商务英语函电第二版 Unit 1 Business Letter-writing
unit1函电
Part II Parts of Business Letters
3. Subject （主题） 主题的意义就在于使收信人一目了然明白信件的内容，可以使主题字母全部大写或 加下划线，也可用以下几个词，如： Subject: ORDER NO12; Re: : ORDER NO12; 4. Enclosure （附件） 附件指随信附寄了文件或物品, 可写为: Enclosed is my resume. ; Enclosure: A Resume ; Enc. : A Resume. 如附寄多个文件，则须加上编码, 如Enclosure3 ; Enc. 3 ; Encl. 3 1. A Resume 2. A Picture 3. A Letter of Reference
Contents
I Lead-in II Parts of Business Letters III Layouts of Business Letters
IV Writing Principles of Business Letters
V Envelope Addressing & Email Addressing VI Business Link VII More to Practice
Part II Parts of Business Letters
II. Seven Optional Parts (七个次要部分) 次要部分，又称为可选择部分或辅助性部分。因此，写信人可根据自身的需要， 有针对性地选择若干个次要部分添加在信函中，目的是使该商务信函更加具体、清 晰。这七个次要部分如下： 1. The Reference Number （编号） 编号一般可位于信头下面空一行处。形式可如下: Our ref. 123 Your ref. 45 目的是使写信人和收信人都快速地联想起前几次相关函电。 2. The Attention Line（注意项） 注意项是提醒该信函应提交给某特定的人或该公司某部门。形式可如下: For the attention of Mr. Joe Brown Attention : Mr. Joe Brown Attention : Mr. Joe Brown
商务英语函电 (1)
《商务英语函电》
Unit 1 Introduction to English Business
Business Situational Design
Knowledge Objective Skill Objective
Situation:
Business Situational Design
Warm Up
Summary of Project
Master the basic parts of a business letter
《商务英语函电》
Unit 1 Introduction to English Business
Skill Objective
Knowledge Objective Skill Objective
Practice Training
Skill Training
Summary of Project
《商务英语函电》
Unit 1 Introduction to English Business
Specimen Letters
Knowledge Objective Skill Objective
2. Layout of business letter Sample 1 The Indented Style（缩进式）
Specimen Letters
Knowledge Objective Skill Objective
1.Standard business letters Sample 1
Specimen Letters
Warm Up
Business Situational Design
Notes
Trade Terms and Typical Sentences
商务英语函电1PPT课件
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Essentials of Business Letter-writing
7 c's principles
--Clarity (use simple, plain language, avoid wordy expressions which are likely to create misunderstanding)
International Business Communication
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Session One Course Introduction &Unit One
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Course Introduction
International Business Communication is a course to help you get familiar with The layout(格式） Special terms and expressions(主要内容） Certain writing techniques used in different steps of international trade.(写作 技巧） ---Unlike other theory-oriented courses, this one focuses mainly on practice.
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4 The Salutation
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• Messrs is not used in the following cases: • --When an individual is addressed: • The Chief Accountant • Edvard Collins& Co. Ltd. • --When the company name is impersonal: • Cabinet Industrial Co. • --When a coutesy title is already included: • Dr. H. Willis& Co.Ltd. • --When the title begins with "the" • The Robinson Furniture Co.
Unit 1 Business Letter Writing商务信函写作
Phone Calls, Conversations and Meetings
The main advantage of a phone conversation is that it allows both parties to respond to each other immediately.
Tell us more detailed information on your requirements --- Will you tell us more detailed information on your requirements? --- Will / would you please tell us more detailed information on your requirements?
去除陈词滥调
We have acknowledged receipt of your letter of May10th. → We have received your letter of May 10th.
Enclosed herewith please find two copies of our latest price list for your reference. → We enclose two copies of our latest price list for your reference。
Types of Business Communications
e-mail messages, memos, letters, reports, phone calls, meetings and conversations.
