定语从句与状语从句

以下特定情况用which和whom不用that: 1. 非限制性定语从句不用that。 He was very crude to the customs officer, which of course made things even worse. 2.介词后不用that。 Do you know the boy to whom I spoke just now. 3. 如有两个定语从句，其中前一句用关系 代词that 则后一句应用which。 Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.
关系代词who的 选用：
在某些特定的情况下用关系代词who，不用 that。 1.先行词是one，anyone，those指人时，不 用that。 Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. 2.指人的先行词与定语从句之间被其它词隔 开。 I met a foreign student from Nanjing University who could communicate with me in Chinese.
4.Once more I have to leave Beijing, ___ I have been living for eight years. A that B where C which D as 5.This book is designed for the learners____ native languages are not English. A whose B which C who D what 6.She got to know the young man very well ____she had worked for so long. A to whom B in whom C whom D with whom
定语从句与同位语 从句的区分：
1.作用不同。定语从句是修饰和限制某一名 词和代词的从句，同位语从句则是补充说 明某一名词，表示该名次具体内容的从句。 2.功能不同。定语从句中关系词在从句中充 当句子成分；同位语从句则由连词that引导， 引导词不充当任何成分。 The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing. The news that he lost his first match was really disappointing.
exercise
1.The advertisement company recently hired a designer______ had once won a prize in a national contest. A. whose B which C whom D who 2.I tired to get out of the business_____ I found impossible to carry on. A why B which C what D where 3.News came from the sales manager___ the new product had been selling well in the local market for three months. A whose B what C which D that
13.This is the hotel _______last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 14.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 15.This is one of the best films _______. A.that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked
9. Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise. A. it B. that C. which D. he
10.It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.. A. that B. which C. as D. it
关系代词
Fra Baidu bibliotek
关联词
Who、whom、whose、which、 that
关系副词
Where、when、why
关系连词的作用：
（1） 在主句和分句之间起连接作 用。 （2）又代表先行词在从句中担当 一定的句子成分。
关系连词用法：
人： Who、whom、that
物： Which、that 时间： when
定语从句
一、含义 在主句中担任定语的从句叫做 定语从句。位于所修饰的名词 或代词之后，这种名词或代词 叫做先行词。
(1) Yesterday I ran into an old friend who I hadn’t seen for years. (2) Anyone who sees the lion is asked to telephone the zoo.
地点： where
原因： why 所属格： Whose、of which
当先行词表人和物时，关系代词做主语 可用who/which/that，做宾语时用 who/whom/which/that 或省略。
关系代词与关系副 词的选择：
选用关系代词还是关系副词， 完全取决于定语从句的结构。 如定语从句中有主语和宾语， 则要求用关系副词，相反则用 关系代词。具体分三步走：
16.Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A.about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 17.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 18.I'm interested in ______you have said. A all that B. all what C. that D. which
1.This is the development zone_____ I visited last year. A. which B where 2. This is the development zone _____ I worked last year. A. which B where
关系代词which和 whom的选用：
1.分析先行词，先看先行词是表示人，物还 是时间，地点，原因，方式等。 2.分析代替先行词的关系词在从句中担任什 么成分，或者分析句子中缺少什么成分， 如需主语，表语，定语或宾语，则使用关 系代词（who，whom，that，which， whose）；如从句中需状语则用关系副词 （where，when，why） 3.判断是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语 从句。
That 用法：
1.先行词是指物的不代词，如：all, little, few, much, none, anything, nothing, everything等时。 如：I didn't understand the words all that he said. (当先行词是指人的不定代词：everyone， anyone时，关系代词用who） Eg. Anyone who leaves the room last ought to turn off the light.
• 如：who is the man that opened up the lab.
6.当先行词在从句中做表语，而关系代词也在从 句中做表语时。 如：He is said to be everything that an honest man should be. 7. That 用与限制性定语从句中即可表人也可表 物，在从句中做主语、宾语和介词宾语（介词 不能前置） eg. Here is the car that I told you about. 这就是我和你谈过的那辆汽车。 The person that you need to speak to is away on holiday. 你需要和他谈话的那个人现在正在休假。
7. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 8. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held. A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
3. Here be 或 There be 开头的句子。 Here is the man who often comes to my help. 4. 一个句子中指人的先行词有时带有两个定 语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用 that，另一个则多用who。 The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.
11.I called him by the wrong name, ____ mistake I apologize.
A that B when C for which D to which
12.Do you know the man _______? A.whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke
2.先行词由最高级、序数词所修饰。 • 如：This is the most beautiful place that I have been to .
3. 当先行词被the only, the very 等词修饰。
如：He is the only person that is reliable. 4.先行词既包括人，也包括物。 • 如：They always like to talk about the man and the things that they see on the road. 5. 当主句是以which 或who 开头的特殊疑问句 时。
as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两 个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且 在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同 之处主要有两点： (1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而 which不可。 (2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作 主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为 行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。
限制性定语从句
定语从句：
非限制性定语从句
区别：
1.限制性定语从句无 “,” ,非限制性定语 从句有。 2.非限制性定语从句不用that，关系词在 从句中做宾语时也不可以省略。
1.The person whom you should ask is Mr. Ball. 2.That man, whom I met yesterday, is a film director.