厦大口译08秋3级

2008年秋季厦门大学英语口译资格证书考试

3级试题

第一部分：汉译英

女士们、先生们，各位记者朋友们，大家下午好！

首先欢迎大家光临本次记者招待会。在回答大家提问之前，请允许我就海峡两岸教育学术交流的现状和前景作个简单介绍。

两岸教育交流已从上世纪８０年代个人对个人的小规模交流，发展到９０年代中期学校对学校的较大规模互访，从一开始学校之间非正式交流，发展到这几年学校之间签订正式合约。目前两岸教育交流迫切需要由民间的、单向的、非正常化的方式向政策层面保障的、双向的、正常化方向发展。//

近些年来，两岸高等教育交流成效显著，大陆已有近百所高校与台湾高校签订了校际交流与合作的协议，台生在大陆学习的环境得到了明显改善，大陆公布了多项政策，包括实行台生同等收费标准和设立台生奖学金，认可台湾教育行政部门核准的台湾高等学校的学历等等，并且出台了“欢迎台湾高校来祖国大陆招生”的政策，不断为台生在大陆学习提供各种便利措施。//

随着海峡两岸高等教育的交流与合作不断深入，我们在教师互派、举办学术会议、学生交流等方面都取得积极进展。据统计，2007年度，大陆教育系统应邀赴台交流人员近8000人次。应邀来大陆参加各种活动的台湾高校师生达3000多人次。2007年度大陆高校招收各类台湾学生共计2235人，在校台生达6568人。

我们认为，两岸大学应充分认识和利用海峡两岸关系发展的大好时机，充分发挥两岸大学的各自优势，促进两岸高等教育优势互补，共同繁荣两岸高等教育事业。//

在两岸人才交流上，积极创建两岸大学交流与合作的新平台，有效拓展交流与合作的渠道，加快推进双方学历和学分互认，以扩大双方学生流动的数量。尝试联合举办高等教育机构，开创两岸高校办学资源共享的新局面，真正实现两岸大学双赢合作。

在科研交流与合作上，两岸高校共同组建创新团队，联合建设具有重大攻关能力的科研平台与实验室，提升两岸高校的学术水准和整体科研创新能力。//

两岸高校要继承海峡两岸优良的文化传统，充分发挥两岸高校人才培养、科技创新、社会服务和文化引领的优势，寻找和平发展主题下两岸一流大学的共同责任，增进两岸教育界、科技界、企业界等的良性互动，共同建设海峡西岸经济区，为推动两岸经济社会发展、增进两岸人民福祉、促进两岸和平发展作贡献，为实现中华民族的伟大复兴作出卓越贡献。

现在请大家提问。//

Part two: English to Chinese

Mr. Chairman, Ladies and gentlemen,

It is an honour for me to be invited to this distinguished gathering. As a representative of the IMF, I’d like to discuss with all the delegates present here the important challenges of food security that will threaten the international community. Without claiming to have a definitive answer to our common problems, I would like to offer you a few lines of thought for consideration.//

Food security refers to the availability of food and one's access to it. A household is considered food secure when none of its members live in hunger or fear of starvation.

China's achievements in ensuring food security are most impressive. China has 1.3 billion mouths to feed and only 14% of its territory comprises arable land. Yet in less than 50 years after some devastating famines, China has emerged as the world's third largest food donor. According to a report by the World Food Programme released late last month, China donated 5.7million tonnes of food in 2005, mainly to neighbouring North Korea. It is only behind the United States and the European Union on the list of global food donors. //

Yet, in our world today, up to 2 billion people still lack food security due to varying degrees of poverty. T he world’s ever-decreasing number of farmers do not produce enough grain to feed the world’s ever-increasing number of people. 15,000 people die each day from hunger-related causes over the past few years. It is becoming increasingly difficult to maintain food security in a world troubled by various economic phenomena, namely peak oil prices, peak demands for water, grain and fish. //

As you can see from this slide, a rapid rise in commodity and food prices has taken place over the last few years. The increase has been almost 50 percent in the last year. And it is worth noting that food price increases have not been uniform throughout the world. Asia, the former Soviet Union, southern Africa and parts of Latin America have been particularly hard hit.

Let’s consider some of the major drivers of the sharp increase in food prices that have redefined the world’s food situation.//

First, there have been bad harvests in the past three years, reducing food supplies. On the other hand, demands have been on the rise due to the strong growth of emerging and developing countries as well as rising biofuel production in advanced economies. And lastly, high oil prices have driven up the cost of agricultural inputs, such as fertilizers, and transport. We can see that these recent changes coupled with the existing problems of changing global climate, increasing population growth, the diversification of diets and loss of agricultural land to residential and industrial development have all helped to push up the price of grain across the world, posing serious economic and political problems to developed and developing countries alike. //

During last week’s G8 summit, l eaders from the U.S., Britain, Japan, France, Germany, Canada, Russia and Italy, all expressed strong concern about rising oil and food prices, saying they pose a serious challenge to stable growth worldwide.

Food price shock has an immediate impact on food security in the short term. The rapid increase in food prices has an adverse impact on poverty, and effectively denies many poor people access to food. In the short term, the international community has to make efforts to get food to the most