大学英语段落翻译

中国体育 中国的体育运动经历了几千年的发展，但 直到1949年中华人民共和国成立才成为一 项国家事业。在过去的50多 年中，我国 的体育运动取得了可喜的成绩。2008年， 北京成功举办了第29届奥运会，使这次奥 运会成为弘扬奥林匹克精神(Olympic spirit)、促进世界和平、增进各国人民友 谊的一次盛会。目前，为更好地发展中国 体育,一个全国范围的体育运动网已经建 立起来了。
十二生肖 为了让人们更好地记住年份，我们的祖先用12 只动物来代表年份。即“十二生肖”(Chinese Zodiac['zəʊdɪæk] n. 黄道带，十二宫图)。每一年由一种 动物代表，每隔12年进行一个循环，从鼠开始， 以猪为结尾。每一种动物还有其独特的文化内 涵 (cultural connotation}。例如，牛年出生 的人据说“勤奋、冷静、可靠”，虎年出生的 人则“强大、勇敢、但又急躁”。十二生肖在 亚洲的其他国家，如韩国和 日本也很流行。
3.第3句中的“使这次奥运会成为……的一次盛会” 表结果， 故用分词短语作结果状语，译作making it a grand gathering， 定语“弘扬奥林匹克精神、促进世界和平、增进各国人民友 谊的”较长，故将其处理成定语从句，用三个并列动词来表 达：that carried forward... promoted..，and enhanced...。 4.最后一句中的“一个全国范围的体育运 动网已经建立起来 了”虽然形式上是主动的，但意义上却表被动，故翻译时需 转換成被动语态，译作a nationwide network for sports has been set up。“为更好地发展中国体育”表目的，故将其处 理成目的状语to develop China's sports in a better way。
4. 最后一句中的“禁烟令涉及的公共场所包 括”如果直译为the public places that thwk.baidu.com ban includes are... 则显生硬，故将主语“公 共场所"转换为地点状语，表达为the ban prohibits smoking in public places such as...,使句子更自然顺畅。
Name-based train ticket system can help protect citizens‘ right to take trains and avoid inequality in selling train tickets currently. The railway is a public resource. Name-based train ticket system has standardized tickets selling and checking procedure, which guarantees equal distribution of ticket resource and can help protect passengers‘ rights. To some extent, the name-based system suppresses ticket scalpers and partly solves the difficulty of buying a train ticket. The name-based system is originally aimed at solving the problem of being hard to buy train tickets，thus sending train tickets to the needed. So to speak， by making ticket resource more sufficient, the name-based train ticket system further safeguards passengers’ rights.
大学英语段落翻译
火车票实名制(name-based train ticket system)有 利于维护公民乘坐火车的权利，改变当前火车票售 卖过程中的不公平现象。铁路系统是公共资源，火 车票实名制规范售票、检票程序，使资源得到 公 平分配，有利于维护乘客利益。实名制在一定程度 上遏制了票贩子(ticket scalper)，缓解了购票难的 问题。火车票实名制的初衷就是要解决买票难的问 题，使火车票到达真正需要的人手里。可以说，火 车票实名制使车票资源更加 丰富，进一步保障了 旅客的权益。
“循环”的后置定语
3.第4句中的“牛年出生的”宜处理成后置定 语，用分词短语born in the Year of Ox来表 达。“据说……”译为 is said to...。 4.翻译最后一句时，先译出主干(The Chinese Zodiac remains popular)。地点状 语“在亚洲的其他国家”用介词短语 in other Asian countries 来表达。
公共场所禁烟 中国实行在公共场所禁止吸烟的规定。此举旨在 遏制死于与吸烟有关的疾病(smoking-related diseases)的人数，并保护那些不抽烟民众的健 康。然而禁烟令的有效性却遭到了质疑，因为它 没有明确规定如何处罚那些违反规定的人。在中 国，大约有 3亿烟民。很多商家因为抽烟客人的 抱怨并不欢迎禁烟令。禁烟令涉及的公共场所包 括酒店、饭店、剧院和火车站候车室等。却不包 括办公场所 (workplace)。
表达难点 1.第1句中的“为了让人们更好地记住年份”， 如果直译成in order to make people remember the years more easily。表达不够 地道，有中国式英语的感觉。“让人们”是汉 语中约定俗成的表达，翻译时可“省译”，此 处表达为to order to remember即可。“即 ‘十二生肖’”可紧跟上文，用which引导的 非限制性定语从句来表达。 2.第2句中的“每隔12年进行一个循 环”可以 用every 12 years comes in a circle表达，主 语every 12 years为整体念的单数名词。“从 鼠开始，以猪为结尾”用现在分词短语 beginning with Rat and ending with Pig来表达，作
