大学法律英语重点

Legal English

考试分数占70 上课回答问占10 Presentation 占20

客观题

填空 主观题 名词解释

占20 判断 占80 简答题

选择 翻译

论述题

第一章 总体介绍

重点 前五个

关键词 法系 英美法特点 两个主义 遵循先例 三推一

1.【legal family 】

The doctrine of legal families seeks to establish common groups, identifying similar legal practices, activities and subject matter and thereby classifying the entirety of global legal transactions and activities into "families" according to particular criteria. The traditional and almost exclusive focus on the continental European and Anglo-American systems.

法系的信条是争取建立共同的团体,识别相似的法律实践,活动和主题从而将整个全球法律事务和活动分为“家庭”根据特定的标准。传统的和几乎独有的法律都集中在欧洲大陆和英美系统。

Main characteristic

① In the way of thinking and mode of operation of law, the common law system is the use of inductive methods. 归纳法

② in the legal form, the case law plays an important role.判例法很重要

③In the classification of the law, common law there is not strictly department law In the classification of the law, common law there is not strictly department law 普通法无严格分类 ④In education law area, common law in the United States is mainly located in vocational education.职业教育

⑤In the legal profession, judges of the Federal Court of Justice are generally from lawyers. 从律师做到法官

4.【遵循先例原则】

后文也有此处提到The Doctrine of Stare ; The doctrine of stare decisis; Stare Decisis; the principle of stare decisis; the Precedent Principle.

5.【犯罪构成理论：三推一】

The theory of constitution of crime in civil law system.

犯罪构成理论，强调严格以制定法为依据，将行为人和行为带入犯罪构成体系中进行衡量，得出是否构成犯罪的结论。

Criminal facts Illegality accountability Declare guilty

犯罪的事实基础对行为的法律评价对行为人的主观评价犯罪、违法有责

6.【英美法系中的犯罪的宪法理论】

Step I Jury 陪审团可以独立做出被告人有罪或无罪的裁断，只有做出有罪裁断时，法官才适用刑法。

Step 2 discretion 自由裁量权法官通过习惯法否定制定法

Step 3 right of appeal 上诉权国家从上诉内容和上诉人权上进行严格的限制，为了维护法官

的自由裁量权，上诉法院只对特别明显的错误进行改判

7.【Dictation 听写】

There are many different legal systems in the world. In fact, every ___legal system has its own characteristics. However, the degree of difference varies, with some systems bearing more ______to others. As a result, the world can __ ____ __ several legal families. Without doubt, the ___ __ __ __and __ __ ___Legal System are the most important legal families in the world. The former is also called the English Legal System or _ _____Legal System, while the latter is also called __ ___ __ ___or the __ __ __ ＿＿or ＿＿Legal System.

是否应该引入陪审制度Whether China's jury system should be adopted

①我认为引进陪审制度能够让公民投入法律实践中，陪审制度可以增进公民对于司法的了解。

I think the introduction of jury system can let citizens in legal practice, jury system can improve citizen for the judicial understanding.

②我们都知道现在法官压力很大，陪审团的设立能够让判决透明化和公正化，陪审团有利于分担法官的压力。

We all know that the judge has a lot of pressure right now, the jury can make decision of judge transparent and justice, the jury contribute to share the pressure of the judge.

③陪审团制度能够避免司法腐败，保证司法的廉洁。

The jury system can avoid the judicial corruption, and ensure judicial integrity.