if use. 特点： ending are almost lost. 3. Three main sources new words 1.The rapid development of modern science and technology 2.Social， economic and political changes 3.The influence of other cultures and languages 4. Three modes of vocabulary development 1. Creation – the formation of new words by using the existing materials， namely roots， affixes and other elements.（This is the most important way of vocabulary expansion.） 2. Semantic change - an old form which take on a new meaning to meet the new need. 3. Borrowing – to take in words from other languages.（particularly in earlier time） 4. （Reviving archaic or obsolete） French 30%， Latin 8%， Japanese Italian 7%， Spanish 6%， German Greek 5%， Russian Yiddish 4%。
英语词汇学 大纲
英语词汇学》课程教学大纲一、说明适用专业四年制本科英语专业先修课程语言学基础总学时36总学分2（一）本课程的目的、要求英语词汇学是英语专业高年级的一门专业课程。
通过本课程的教学，应达到以下的目的和要求：1.初步掌握英语词汇学的基本理论，了解英语词汇的规律。
2.比较系统地理解、掌握英语词汇，扩大词汇量，提高英语语言实践能力。
3.了解英语词汇的来源、发展历史及现状。
4.学会分析英语词汇的结构、类型、意义、理据，相互关系，语义变化方式，过程及用法。
5.了解英国英语和美国英语在词汇上的差异。
6.了解英语词典的发展历史和学会选用英语词典。
（二）内容选取和实施中注意的问题英语词汇学是研究英语语言词汇的一门重要学科。
英语专业的学生在比较熟悉英语语音、语法的情况下，系统地学习和研究英语词汇就显得更加重要。
在内容的选取和具体实施过程中应注意下面一些问题：1．处理好基本理论与语言实践之间的关系，学习基本理论是为了更好地进行语言实践。
在实践的基础上了解和掌握现代英语词汇学的一些基本观点和基本理论。
2.英语词汇学的部分内容在其它课程中学生已零碎地接触过，在教学中应突出系统性，避免简单的重复。
3.强调课前预习，并要求学生查阅指定的参考资料，课堂教学以讲授为主,适当进行小组讨论和练习。
4.充分利用现代化教学手段，加大课堂教学量，提高教学效果。
5.为培养学生分析问题和解决问题的能力，对每章后的练习题挑选出一部分进行讲解，引导学生正确运用所学的知识解决问题。
（三）教学方法课前学生充分预习。
1.教师根据教材内容，安排适当的小组讨论。
2.教师要精讲，并补充一些课外内容，使用多媒体教学手段，增加教学容量。
（四）考核方式（1）本课程的考核方式为考查。
（2）三次平时作业成绩占30%。
（3）课程结束前要求学生设计一份试卷，占70%。
（五）教学内容与学时分配教学章节教学内容学时安排备注1词的概述42词的结构和词的构成方式4词的理据24词的语义特征25词义的变化46词的语义分类47词的联想与搭配48英语习语4补充材料英语字典4考核2机动2二、大纲内容第一章词的概述1. 为词的定义2. 词的语音和意义3. 词的词汇意义和语法意义4. 词的意义与概念5. 词与词项6. 词与词汇说明：（1）本章从词的定义讲起，分别介绍一些哲学家、语言学家对词的定义，着重介绍马克思主义语言学家对词的定义。
自考本科《英语词汇学》复习资料
What is true of the basic word stock is also true of native world. More are
1. neutral in style （not stylistical specific ）
2. 2.frequent in use （in academic fields and science French， Latin or Greek are used） （usage 70-90%）
2）. Content word （notional word） – denote clear notions.
Functional word （empty word， form word） – do not have notions of their own， express the relation between notions， words and sentences.
e.g. foot – football， footage， footpath， footer
4. polysemy – often possess more than one meaning. Become polysemous.
e.g. take to move or carry from one place to another
b）. Pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling
c）. Influence of the work of scribes/printing freezes the spelling of words in 1500
d）. Borrowing of foreign language
英语词汇学课程大纲
英语词汇学课程大纲一、课程简介本课程旨在帮助学生深入了解英语词汇学的基本理论和方法，提高他们的词汇掌握能力和运用能力。
通过系统学习，学生将能够更好地应对英语词汇的各种使用场景，提高自己的听说读写能力。
二、课程目标1. 掌握英语词汇学的基本概念和理论。
2. 学会使用词汇学的分析方法，快速有效地掌握新词汇。
3. 提升词汇存储和词汇运用的能力。
4. 培养学生对英语词汇的敏感度和准确度。
5. 加强学生的词汇拓展和应用能力。
三、课程内容1. 词汇学导论- 词汇学的定义和研究范畴- 词汇与语言运用的关系2. 词汇的形态学- 词缀、词根和派生- 合成和转化- 词类和词汇分类3. 词汇的语义学- 词义和词汇义项- 上下文词汇义变化- 词汇关系和语义网络4. 词汇的语用学- 语用角度解读词汇- 词汇的语用扩展和修辞手法5. 词汇学习策略- 词汇记忆和记忆技巧- 词汇学习中的输出训练- 词汇学习资源和工具的应用6. 词汇教学与评估- 词汇教学方法和技巧- 词汇教学的评估和反馈四、教学方法1. 理论授课：通过讲解和示范，向学生介绍英语词汇学的基本理论和相关知识。
2. 跟读练习：学生跟随老师的发音进行词汇的模仿和训练，提高语音和语调的准确性。
3. 词汇分析：通过案例分析和练习，学习如何分析词根、词缀和派生形式，快速掌握新词汇。
4. 语境运用：通过阅读和听力材料，让学生在真实语境中理解和运用词汇，增强语言综合能力。
五、评估方式1. 课堂讨论和问答2. 课后练习和作业3. 期中考试4. 期末考试六、参考教材1. 《英语词汇学导论》作者：张燕平2. 《英语词汇学教程》作者：郭建华3. 《英语词汇学教程》作者：赵玉华七、参考资料1. Aitchison, J. (2012). Words in the mind: An introduction to the mental lexicon. 4th Edition, Wiley-Blackwell.2. Nation, P. (2001). Learning vocabulary in another language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.以上为英语词汇学课程大纲，希望能够帮助学生在词汇学习中建立起系统的知识框架，提升词汇应用能力和学习效果。
词汇学重点大纲
《英语词汇学》教学大纲三、教学内容与教学安排（Course Content and Arrangement）教学章节Chapters and Sections教学目标Teaching Aims教学方式TeachingMethods学时安排Class hour1. 绪论Unit 1 Preliminaries about lexicology 了解课程目标、明确基本要求Introducing course description andrequirement讲授Lecture22. 词汇结构Unit 2 Formation of words 了解词汇基本结构Learning formation of Englishwords讲授、讨论Lecture,discussion23. 词的语法特征Unit 3 Grammatical aspect 理解词汇语法特征Understanding grammatical aspect讲授、讨论Lecture,discussion24. 组词习惯Unit 4 Idiomatic aspect of word combinations 分析组词习惯Analysis of idiomaticity of wordcombinations讲授、讨论Lecture,discussion25. 语义类型Unit 5 Semantic types 对比分析语义类型Contrastive analysis of semantictypes讲授、讨论Lecture,discussion26. 语义网络Unit 6 Semantic networks 分析、综合语义网络Analysis and summary of semanticnetworks讲授、讨论Lecture,discussion27. 语义关系Unit 7 Semantic relations 综合分析词汇语义关系Systematic analysis of semanticrelations讲授、讨论Lecture,discussion28. 词的情感特征Unit 8 Emotional aspect 分析词汇情感特征Learning about emotional aspect ofEnglish words讲授、讨论Lecture,discussion29. 词的语体特征Unit 9 Stylistic aspect 分析词汇语体特征Learning about stylistic aspect ofEnglish words讲授、讨论Lecture,discussion210. 词的社会特征Unit 10 Social aspect 理解词的社会特征Understanding social aspect ofEnglish words讲授、讨论Lecture,discussion211. 词的文化特征Unit 11 Cultural aspect 理解词的文化特征Understanding cultural aspect ofEnglish words讲授、讨论Lecture,discussion212. 词的认知特征Unit 12 Cognitive aspect 分析词的认知特征Learning about cognitive aspect ofwords讲授、讨论Lecture,discussion213. 词的历时变化Unit 13 Change of English words 综合词的历时变化Analysis and summary of changeof English words讲授、讨论Lecture,discussion214. 外来词Unit 14 Loan words 对比分析外来词Contrastive analysis of loan words讲授、讨论Lecture,discussion215. 学词汇与词典学Unit 15 Learning English vocabulary, Lexicography and dictionaries 运用词典帮助学习词汇Linking vocabulary tolexicography and dictionaries讲授、示范Lecture,demonstration216. 复习Unit 16 Revision 综合所学单元、了解测试办法Summary of previous units andarrangement of test讲授、讨论Lecture,discussion2总计Total32五、考核与评价方式(Course Evaluation)考核内容：词的基本知识、词的形态结构、词的构成方式、词汇来源及发展、词义、语义关系及词义变化、习语及词典知识、词汇的下列特征：社会、文化、语体、情感、认知等特征。