A ban on smoking in public places has come into force in China. The move is aimed at curbing the number of deaths from smoking-related diseases and protecting the health of other nonsmoking people. But the ban has been questioned on its effectiveness because it doesn't specify any penalty for those violating the rules. The number of smokers in China stands at around 300 million. Many businesses don't welcome the ban because of the complaints about such rules from their customers who smoke. The ban prohibits smoking in public places such as hotels, restaurants，theatres, and waiting rooms at railway stations, but not in the workplace.
表达难点
1. 第1句中的“直到1949年……才成为一项国家事业”中 “直到……才”采用not...until句型。“中华人民共和国成 立”可处理成修饰“1949 年”这个时间的定语从句，译 作when the People's Republic of China was founded。 2.第 2句中的“体育运动取得了可喜的成绩”如果直译成 the sports have made great achievements则表达有误， 因为“取得成绩”的是“人”,但此句不用强调施动者， 故译为great achievements have been made in sports， 表达更地道，也符合英语常用被动语态的习惯。
表达难点
1.第1句可译为China has enforced a ban on smoking in public places，但把主语转化为“禁止吸烟的规定”(a ban on smoking)更胜一筹，更能突出主题。 2. 第3句中的“它没有明确规定如何处罚那些违反规定的 人”如果逐字对译为doesn't specify how to punish those who violate the rules则显得复杂冗长，不符合英语表达习 惯，故将“处罚”转换成名词，作动词“明确”的宾语， 表达为specify any penalty。“违反规定的”用分词短语 violating the rules来表达。 3.第4句“在中闻，大约有3亿烟民”可译为there are about 300 million smokers in China。而更有新意的译法 是用“(数量)达到……”的短语stand at来表达，更为生动。
China's sports have undergone thousands of years of development. But it was not regarded as an undertaking of the state until 1949 when the People's Republic of China was founded. In the past 50-odd years, great achievements have been made in China's sports. Beijing hosted the 29th Olympic Games in 2008 successful, making it a grand gathering that carried forward the Olympic spirit, promoted world peace, and enhanced the friendship among people of the world. Now a nationwide network for sports has been set up to develop China's sports in a better way.
翻译讲解
1.有利于:用“help+动词原形”即可表达出 “对…起促进、帮助作用”的意思。一般情况 下,“有利于”还可译为benefit, in one's favor或 be beneficial to。 2.遏制票贩子:此处指“打击不法分子的倒卖车票 的行径”，故“遏制”可译为suppress或curb。 3.缓解购票难问题:可理解为“部分解决了购票难 的问题”，故译partly solves the difficulty of buying a train ticket。 4.初衷:可译为be originally aimed at。进行词性 转化利于行文。
In order to remember the years more easily, our ancestors used twelve animals to represent the years, which is called the "Chinese Zodiac". Every year is represented by an animal and every 12 years comes in a circle beginning with Rat and ending with Pig. Each animal has its unique cultural connotations. For example, a person born in the Year of Ox is said to be hard working, calm, and reliable, while the person born in the Year of Tiger is powerful, brave, and impatient. The Chinese Zodiac remains popular as well in other Asian countries, such as Korea and Japan.