E-mail Message
外贸英语函电第一章 Business Letter Writing -An Introduction
1.1.1 Clearness（清楚） 1. Pay attention to sentence structure to convey your meaning; 2. Avoiding ambiguous sentences and needless jargon; 3. Use plain, simple words and short sentences; 4. Statements in well-constructed sentences and paragraphs.
1.2 The Structure of Business Letters A business letter consists of seven principal parts: (1) the letter-head (including the date) (2) the inside name and address (3) the salutation (4) the subject heading or caption (5) the opening sentences (6) the body of letter (7) the closing sentences (8) the complimentary close (9) the writer’s signature and official position (10) the enclosure (11) the postscript
1.2.4 The Subject Heading or Caption（事由） 事由写在称呼下两行，一般是在信纸中央的位 置，但如果是平头式则由左边沿线写起。写事 由的目的是使对方收发人员看到之后可以迅速 转递给经办人，这对于业务繁忙的外贸公司来 说，可以节约大量时间，并提高工作效率。一 般情况下，事由不要省略，要简明扼要地说明 来信的主旨，例如商品、运输、包装、保险、 信用证和索赔等。有时其前面加上Re：，意思 是“关于”。例如，关于鞋子，Re: shoes；关 于信用证第123号，Re: L/C No.123。
(完整版)《商务英语函电教程》Unit1商务信函写作基础
➢ These are marked “Our ref:” and “Your ref:” to avoid confusion:
Your ref: AMD/IP
Our ref: WRL/QN
position:
They are often placed two lines below the letterhead.
15 PARKGTE ROAD, LONDON SW12 4NQ. U.K.
Reference
Include:
a file number, departmental code or the initials of the signer followed by that of the typist of the letter.
Letterhead Reference Dateline Inside Name and Address Salutation Subject Line Body Complimentary Close Signature
Letterhead
Letterhead includes the sender’s name, postal address, the company’s logo, telephone number, telex number, cable address and
Shanghai Huali Imp. & Exp. Co., Ltd
Room 606 Plaza Building,
Fax: 86-21-64253378
1302 Meilong Road, 200237
Tel: 86-21-64255578
Shanghai, People’s Republic of China E-mail:huali188@
Chapter One Business Letters (商务信函) business_letter_外贸函电
Chapter One Business Letters (商务信函)1.1IntroductionBusiness letter is the most frequently used form of communication. Business executives are supposed to write good business letters as to carry out business routine efficiently.All business letters have two main functions. One is to ask for and give a reply to an enquiry, offer, order or complaint. The other one is to keep a record of all the important facts for ready reference. An effective business letter will say what the writer wants it to say clearly and simply.A business letter that is neat, easy to read, and present a professional image will leave a good impression on the reader.1.2Writing Guide1.2.1The Essentials of Business Letter Writing——7 “Cs” principlesClarity清晰: Try to express yourself clearly. Keep in mind the purpose of the letter; Use appropriate words in correct sentence structures; A void ambiguous sentences. Conciseness简洁: Say things in the fewest possible words. Try to avoid wordiness or redundancy. Courtesy礼貌: Not mere politeness. Always keep in mind the person we are writing to, see things from his point of view, visualize him in his surroundings, see his problems anddifficulties and express our ideas in terms of his experience.Consideration体谅: It emphasizes Y ou-attitude rather than We-attitude.Keep the reader’s request, needs, desires, as well as his feelings in mind.Correctness正确: Appropriate and grammatically correct language, factual information and accurate reliable figures, as well as the right forms and conventions.Concreteness具体: Make the message specific, definite and vivid.Completeness完整: Provide all the information and data necessary for a specific issue.1.2.2 The Structure of business lettersLetterhead 信头The letterhead indicates the name, address, telephone, fax number and E-mail address of the company sending the letter. Many companies use letterhead stationery. If letterhead stationery is not available, you can type the heading, which includes a return address, and leaves about a two-inch top margin.Reference 编号The reference may include a file number, department code or the initials of the signer followed by that of the typist of the letter. Type the reference number below the letterhead in short form as“Our ref.:”for the sender’s reference number, and “Y our ref.:”for the recipient’s. The purpose of this is to facilitate filing of the letter, link it with previous correspondence.Date 日期There is no rule for the date placement. If you use letterhead stationery, place the date one to three blank lines beneath the letterhead. If without letterhead, place the date immediately below the return address. Writing date in English goes in two styles:American Style-- The standard order: month, day, year. Example: September 12, 2008.British Style --The standard order : day, month, year. Example: 12 September, 2008.Mailing or In-house Notation 邮递方式Mailing notation shows the specific means of delivery for the convenience of verification. Besides there are two other commonly used forms of mailing notation, e.g. by courier and by EMS. Type them two lines below the date and in all capital