自考英语语言学Chapter_2_Phonology
Chapter 2 Phonology音系学一、本章纲要二、本章重点1.The phonic medium of language语言的声音媒介Of two media of language, speech is more basic than writing, for the reasons:1)In linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing;2)In everyday communication, speech plays a greater role in terms of the amount of information conveyed;3)Speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires his mother tongue, and writing is learned and taught later in school.The phonic medium of language语言的声音媒介（2006填空；2001，32名词解释）This limited range of sounds which are meaningful in human communication and are of interest to linguistic are the phonic medium of language; and the individual sounds within this range are the speech sounds (语音).2.Phonetics语音学2.1 What is phonetics? 什么是语音学Phonetics is defined as the study of the phonic medium of language; it is concerned with all the sounds that occur in the world‟s languages.语音学研究的对象是语言的声音媒介，即人类语言中使用的全部语音。
英语词汇学课件Chapter 2
CHAPTER 21. It is assumed that the world has about ___________ languages.A. 3000B. 2000C. 1000D.40002. It is assumed that the world has approximately 3000 (some put it 5000) languages, which can be grouped into roughly ___________ language families on the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar.A. 500B. 4000C. 300D.20003. The Indo-European Language Family accordingly fall into ___________ principle groups, which can be grouped into an Eastern set and Western set.A. eightB. sixC. fiveD. several4. In the Eastern set, ___________ and ___________ are each the only modern language respectively.A. Italic; GermanicB. Armenian; AlbanianC. Celtic; HellenicD. Balto-Slavic; Indo-Iranian5. The following words are derived from the dead language Sanskrit except ___________.A. PersianB. BengaliC. HindiD. Romany6. All these languages have some influence on English to a greater or lesser extent because each has ___________ the English vocabulary.A. borrowed words fromB. enlarged words toC. decreased words toD. lent words into7. We find the following languages in the Celtic except ___________.A. ScottishB. IrishC. DanishD. Breton8. The Balto-Slavic comprises such modern languages as Prussian, Lithuanian, Polish, Czech, Bulgarian, Slovenian and ___________.A. GreekB. RomanC. IndianD. Russian9. Indo-Iranian comprises the modern language except ___________.A. PersianB. BengaliC. Hindi, RomanyD. Polish10. The five Romance languages, namely, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, Romanian all belong to the Italic through an intermediate language called ___________.A. SanskritB. LatinC. CelticD. Anglo-Saxon11. The first peoples known to inhabit England were ___________.A. CeltsB. RomansC. Anglo-SaxonsD. Jutes12. Which of the following is not included in the Germanic tribes?A. Angles.B. Celtic.C. Saxons.D. Jutes.13. Some foreign languages have impact on old English except ___________.A. FrenchB. LatinC. NorwegianD. Danish14. After the ___________, the Germanic tribes called Angles, Saxons, and Jutes came in great numbers.A. GreeksB. IndiansC. RomansD. French15. As a result, Celtic made only a ___________ contribution to the English vocabulary.A. smallB. bigC. greatD. smaller16. The introduction of ___________ at the end of the 6th century had a great impact on the English vocabulary.A. printingB. ChristianityC. French wordsD. all the above17. After the invading Germanic tribes settled down in Britain, their language almost totally blotted out the ___________.A. Old EnglishB. Middle EnglishC. Anglo-SaxonD. Celtic18. Old English has a vocabulary of about ___________ words.A. 30000 to 40000B. 40000 to 50000C. 50000 to 60000D. 60000 to 7000019. It is estimated that at least ___________ words of Scandinavian origin have survived in modern English.A. 1200B. 800C. 900D. 100020. Which of the following is not Scandinavian origin?A. Skirt.B. Alter.C. Their.D. Birth.21. The ___________ family consists of the four Northern European Languages: Norwegian, Icelandic, Danish and Swedish, which are generally known as Scandinavian languages.A. GermanicB. Indo-EuropeanC. AlbanianD. Hellenic22. Old English vocabulary was essentially ___________ with a number of borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian.A. ItalicB. GermanicC. CelticD. Hellenic23. The Norman Conquest in 1066 introduced a large number of words into the English vocabulary.A. FrenchB. GreekC. DanishD. Latin24. In the 9th century the land was invaded again by Norwegian and Danish Vikings. With the invaders, many ___________ words came into the English language.A. GreekB. RomanC. CelticD. Scandinavian25. Which of the following is NOT true about Old English?A. Users of Old English borrowed heavily from Latin and other languages.B. Old English has a vocabulary of about 50000 to 60000.C. Old English refers to the English language used from 450 to 1150.D. Old English was