动词-ed分词的用法讲解
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动词-ed分词得用法
一、基本概念
1、分词得定义
1、动词得-ed分词即过去分词,就是由动词得过去分词构成,一般只有一种形式。
2、过去分词得语法作用:
过去分词一方面具有动词得性质,另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词(相当于被动语),在句中可以作表语、定语、状语与补足语。
1)过去分词作表语,主要表示主语得心理感觉或所处得状态。
如:
Don't touch theglass becauseit isbroken、不要碰那个杯子,它就是坏得(它就是被打坏得).
Heis quite pleased with thedesign of the dress、她很喜欢那礼服得式样。
2) 过去分词做定语:
单个得过去分词作定语一般放在名词得前面,相当于一个定语从句。
如:
The excited people rushedinto the building、激动得人们奔进了大楼.
(excitedpeople被激动了得人)
W e need more qualified teachers、我们需要更多合格得教师。
(被资质认证过得老师,或经过资质认证得老师。
)
过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰得词后面,相当于一个定语从句.如:
Is there anything planned for tomorrow?明天有什么活动吗?
Thesuggestion madeby the foreignexpert wasadopted by the manager、外国专家提出来得建议被经理采纳了。
过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语,前后用逗号隔开。
如:
The books,written by Lu Xun,are popular withmany Chinese people、
这些书就是鲁迅写得,受到了许多中国人民得喜爱。
The meeting,attended by one thousand students,was asucces s、
这次会议获得很大得成功,共有一千个学生出席了.
3) 过去分词做状语:
—ed分词与-ing分词作状语一样,也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
①表时间,相当于一个时间状语从句,有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念.如:
Seen from the top of the hill,the city lookedlike a big garden、从山顶上瞧,这个城市就像一个大花园。
Accepted by theParty,hedecided todevote hislifeto the cause ofthe Party、
入党以后,她决定献身于党得事业.
②表原因,相当于一个原因状语从句。
如:
Deeply movedbythe story,theexcited peoplestopped quarrelling with each other、
激动得人们被那个故事深深地感动了,停止了争吵。
Encouraged by thespeech,theyoung people made up their minds to takeup thestruggle、
受到了讲演得鼓舞,年轻人决定起来从事斗争。
③表条件,相当于一个条件状语从句,有时过去分词前可用if等词。
如:
Given another chance, he will do better、再给她一次机会,她会做得更好。
pared with your brother, youshould make greater efforts tostudy English、
与您哥哥相比,您应该更加努力学习英语。
If heated, water canbe turned into steam、水如果被加热,会变成水蒸气。
④表让步,相当于一个though/although引导得让步状语从句。
如:
Exhausted by the running,they went on runningafterthe robber、尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽,她们还就是继续追赶着那个强盗。
Laughed at by many people,hecontinued hisstudy、
尽管被许多人嘲笑,她还就是继续她得研究.
⑤表方式或伴随情况。
如:
The oldman wentintotheroom,supportedbyhiswif e、
那个老人在她得妻子得搀扶下走进了房间。
Seated at thetable, my father and I were talking about my job、
我与父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我得工作问题.
4)过去分词作补足语:
过去分词可以在see,hear,notice, watch,find, get,have,feel,m ake,leave,keep等词后与一名词或代词构成复合宾语,用作宾语补语。
如: Whenwill you go tothe hospital andhaveyour tooth examined?
您什么时候去医院检查您得牙齿?
When you are makingaspeech,youshouldspeak louderto makeyourself heard、
当您在作报告时,您应该讲响一点使自己被人听清。
★当这类句子变成被动语态时,过去分词用作主语补语.如:
One of theglasseswas foundbroken、有人发现其中一个杯子破了.