Letters.Mailing notations: e.g. “special delivery”, ”airmail”, ”registered mail”, “certified mail”In-house notations: e.g. “personal”, “confidential”.Inside name and address 封内名称及地址It should include some or all parts of the following: the name of the recipient, the department name, company name, suite or room number, street address, city, postcode, state/province and country. It appears on the left margin and usually starts two to fourlines below the date. It appears exactly the same way as on the envelope.Precede the addressee’s name with a courtesy title (such as Mr., Ms. or Dr.) The person’s job title can be placed on the same line of the person’s name, or on the line below.e.g.: （1）Mr. Dick Eaton, President （2）Ms. Patricia T. HigginsAssistant V ice PresidentIf the name of a specific person is unavailable, you may address the letter to the department, followed by the name of the company.e.g.: （1）Customer Service DepartmentAcme Construction CompanyAttention Line 主送，The attention line is used to name the specific individual the letter is addressed to. It is usually placed between the inside address and the salutation or within the inside address and centered over the body of a letter in the indented style. Its abbreviation is Attn.. It suggests that the sender hopes the letter receives the immediate attention of a certain person or a specific department. Salutation 称呼The salutation is the polite greeting with which a letter begins. Place it twolines below the inside address. The salutation should correspond to the first line of the inside address, The customary formal greeting in a business letter is “Dear Sir”or “Dear Madam”used for addressing one person; and “Dear Sirs”, “Dear Mesdames” or “Gentlemen”for addressing two or more people. If the addressee is known to you personally, a warmer greeting such as “Dear Mr. Smith”is preferred. Quite often now companies are owned and /or managed by women, and it is more and more customary to use the greeting: Dear Madam or Sir, if you are not sure whether the letter will be read by a man or a woman. If the addressee is a group, use “Ladies and Gentlemen”. Or you may use a polite description, such as “Dear Friends”, “Dear SPA supporters”. End the salutation with a colon, or a comma.Subject Line/Caption 标题或事由The subject line is the general idea of a letter. It calls recipients’attention to the topic of the letter. It is often inserted between the salutation and the body of a letter, usually two lines below the salutation. It is also useful as a guide for filing. Some companies omit the word “Subject:”, some replace it with “Re:”or “re:”(meaning “regarding”), and some underline the subject line. The following forms are commonly used:SUBJECT: SALES CONFIRMATION NO. 5678 FOR 300MT OF SOYBEAN OILSubject: Sales Confirmation NO. 5678 for 300Metric Tons of Soybean OilBody 正文This is the most important part of a letter. It expresses your idea, opinion, purpose and wishes, etc. It usually begins one or two lines below the salutation. Lines within a paragraph should be single-spaced and double-spaced between paragraphs.Complimentary Close 结束敬语The complimentary close is purely a matter of custom and a polite way of bringing a letter to a close. It appears one or two lines below the last line of the body. Capitalize the first word and end with a comma. The main words in complimentary closure are as follows: sincerely, faithfully, cordially, respectfully and truly. These words may appear in any of these combinations: Y our sincerely, Sincerely yours.Signature 签名The writer’s signature consists of a handwritten signature and a typewritten signature. Type the name under the complimentary closing, leaving enough blank lines (usually leave three blank lines) to sign your name. Never “sign”with a seal or stamp. Then type the signature identification and title. The writer’s signature should be placed between the complimentary closure and the typed signature.Multiple-Page Letter Heading 多页信的标题When typing a multiple-page letter, use letterhead for the first page. The following page or pages should have the same quality, size and color as the first page. The multiple-page heading bears the name of the recipient or his/her organization, the pagenumber, and the date.Reference Initials 主办人代号Consisting of the signer’s initials in capitals followed by a slash or colon followed by the lowercase initials of the person preparing the letter, this item serves as reminder of who prepared the letter. It should be placed at the left margin, two or three lines below the signature. When you type your own letter, don’t use initials. When the signature block includes the writer’s name, use only the typist’s initials. Reference initials are usually given in the form of “author’s initials/typist initials”, or “author’s initials: typist initials”.Enclosure Notation 附件When there is something enclosed with the letter, type the word “Enclosure”, or an abbreviation of it （Encl.）in the bottom left-hand, a double spaces under the reference initials, with a figure indicating the number of enclosures, if there are more than one.Y ou can use any of the following styles:Encl. :Enclosure:1. Purchase Order No. 12342. Check No. 123Carbon copy Notation 抄送When you send a copy of the letter to a third person, place a notation directly below the enclosure notation or reference initials. The copy notation is indicated with “C.C.”, or “c.c.”which is a holdover from the days of carbon copies. Many companies are now using “P.C.”