a highly inflected language.26. Identify the word that ___________ is of Scandinavian origin among the following.A. skirtB. dressC. modelD. status27. The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of French words into English ___________ of them are still in use today.A. Eighty-five percentB. Fifty-six percentC. Seventy-two percentD. Seventy-five percent28. By the end of the ___________ century, virtually all of the people who held political or social power and many of those in powerful Church positions were of Norman French origin.A. 10thB. 11thC. 12thD. 13th29. Modern English began with the establishment of ___________ in England.A. printingB. Bourgeois RevolutionC. Industrial RevolutionD. the Renaissance30. Considering the changes in ___________, we regard the year of ___________ as the divison line of Early and Late Modern English.A. grammar; 1600B. grammar; 1700C. vocabulary; 1600D. vocabulary; 170031. Since the beginning of the 20th century, ___________ has become even more important for the expansion of English vocabulary.A. word-formationB. borrowingC. semantic changeD. both B and C32. Which of the following is NOT one of the main sources of new words?A. The rapid development of modern science and technology.B. Geographical and political changes.C. The influence of other cultures and languages.D. Social and economic changes.33. Social, economic and political changes bring about such new words as the followings EXCEPT ___________.A. kungfuB. TV dinnerC. fast foodD. Watergate34. The modes of modern English vocabulary grow through three major channels: ___________, semantic change, ___________.A. exchange; lendingB. derivation; borrowingC. creation; borrowingD. affixation; creation35. In modern times, ___________ is the most important way of vocabulary expansion.A. creationB. semantic changeC. borrowingD. reviving archaic or obsolete words36. ___________ has played a vital role in the development of vocabulary, particularly in earlier times.A. creationB. semantic changeC. borrowingD. obsolete words37. Which of the following is one of the three channels through which modern English vocabularydevelops?A. Acronym.B. Blending.C. Elevation.D. Borrowing.38. ___________ means an old form which takes on a new meaning to meet the new need.A. CreationB. Semantic changeC. BorrowingD. Derivation39. The word of "recollection" is formed by ___________.A. creationB. semantic changeC. borrowingD. collocation40. It is assumed that the world has 3 000 languages, which can be grouped into roughly ___________ language families on the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar. A. 200 B. 300C. 400D. 50041. The following languages all belong to the Eastern set except___________.A. Balto-SlavicB. Indo-IranianC. ArmenianD. Italic42. In the Eastern set, Armenian and___________ are the sole modern languages in two respective families.A. AlbanianB. RussianC. SlovenianD. Lithuanian43. Which language does not belong to the Italic?A. Portuguese.B. Spanish.C. Welsh.D. French.44. The early inhabitants of the British Isles spoke___________.A. EnglishB. CelticC. ScandinavianD. Hellenic45. The Germanic speakers took permanent control of the land that was later called___________ (the land of Angles).A. GermanB. GreeceC. EnglandD. American46. Old English has a vocabulary of about 50 000 to 60 000words, which is entirely Germanic with only a few borrowings from___________ and Scandinavian.A. LatinB. GreekC. CelticD. French47. The influx of French words into English did not occur until after___________.A. 1200B. 1300C. 1400D. 150048. In the Middle English period, the three main dialects of the land were Northern, ___________ and Midland.A. EasternB. WesternC. SouthernD. Oriental49. ___________ is the chief ancestor of Modern English, not Southern.A. EasternB. WesternC. NorthernD. Midland50. The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of___________ words into English.A. LatinB. GreekC. DanishD. French51. Midland is an ___________ dialect, as its name implies, and intelligible to Northerners and Southerners alike.A. middleB. intermediateC. interchangeableD. internal52. The number of ___________ words that poured into English was unbelievably great and covered every realm of culture and society in the Middle English period.A. FrenchB. GermanC. LatinD. Russian53. Before English regained social status in Middle English period, those in power spoke French; those who were literate read and wrote ___________; those who could educate their children taught them in ___________; and any young man who sought to earn his living as a scribe learned ___________or ___________.A. Latin; French; Latin; FrenchB. French; French; French; EnglishC. French; French; Latin; FrenchD. Greek; French; Greek; French54. In the early period of Modern English, Europe saw a new upsurge in learning ancient Greek and Roman classics, which is known in history as the ___________.A. RenewalB. RevivalC. ReboundD. Renaissance55. Since the beginning of the 20th century, particularly after World War II, although borrowing remains a channel of English vocabulary expansion, more words are created by ___________.A. analogyB. word-formationC. transferD. conversion56. The