Theyshould be kept informed of thesituation there、应该让她们知道那儿得形势。
二、特别提醒
1、过去分词作状语时,它得逻辑主语一般必须与句子得主语相一致。
如:When asked whyhecame here, the boy kept silent、
当那个男孩被问到为何来这里时,她沉默不语。
Bornand broughtupin the countryside,he was interested in biology、
由于在农村出生并长大,她对生物很感兴趣。
如果过去分词得逻辑主语与句子主语不一致,必须使用过去分词得独立主格结构。
2、动词have后所接得三种宾语补语:
have somebody/something do something 不定式作补语必须省去to,不
定式动作由宾语发出,表示一次性得动作。
如:
I had the workers do the jobforme、我让工人们替我完成了工作。
Jim often has his father help himwith his homework、
吉姆经常让她得父亲帮助做家庭作业。
havesomebody /something doingsomething-ing分词作补语,分词动作也由宾语发出,强调动作得延续或正在进行。
如:
They hadthe tractor working all the time、她们让拖拉机一直工作着。
W e wo n’thave thechild talking tohis motherlike that、我们不能让那个孩子那样对她得妈妈说话。
have somebody/somethingdone过去分词作补语,宾语与补足语之间有逻辑上得被动关系,通常有两种情况:
①主语让别人做某事,强调主语得意志。
如:
He had hishair cut yesterday、她昨天理发了。
Later onthe center hada great many newtrees planted、后来,这个中心让人种了很多树。
②主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣得环境,说明宾语得一种无意识得被动行为.如:
Hehad his legbroken in the matchlastmonth、她在上星期得比赛中摔断了腿。
He had oneeye lost in thewar、在战争中,她失去了一只眼睛。
3、非谓语动词得被动式作定语得三种形式:
thebridge to be built 将要建造得桥(表示将来得动作)
thebridgebeing built正在建造得桥(表示正在进行得动作)
the bridge built造好得桥(表示完成得动作)
4、过去分词与–ing分词作表语得区别:
过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处得状态或感受,而-ing分词作表语多表示主语所具有得特征,如:
Hearing the news, we feltvery surprised、听到那个消息,我们感到很惊讶Thenewsisverysurprising、这个消息很令人惊讶。
They were frightened to hearthe frighteningsound、她们听到那可怕得声音很害怕。
At thesightof the moving scene, allthe people presentw eremovedto tears、
瞧到这么动人得情景,所有在场得人都感动得流下了眼泪。
英语中这样得分词还有很多,如:amusing,amused;encouraging,encouraged; disappointing,disappointed;exciting,excited;puzzling, puzz led; satisfying,satisfied;worrying,worried; tiring,tired;pleasing,pleased;interesting,interested;astonishing,astonished等。
5、过去分词与–ing分词作定语得区别:
过去分词作定语与-ing分词作定语有一定得区别。
试比较下面几组短语:
boiledwater开水boiling water正沸腾得水
developed countries发展得国家developingcountries发展中国家
fallenleaves落叶falling leaves 正在飘落得叶子
changedcondition改变了得情况changingcondition变化着得情况由此可见,过去分词作定语通常表示完成得或被动得动作;而-ing分词作定语可以表示正在进行得主动得动作。
专项练习
1。
(1)_____from the top of the TV tower, and we can get a beautiful sight o fmostof the city、
(2)_____ fromthe topoftheTV tower, wecan getabeautifulsight of most ofthecity、
A、Tosee B、SeenC、SeeingD、See
2、All things_____, the planned trip will have to be called off、
A、be considered
B、considering C、having consideredD、considered
3、______ the bigsnake,thelittle girl stood underthetree_____ out of herlife、
A、Saw;frightenedB、Seen;frightened
C、To see; frighteningD、Seeing;frightened
4、Generally speaking,______ according tothe directions, the dru ghas no side effect、
A、When taking
B、whentaken
C、whento take
D、when to be taken
5、The researchis so designedthatonce ______nothingcan be doneto change it、
A、begins
B、begun
C、beginning
D、having b egun
6、_____ in1613,Harvard is one ofthe most famous universitiesin theUnitedStated、
A、being founded
B、Founded C、It was founded D、Fou nding
7、If you goto Xi’an,youwillfindthe palaces there moremagnific ent than monly_____、
A、supposedB、supposing C、to suppose D、suppose
8、_____ more attention,the tree could have grown better、
A、Given
B、To give
C、Giving
D、Havinggiven
9、Inordernot to be disturbed,I spent threehours_____i nmystudy、
A、locking
B、to lock
C、locked
D、being locked
10、_____ withthe sizeof the whole earth,thehighestmountain does not seem high atall、
A、When pared
B、pare
C、While paring D、paring
11、Mrs、Bush stood______for a momentwhen an old soldier suddenly appearedbefore her、
A、surprisedB、surprising C、being surprised D、to be surprised
12、____ alone in the darkroom,thelittle boy was sofrightenedas to cry、
A、Leaving B、Left C、To be left D、Having le ft
13、_____to plete thejob on time, theysetout to work immediately、
A、Being determined
B、On having determined
C、Determined
D、To bedetermined
14、______ in a friendly way,their quarrel came to an end、
A、Being settled
B、Havingsettled C、SettledD、Sett ling
15、He must be angry,for we heardtheglass____ on the floor、
A、being broken
B、break
C、to bebreak
D、broken
16、Y ou can fly totheUK this morning _____ youdon’t mind chan ging planesin Hong Kong、
A、becauseB、provided C、unless D、so far as
17、_____ in thisway,the situation doesn't seemso disappointing、
A、To look
B、Looking at
C、Lookedat
D、Tobe looked at
18、_____inarecent science petition,the three students wereawardedscholarship totaling 21,000dollars、
A、To bejudged the best
B、Judgedby the best
C、Havingjudged thebest
D、Judgingthe best
19、 A coolrainwas falling, _____withsnow、
A、mixed B、mixingC、to mixD、havingmixed。