(for photocopy).Postscript/P.S. 附言If you wish to add something you forget or for emphasis, you may usually add the postscript two lines below the carbon copy notation. Postscript may be preceded by “P. S.”, but this is not strictly necessary. In business letters, postscript is not commonly used, while in personal letters, it frequently appears. This item is usually used in the informal styles of letters.The adding of a P.S. should, however, be avoided as far as possible, since it can appear as afterthoughts, indicating a lack of planning. But studies show that postscripts are one of the first things people read and remember, especially when it is handwritten. It sometimes serves the purposes as a message that requires emphasis, or as a personal note.Look at the following example to see where the different parts go in a business letter.P.S.: Y ou get 5% discount if you book the space by the end of this month.1.2.3 The Formats of a business letterThere are various ways in which the component parts of a business letter can be laid out on the page. Choice of letter format is a matter of individual taste, but it is better to follow established practice, to which the business world has become accustomed. A good plan to make correct practice habit is to adopt one form of letter format and stick to it. The three main formats are as follows.1. Blocked Format With this letter style, all letter parts begin at the left margin. Because this style can save the typist’s time, so it has come to be much widely used and preferred now. The loss of clarity occasioned by the absence of indentations may be made good by increasing the number of separating line-spacing between paragraphs.2. Semi-blocked Format Like blocked format, all letter parts begin at the left margin, except the dateline, complimentary closing, company signature and writer’s identification, which are set against the right-hand margin. They are placed in this position for filing and reference purposes. It is also named as a modified blocked format.3. Indented Format The indented format may follow the same layout as either the blocked or semi-blocked formats, but will differ in that the paragraphs will each be indented by four or five spaces. It is a traditional format, especially in Britain.1.2.4 The Format of envelopes The envelope should match the stationery in color and style. Most companies have the return address in the upper-left corner of the envelope, giving the sameinformation as the letterhead. Otherwise you must type or write your return address the same way as you do for the inside address, usually in smaller typeface than the name and address of the receiver.Name and address of the receiver is always single-spaced with all lines aligned on the left, and they should be in all capital letter, with no punctuation at the end of each line. The order in writing the address is from the smallest division to the largest, just opposite to the Chinese custom in writing addresses.The in-house notation is placed three lines down the return address and is in all capital letters. The stamp is put at the upper right corner of the envelope with mailing notation, if there are any, given in all capital letters below the stamp.The format of the address on the envelope can be in blocked or indented style, but it is better to keep the same format with the inside address of the letter.1.3 Letters for example。
新编外贸英语函电写作教程Unit 1Business Letter Writing
5C
“完整原则”是指，信函内容应提供读者所需要的 所有信息，尤其像询盘、询问贸易条件等需要回复 的信函，内容更需要清楚完整。 信函是否完整，可以用“5W1H”来检验，即:
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Who When Where What why how
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5C
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Writing Model
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Writing Model-Structure
一般来说，外贸函电中涉及的每一封信函，均可按 内容的递进分为以下三个部分：
1. 首段问候语（opening paragraph），如下：
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5C
“礼貌原则”是指买卖双方应十分注重措 辞方式，要婉转、礼貌，以便对方接受。 在写作时，可以通过使用虚拟语气、委婉 语气等方法迂回地表达观点、提出要求。 例如：
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5C
1. If it were not for the large orders we receive from a number of our regular customers, we could not have quoted for supplies even at that price. 试比较：If it is not for the large orders we receive from a number of our regular customer, we cannot quote for supplies even at that price.