Anglo-Saxon in the Old English period was almost a "___________" language, which created new words from its own compound elements with few foreign words.A. uniqueB. fashionC. pureD. old57. As one scholar notes, old English was characterized by " ___________ endings", Middle English by "leveled endings", and Modern English by " ___________ endings".A. full; lostB. lost; fullC. full; pureD. pure; lost58. Old English which was a ___________ language has evolved to the present language.A. analytic; syntheticB. synthetic; analyticC. agglutinative; analyticD. isolating; synthetic59. Of all the foreign languages from which we have borrowed words, Latin, Greek, French, and ___________ stand out as the major contributors.A. ItalianB. GermanC. DutchD. Scandinavian60. In the Pre-Anglo-Saxon period, the words borrowed naturally from Latin reflected the new conceptions and experience in ___________ and ___________.A. war; economyB. economy; agricultureC. war; place namesD. war; agriculture61. In the Old English period, borrowings from Latin came in because of the introduction of Christianity, such as, ___________ and ___________.A. cook; candleB. shrine; sackC. candle; shrineD. mass; circle62. The ___________ centuries were especially prolific in Latin borrowings under the influence of Renaissance.A. 12th and 13thB. 13th and 14thC. 14th and 15thD. 15th and 16th63. Some late borrowings from Latin still retain their Latin forms. Which of the following was borrowed in the Modern English period?A. Frustrate.B. Focus.C. Logic.D. Trade.64. Which of the following does not come from Greek?A. Piano.B. Synonym.C. Philosophy.D. Lexicology.65. Typhoon is from ___________ and tatami is from ___________.A. Chinese; AfricanB. Chinese; JapaneseC. Arabic; TurkishD. Malay; Japanese66. Modern English vocabulary develops through ___________.A. terminology, analogy and borrowingB. creation* semantic change and borrowingC. creation, archaisms and semantic changeD. semantic change, denizens and argot67. Which of the following contemporary English vocabulary is from the rapid growth of science and technology?A. Fallout.B. Pant suit.C. Black belt.D. Mao jackets.68. The Scandinavian languages: Norwegian* Swedish, Danish and Icelandic, constitute the ___________ branch of the Germanic group.A. easternB. westernC. northernD. southern69. Reviving archaic or ___________ words also contributes to the growth of English vocabulary though insignificant.A. obsoleteB. oldC. usedD. ancient70. It is assumed that the world has about ___________ languages.A. 3,000B. 2,000C. 1,000D. 4,00071. All languages can be grouped into roughly ___________ language families on the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar.A. 200B. 300C. 400D. 50072. The Indo-European language family is made up of most of the languages in the following places except ___________.A. EuropeB. the Near EastC. IndiaD. Africa73. The prehistoric Indo-European parent language is thought to be a highly ___________ language.A. developedB. advancedC. inflectedD. complicated74. In the western set of the Indo-European language family, Greek is the modern language derived from ___________.A. HellenicB. CelticC. SpanishD. Dutch75. We find the following languages in the Celtic except ___________.A. ScottishB. IrishC. DanishD. Breton76. The first peoples known to inhabit on British Isles were ___________.A. RomansB. GermansC. CeltsD. Saxons77. Now people generally refer to ___________ as old English.A. Anglo-SaxonB. CelticC. LatinD. Armenian78. Which of the following is not included in the Germanic tribes?A. AnglesB. CelticC. SaxonsD. Jutes79. Old English has a vocabulary of about ___________ words.A. 40,000 to 50,000B. 50,000 to 60,000C. 60,000 to 70,000D. 30,000 to 40,00080. Old English refers to the language used between ___________ and ___________.A. 410, 1150B.450, 1150C. 410, 1100D.450, 110081. Some foreign languages have impact on old English except ___________.A. FrenchB. LatinC. NorwegianD. Danish82. It is estimated that at least ___________ words of Scandinavian origin have survived in Modern English.A. 1,200B. 800C. 900D. 1,00083. Which of the following is not Scandinavian origin?A. skirtB. alterC. theirD. birth84. Until 1066, the influence on English was mainly ___________.A. LatinB. FrenchC. GermanicD. Celtic85. After the Norman Conquest a continual flow of ___________ words into English.A. LatinB. FrenchC. GermanicD. Celtic86. Between 1250 and 1500, about ___________ words of French origin poured into English.A. 7,000B. 6,000C. 9,000D. 10,00087. ___________ of the words of French origin are still in use today.A. Eighty-five percentB. Fifty-six percentC. Seventy-two percentD. Seventy-five percent88. As many as 2, 500 words of ___________ origin found their way into Middle English.A. DutchB. FrenchC. LatinD. Celtic89. Modern English began with the establishment of ___________ in England.A. printingB. Bourgeois RevolutionC. Industrial RevolutionD. Renaissance Time90. Modern English began in ___________.A. 1700B. 1066C. 1500D. 190091. Considering the changes in ___________ Early and Late Modem English.A. grammar, 1600B. grammar, 1700C. vocabulary, 1600D. vocabulary, 170092. Modern English is considered to be a/an ___________ language.A. inflectedB. analyticC. syntheticD. new93. Generally, the number of the present day English vocabulary is about ___________.A. two millionB. three millionC. one millionD. four million94. Modern English vocabulary develops through ___________.A. creationB. semantic changeC. borrowingD. all the above95. ___________ is not the reason of growth of present-day English vocabulary.A. The rapid development of modern science and technologyB. Social, economic and political changesC. The efforts of linguistsD. The influence of other cultures and languages96. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: ___________, semantic change and ___________.A. exchange, conversionB. compounding, borrowingC. creation, borrowingD. suffixation, creation97. ___________ is the most important way of vocabulary expansion.A. CreationB. Semantic changeC. BorrowingD. Meaning change98. ___________ means an old form which takes on a new meaning to meet the new need.A. CreationB. Semantic changeC. BorrowingD. Derivation99. The word of "recollection" is formed by ___________.A. creationB. semantic changeC. borrowingD. collocation100. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: ___________.A. creation, conversion and borrowingB. creation, borrowing and back-formationC. creation, semantic change and borrowingD. semantic change, borrowing and back-formation101. The Norman Conquest in 1066 introduced a large number of ___________ words into the English vocabulary.A. FrenchB. GreekC. DanishD. Latin102. The introduction of ___________ had a great impact on the English vocabulary.A. HinduismB. ChristianityC. BuddhismD. Islam103. After the ___________, the Germanic tribes called Angles, Saxons, and Jutes came in great numbers.A. GreeksB. IndiansC. RomansD. French104. After the invading Germanic tribes settled down in Britain, their language almost totally blotted out the ___________.A. Old EnglishB. Middle EnglishC. Anglo-SaxonD. Celtic105. Between 1250 and 1500 about ___________ words of French origin poured into English.A. 9,000B. 900C. 10,000D. 20,000106. Since the beginning of the 20th century, ___________ has become even more important for the expansion of English vocabulary.A. word-formationB. creationC. semantic changeD. both B and C107. The prehistoric Indo-European parent language is thought to be a highly language.A. inflectedB. derivedC. developedD. analyzed108. The five Romance languages, namely, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, Romanian all belong to the Italic through an intermediate language called ___________.A. SanskritB. LatinC. CelticD. Anglo-Saxon109. By the end of the ___________ century, English gradually came back into the schools, the law courts, and government and regained social status.A. 12thB. 13thC. 14thD. 15th1. The prehistoric Indo-European parent language is thought to be a highly ___________ language.2. As the invading tribes took over and settled in Britain, the Celtic languages gradually ___________.3. The surviving languages show various degrees of ___________ to one another.4. The surviving languages accordingly fall into eight principal groups, which can be grouped into an Eastern set: Balto-Slavic, Indo-Iranian, Armenian and Albanian; a Western set: Celtic, Italic, Hellenic, ___________.5. Scandinavian language refers to Icelandic, Norwegian, Danish and ___________.6. After the Romans, the Germanic tribes came in great numbers. Soon they took___________ control of the land, which was to be called England.7. Augustine came to spread ___________ in Britain at the end of the 6th century.8. Now people generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as ___________.9. In the 9th century the land was ___________ again by Norwegian and Danish Vikings.10. Middle English lasted for more than three hundred years from ___________ to ___________.11. The four major foreign contributors to English vocabulary in earlier times are Latin, French, Scandinavian and ___________.12. By the end of the eleventh century, ___________ all of the people who held political or social power and many of those in powerful church positions were of Norman French origin.13. The English words "power", "crime" are derived from ___________.14. Modern English began with the ___________ of printing in England.15. In the early period of Modern English, Europe saw a new upsurge of learning ancient and Roman classics. This is known in history as the ___________.16. It is necessary to subdivide Modern English into Early (1500 -1700) and ___________ Modem English.17. If we say that Old English was a language of full endings, Middle English was one of ___________.18. It can be concluded that English has evoked from a synthetic language (Old English) to the present ___________ language.19. The rapid development of ___________ and ___________ contributes a lot to the vocabulary development.20. ___________ refers to the formation of new words by using the existing materials, namely roots, ___________ and other elements.21. There're three modes of vocabulary development; creation, ___________ and borrowing.22. World languages can be grouped into roughly ___________ language families on the basis of