Unit 1 Business Letter Writing
Business letter writing Unit 1PPT课件
Unit One Business Letter-Writing
English for International Business Communication
Conciseness
Is a concise letter always a short one? If conciseness conflicts with courtesy,
What are the Three C’s?
Rules to Be Observed in Writing: 3 / 4 C’s
Clearness Conciseness Courtesy Correctness
Unit One Business Letter-Writing
English for International Business Communication
What will be the result if a letter is ambiguous? ■ HUoswe cgaonodth, isstrbaeigahvtfooirdweadr?d, simple English
i. Clearness means:
One sentence for one meaning only.
English for International Business Communication
外经贸英语函电
E-mail: Phone:
Course Requirements
Your regular attendance Homework Exercises
Mid-term examination Final-term examination
1.1. Essentials of Business LetterWriting
unit1 business letter writing
The improved version: We should have received the above order by the end of January. Would you please let us know right away what the status状况 is ?
(以上自动句明显比被动句式清楚的多，一 目了然。）
2. Conciseness
1. 2.
Is a concise letter always a short one? If a letter is ruthlessly concise, what impression will it give to the recipient or reader?
—If a letter is ambiguous, it will cause trouble to both sides, and further exchange of letters for explanation will become inevitable, thus time will be lost. To avoid ambiguity, it is essential to make sure that your letter is so clear that it cannot be misunderstood.
（2）to make or accept an offer —As requested by you some time ago, we take pleasure in making you the following offer, which is subject to your acceptance within 7 days.（按照贵方不久前的要求， 我们高兴地报盘如下，以贵方7天内接受为 有效。） __We find both quality and prices satisfactory and are pleased to give you an order for the following items.
商务英语函电Unit 1 Business Letter Writing
5）Salutation 称呼 Salutation is the complimentary greeting with which the writer opens his letter.
称 呼
位置：
必须齐头
正规场合下常用：
词首字母全大写， 用逗号或不用标 点符号
对男士：Dear Sir, 或Dear Sirs,或Gentlemen: 对女士：Dear Madam, 或Dear Mesdames,
518 Main Street Rochester,NY 14612 U.S.A. July 8, 2006
Mr. Galen Smith ABC Company 5688 Sussex St. Buffalo, NY 14384 U.S.A. Dear Mr. Smith,
We enclose details of our inquiry for fur coats to be delivered before the end of August. Will you please give us your prices for the quantity named? Yours faithfully, Mark Johnson
地址 由大到小
中国地址名称用英文写
单位名称
Sinochem Jiangsu Import and 大楼名称 Export Corporation 街道
Jiangsu International Business Mansion， 50 Zhonghua Road, Nanjing 城市 门牌号 210001, P. R. China
时间
3)Inside Name and Address 封内名称和地址
外贸函电第二版-Unit 01 英文商务信函写作的基本知识
Unit 1 Fundamentals of Writing English Business Letters 英文商务信函写作的基本知识
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1.1 Introduction（简介）
目的：掌握商务信函的写作要求、写作原 则、以及信封和信函的基本构成和行文要 求。
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1.2 Requirements for Business Letter Writers （商务信函的写作要求） 要写成功的商务信函，需要起草人具备以下条件： （1）精通英语（Good command of English） （2）通晓外贸理论和实务（Knowledge of business theory and practice） （3）通晓术语（Knowledge of technical terms） （4）通晓人的心理（Knowledge of psychology） （5）熟悉推销艺术（Skills in salesmanship）
如：Mr. John Smith, Page 2, June 3, 2005
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8. 信尾客套语（Complimentary close） 信尾客套语是一种礼貌，是结束信函的正式方式，类似中 文信函中的“此致，敬礼”等。
常用的有：Sincerely, Sincerely yours, Yours sincerely, Best regards；更亲切一点的有：Cordially, Cordially yours；再正式一些的有：Yours truly, Respectfully yours, Yours faithfully。
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1.3 Seven Guidelines of Writing English Business Letters（英文商务信函写作七原则）
国际商务函电——完整unit 1 business letter writing
abbreviations and abbreviated phrases 3. There is a close relation between BEC and
international trade
Examples:
in the market for, offer, quotation, order, counteroffer, letter of credit, CIF, FOB, ASAP, P.P.,YL11/11RVD
We will send you the brochure next month.