similarities in the basic word stock and grammar.23. The surviving languages accordingly fall into ___________ principal groups, which can be grouped into an Eastern set and a Western set.24. Scandinavian language refers to Icelandic, Norwegian, Danish and ___________.25. Old English was the combination of three ___________ dialects which were used between ___________ and 1150.26. Old English was a highly ___________ language just like modern German.27. Old English has a vocabulary of about ___________ to ___________ words.28. Middle English lasted for more than three hundred years from ___________ to ___________.29. The four major foreign contributors to English vocabulary in earlier times are Latin, French, Scandinavian and ___________.30. The English words "power”, "crime" are derived from ___________.31. The introduction of ___________ into England marked the beginning of modem English period.32. Modern English began with the establishment of printing in England, and it can be subdivided into stages.33. Modern English is a ___________ language.34. The rapid development of ___________ and ___________ contributes a lot to the vocabulary development.35. ___________ refers to the formation of new words by using the existing materials, namely roots, ___________ and other elements.36. There’re three modes of vocabulary development: creation, ___________ and borrowing.37. It is necessary to subdivide Modern English into Early (1500 - 1700) and ___________ Modern English.38. The language used in England between 450 and 1150 is called ___________.39. If we say that Old English was a language of full endings, Middle English was one of ___________.40. The surviving languages accordingly fall into eight principal groups, which can be grouped into an Eastern set: Balto-Slavic, Indo-Iranian, Armenian and Albanian; a Western set: Celtic, Italic, Hellenic, ___________.41. It can be concluded that English has evolved from a synthetic language (Old English) to the present ___________ language.42. Now people generally refer to ___________ as Old English.43. The language used between 450 and ___________ is called ___________, which has a vocabulary of ___________. Middle English refers to the language spoken from 1150 to ___________. Followed by the ___________ period, subdivided as early modern English (___________) and late ___________ (1700-up to now).( ) 1. English is more closely related to German than French.( ) 2. Scandinavian languages refer to Icelandic, Norwegian, Danish and Swedish.( ) 3. Old English was a highly inflected language.( ) 4. In early Middle English period, English, Latin and Celtic existed side by side.( ) 5.The introduction of printing into England marked the beginning of Modern English period. ( ) 6. Modern English is considered to be an analytic language.( ) 7. The four major foreign contributors to English vocabulary in earlier times are Latin, French, Scandinavian and Italian.( ) 8. In modern times, borrowing brings less than ten percent of modern English vocabulary. ( ) 9. The three major factors that promote the growth of modern English vocabulary are advances in science and technology* influence of foreign cultures and languages.( ) 10. The most important mode of vocabulary development in present-day English is creation of new words by means of word-formation.( ) 11. Old English vocabulary was in essence Germanic with a small quantity of words borrowed from Latin and Scandinavian.( ) 12. Middle English absorbed a tremendous number of foreign words but with little change in word endings.( ) 13. Old English refers to the language used between 100 and 450.( ) 14. We refer to Celtic as old English.( ) 15. Words of old English had full endings.( ) 16. In 55 B. C. -54 B. C., the Romans invaded the British Isles and were to occupy the land until about 410.( ) 17. Celtic made only a small contribution to the English vocabulary.( ) 18. Many religious terms such as abbot, candle, alter, amen were brought into English by Latin-speaking Roman missionaries.( ) 19. Middle English lasted for more than four hundred years.( ) 20. During the Middle English period, Celtic, Latin and English existed side by side.( ) 21. During early Middle English period, Norman French became the polite speech while native tongue was a despised language.( ) 22. Middle English was a language of full endings.( ) 23. Modern English is a synthetic language.( ) 24. After World War II, thousands of new words have been created to express new ideas, inventions and scientific achievements.( ) 25. The influence of other cultures and languages is one of the main sources of new words. ( ) 26. Semantic change is the most important way of vocabulary expansion.( ) 27. In the vocabulary development, some old words fell out of use.( ) 28. The introduction of printing into England by William Caxton marked the beginning of Middle English period.( ) 29. Historically speaking, American English is older than British English.( ) 30. The Norman Conquest virtually introduced French-English bilingualism into Britain. ( ) 31. The late Modern English period is characterized by the complete loss of endings.1.What are the main sources of new words?2. What are the features of Old English, Middle English and Modern English? What changes has English undergone as far as inflection is concerned?3. What are the reasons for the growth of contemporary English vocabulary?。
自考英语词汇学 第二章课件
In fact, more than twenty-five percent of modern English words come almost directly from classical languages. 事实上，现代英语词汇 中有 25%以上几乎是直接从古典语言中直接介入的 （WBD）。 In modern English, word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions. It can be concluded that English has evolved from a synthetic language (Old English) to the present analytic language.在现代英语中，除了少数几个 词之外，词尾几乎都消失了。可以这样说，英语已 从古英语的综合型语言发展成了现在的分析型语言 。
2
- The Indo-European is one of them. It is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East, and India. 印欧 语就是其中之一。该语系包括欧洲的大多数 语言、近东诸语言和古梵语。
2.2.2 Middle English (1150-1500) -中古英语 Although there were borrowings from Latin, the influence on English was mainly Germanic. 虽然英语也从拉丁语中借词，但影响英语的主要还 是日耳曼语。 Between 1250 and 1500 about 9000 words of French origin poured into English. Seventy-five percent of them are still in use today.从 1250 年 到 1500 年的 250 年间，大约有 9000 个法语词汇 进入到英语中，其中 75%仍在使用。 If we say that Old English was a language of full endings. Middle English was one of leveled endings. 如果说古英语是全词尾的话，那么中古英 语的词尾已去了一半
自考英语词汇学 第二章课件教学提纲
2.4 Modes of Vocabulary Development词汇 发展的模式
❖ Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: creation, semantic change, borrowing. 现代英语词汇的发展主要通过三个渠道： 创词、旧词新义和借词。
当时拉丁语和希腊语被认为是西方世界灿烂文学遗产的语言是学术语言真空干燥又名解析干燥是一种将物料置于负压条件下并适当通过加热达到负压状态下的沸点或着通过降温使得物料凝固后通过溶点来干燥物料的干燥方式
英语词汇学
Chapter 2 The development of the
English Vocabulary 英语词汇的发展
❖ In the early period of Modern English, Europe saw a new upsurge of learning ancient Greek and Roman classics. This is known in history as the Renaissance. 在早期现代英语阶段，欧洲掀起了学习希腊 和罗马的古典著作的运动。这场运动史称文 艺复兴。
growth of English vocabulary though quite insignificant. 复活古词和废弃词对整 个英语词汇来说虽然影响不大，但却是一种 发展方式。
自考英语词汇学_第二章_英语词汇的发展史
Chapter 2 The Development of the English Vocabulary第二章 英语词汇的发展史1. The Indo-European Language Family 印欧语系的谱系关系识记：印欧语系的各个分支和各个分支的主要语言Armenian (亚美尼亚语) –existing till nowAlbanian （阿尔巴尼亚语） –existing till now Prussian 普鲁士语 Lithuanian 立陶宛语 Polish 波兰语 Balto-Slavic(波罗的海语系) Czech 捷克语 Bulgarian 保加利亚语 Eastern set:Slovenian 西洛文尼亚语Russian 俄罗斯语Persian 波斯语Bengali 孟加拉语印度伊朗语系Romany 吉普赛语Scottish 苏格兰语Celtic 凯尔特语 Irish 爱尔兰语Welsh 威尔士语Breton 法国布里多尼语 Portuguese 葡萄牙语Spanish 西班牙语Italic 意大利语系 French 法语Italian 意大利语Rumanian 罗马尼亚语 Western Set :Hellenic 希腊语 Greek 希腊语Norwegian 挪威语Icelandic 冰岛语Danish 丹麦语Germanic 日耳曼语 Swedish 瑞典语German 德语Dutch 荷兰语Flemish 弗兰德语English 英语2. A historical overview of English vocabulary英语发展的历史回顾考点：英语词汇发展的三个阶段：古英语词汇，中古英语词汇，现代英语词汇及其特点Inhabitants of the Island:Celts(Celtic) – Roman Legions(Latin，55) – German Tribes(Anglo-Saxon，410)-Norwegian and Danish Vikings (Scandinavian，900) – Norman（French, 1066）①Old English 古英语（450-1150）(Anglo-Saxon)Character:1. Latin speaking Roman missionaries under St. Augustine came to spread Christianity at the end of the 6th century. The introduction of Christianity had a great impact on English vocabulary.(New Words: abbot男修道院长, candle, altar圣坛, amen, apostle使徒)2. Didn’t borrow as heavily as later, they changed meaning of native words, the common practice was to create new words by combining two native words.（e.g. handbook）3. Many Scandinavian words came into the English language. Many of the words are alike or interchangeably.4. Old English has a vocabulary of 50000-60000 words, which was highly inflected. Nouns, Pronouns, Adj., verbs, Adv, had complex endings or vowel changes, differ greatly from what we use today. 内部高度曲折，有复杂的词尾原音变化。
英语词汇学教学大纲
英语词汇学教学大纲英语词汇学教学大纲一、引言英语词汇学是英语学习的重要组成部分，它涉及到词汇的构成、词义的变化以及词汇在语言中的运用等方面。
为了更好地指导英语词汇学的教学，制定一份科学合理的英语词汇学教学大纲是必要的。
二、教学目标1. 掌握基础词汇英语词汇学教学的首要目标是让学生掌握基础词汇。
基础词汇是学习英语的基石，只有掌握了足够的基础词汇，学生才能够进行更高层次的语言运用。
2. 理解词汇构成规律在学习英语词汇时，学生需要了解词汇的构成规律，包括词根、前缀、后缀等。
通过对这些构成规律的学习，学生可以更好地理解和记忆词汇，提高词汇运用的能力。
3. 学会词义的变化英语词汇的词义是不断变化的，学生需要学会词义的变化规律。
通过对词义的变化进行学习，学生可以更准确地理解和运用词汇，提高语言表达的准确性。
4. 培养词汇运用能力英语词汇学教学的最终目标是培养学生的词汇运用能力。
学生需要通过大量的练习，将所学的词汇应用到实际语境中，提高语言表达的流利度和准确性。
三、教学内容1. 基础词汇教学基础词汇教学是英语词汇学教学的核心内容。
教师可以通过词汇表、词汇卡片等方式进行教学，帮助学生掌握常用的基础词汇。
2. 词汇构成规律教学在词汇构成规律教学中，教师可以通过举例和练习等方式，帮助学生理解和记忆词根、前缀、后缀等构成要素。
同时，教师还可以引导学生分析和总结词汇构成规律，提高学生的词汇记忆效果。
3. 词义的变化教学词义的变化教学是英语词汇学教学的重要组成部分。
教师可以通过对同一词汇在不同语境中的词义进行比较和分析，帮助学生理解词义的变化规律。
同时，教师还可以通过例句和练习等方式，帮助学生掌握词义的变化。
4. 词汇运用能力培养为了培养学生的词汇运用能力，教师可以设计各种语境和情境，让学生进行词汇运用的练习。
例如，教师可以组织学生进行词汇扩展活动，让学生在实际语境中运用所学的词汇。
四、教学方法1. 多媒体教学法在英语词汇学教学中，教师可以利用多媒体技术，通过图片、音频等方式进行教学。
英语词汇学第2讲PPT课件
By Origin
Native words Loan words
By Origin: The Native Elements
Features of the native element: 1. All-national character 2. Great stability 3. Monosyllabic 4. Word-forming ability 5. Wide collocability 6. Plurality of meanings 7. High frequency value 8. Stylistically neutral
Classification
The English vocabulary consists of different kinds of words, which may be classified by different criteria.
In this section we will discuss three main criteria:
VOCABULARY
Slang, jargon & cant
Slang is the language of a highly colloquial type, considered as below the level of standard educated speech, and consisting either of new words or of current words used in some social sense.
A Brain Teaser
Which word is the longest in English?
英语词汇学最新教学大纲
英语词汇学最新教学大纲英语词汇学(English Lexicology)课程编号：05100290课程性质：专业选修课总学分：2总学时：36一课程目的及要求：英语语言文学专业必修课或选修课。
英语词汇学是一门以当代语言学多种理论为指导，全面深入研究英语词汇的专业课程。
英语词汇学课程重在揭示现代英语词汇的普遍规律，侧重分析研究现代英语词汇现象，兼顾英语词汇的纵向演变和发展。
本课程旨在帮助英语专业高年级学习者强化英语词汇知识，系统地了解现代英语词汇的过去和现状，把握英语词汇学习与使用的规则和特点。
既要培养学生理解语言现象和分析语言问题的理论水平，又要提高学生运用英语的实际能力。
二、课程主要内容：英语词汇学导言（词汇学的性质、重要性、学习方法）词的基本知识（词和词汇的定义与区别，声音与意义和拼写之间的关系，词汇划分的基本原则及各类词的主要特点）英语词汇的形成与发展（英语的亲属关系，英语词汇形成和发展的三个时期及其特点，现代英语词汇发展的趋势和方式）英语构词法I （词的个构成成分，各成分之间的区别，对词进行结构分析）英语构词法II （现代英语主要构词法，这些构词法在英语词汇发展中的地位）词的意义（了解“意义”的不同含义，词义的理据，几种常见意义）语义关系和语义场（词与词之间的几种主要语义关系，它们的概念和特点）词义的演变（词义变化的必然性，词义变化的主要方式，词义变化的原因）词义与语境（两种不同的语境，语境对词义的重要作用）英语习语（英语习语的概念、范畴、特点及其分类原则，习语的作用）英语词典（不同类型词典的形式、内容、范围及特点）三、教学方式以讲解为主，在教学过程中采用研究型教学方式，在讲授基本的词汇学概念和原理之后引导学生进行课堂讨论，课后查阅资料，收集语料，描写语言和分析语言等活动，同时指定阅读材料并作课堂汇报。
四、主要教学参考书：教材：自编参考书目：1. 陆国强：《现代英语词汇学》，上海外语教育出版社，19992. 汪榕培、卢晓娟：《英语词汇学教程》，上海外语教育出版社，19973. 张维友：《英语词汇学》，外语教学与研究出版社，20004. 张韵斐，周锡卿：《现代英语词汇学概论》，北京师范大学出版社，19885. 张永言，《词汇学简论》，华中工学院出版社，19826．拉耶芙斯卡娅，《英语词汇学引论》，商务印书馆，19607. Arnold I.V. The English Word. Leningrad, 1986.8. Ullman S. Semantics. An Introduction to the Science of Meaning. Л., 1975.9. Palmer, F.R. Semantics. A New Outline. Moscow, 1982.10. Jackson, Howard & Amvela, Etinne Ze, Words, Meaning, and V ocabulary: AnIntroduction to Modern English Lexicology, 2000, Cassell五、考核方式及要求：笔试与平时出勤和讨论相结合。
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❖ 6 - In the Western set, Greek is the
modern language derived from Hellenic. 在西部诸语族中，现代希腊语来源于古希腊 语族。
❖ 7 - The Germanic family consists of the four Northern European Languages:
2.2 A Historical Overview of the English Vocabulary 英语词汇历史概述
❖ 2.2.1 Old English (450-1150) 古英语
❖ Anglo-Saxon as Old English. Old English has a vocabulary of about 50, 000 to 60, 000 words. It was a highly inflected language just like moderm German. 盎格鲁-撒克逊语被称为古英语。古英语约有 50000 至 60000 词汇。而且也和现代德语一 样是一门典型的屈折语。
Albanian are each the only modern
language respectively. The Balto-Slavic
comprises such modern languages as
Prussian, Lithuanian, Polish, Czech,
Bulgarian, Slovenian and Russian. 在东部诸语族中，亚美尼亚-阿尔巴尼亚语族 都只留下今天的亚美尼亚语和阿尔巴尼亚语。 波罗的海-斯拉夫语族包括普鲁士语，立陶宛 语，波兰语，捷克语，保加利亚语，斯洛文 尼亚语和俄语等。
英语词汇学
Chapter 2 The development of the
English Vocabulary 英语词汇的发展
2.1 The Indo-European language family 印欧语系
❖ 1 - It is assumed that the world has approximately 3, 000 (some put it 5, 000 ) languages, which can be grouped into roughly 300 language families on the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar. 据估计，世界上约 有 3 000 多种（有人认为 5 000 种 ）语言， 这些语言可以根据他们的基本词汇和语法的 相似性大致划分为 300 个谱系。
❖ 2 - The Indo-European if most of the languages of Europe, the Near East, and India. 印欧 语就是其中之一。该语系包括欧洲的大多数 语言、近东诸语言和古梵语。
Norwegian, Icelandic, Danish and Swedish, which are generally known as Scandinavian languages. Then there is German, Dutch, Flemish and English. 日耳曼语族包括 4 门北欧语言：挪威语，冰 岛语，丹麦语和瑞典语，这 4 门语言统称为 斯堪的纳维亚 语。其次是德语，荷兰语，佛 兰芒语和英语。
❖ If we say that Old English was a language of full endings. Middle English was one of leveled endings. 如果说古英语是全词尾的话，那么中古英 语的词尾已去了一半
❖ 3 - They accordingly fall into eight
principal groups, which can be grouped
into an Eastern set: Balto-Slavic , Indo-
Iranian , Armenian and Albanian ; a
Western set: Celtic, Italic, Hellenic,
Germanic.
这些语族相应地分为 8 大
语族，这 8 大语族又可分为东部诸语族。东
部诸语族有波罗的海-斯拉夫语族，印 度-伊
朗语族，亚美尼亚-阿尔巴尼亚语族; 西部诸
语族有凯尔特语族，意大利语族，希腊语族，
日耳曼语族。
❖ 4 - In the Eastern set, Armenian and
❖ 2.2.2 Middle English (1150-1500) -中古英语
❖ Although there were borrowings from Latin, the influence on English was mainly Germanic. 虽然英语也从拉丁语中借词，但影响英语的主要还 是日耳曼语。
❖ 5 - In the Indo-Iranian we have Persian. Bengali, Hindi, Romany, the last three of which are derived from the dead language Sanskrit.
印度-伊朗语族语族波斯语，孟加拉国语，印 地语，吉普赛语，后 3 门语言来源于已经消 亡的古梵语。