B. Focus on the positive approach.
Compare:
(positive) We feel sure that you will be entirely satisfied.
(negative) We do not believe you will have cause for dissatisfaction.
(1) Avoid using wordy expressions. For example: Wordy: We wish to acknowledge receipt of your letter… Concise: We appreciate your letter… Wordy: We have begun to export our electronic toys to countries abroad. Concise: We have begun to export our electronic toys.
《国际商务英语函电》课件-unit_1_信函写作1
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What are the functions of all business letters?
▪ 1) To ask for and give a reply to an enquiry, offer, order or complaint.
▪ 2)To keep a record of all the important facts for ready reference.
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1）Heading or Letterhead (信头)
信头对于任何信件来说都是重要的组成部分， 商业信函和官方公函尤其如此。
一般社交信函的信头包括发信人的姓名、地址、 邮政编码、电话号码、电传及传真号码以及email地址等，置于信笺右上角。
大多数商业信函和官方公函的信头一般采用社 交信函的信头，多数是专业设计的，且是已事 先印制好的信头（printed heading）,进行联系 时最好使用印有本公司或单位信头的信笺，
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封内地址可采用齐头式（block style），也可 采用缩进式（indented style）,齐头式较为普 遍，但采用缩进式时，信函的其他部分也必须 都采用缩进式。
缩进式
Mrs. Miriam Schwarts
1280 Coleman Avenue
Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.A. 68014 如果信函时写给公司而不是个人的话，则应先
Salutation:
__________________________________________ _____________________B_o_d_y__________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________
Unit 1 Business Letter Writing63页PPT文档
Introduction
The business letter is the principal means used by a business firm to keep in touch with its customers, often it is the only one in that the customers form their impression of the firm from the tone and quality of the letters it sends out. Generally, the function of a business letter may be said: (1) to covey a message; (2) to make or accept an offer; (3) to deal with matters concerning negotiation of business, etc.
本课程的目的是学习外贸业务书信的标准格式， 了解通过哪些途径来发展新客户，开拓新市场， 如何进行询购某商品，怎样报盘和还盘，怎样 灵活运用付款方式，如何做到重合同守信用， 怎样去审查信用证，做到不出差错，在理赔和 索赔中做到有理有利有节；学会拟写信函和电 传传真的写作技巧。
学习内容： 本课程主要学习信例，大量学习外贸实 务基本环节中有代表性的信例。外贸实 务基本环节有：建立业务关系和资信调 查、询盘、报盘和报价、还盘、订单， 履行订单、支付、包装和运输、信用证 的修改和展期、索赔和解决索赔等。
课程简介
本课程是一门将英语与外贸业务相结合的 课程。通过介绍外贸实务中各种英文业务函件， 电传和传真以及其它方式的写作格式，商业术 语和各种不同的表达方法，并通过介绍对外贸 易各环节的具体做法，使学生在提高英语水平 的同时，熟练掌握对外贸易业务中常用的基本 术语及表达技能，培养和提高他们的外贸业务 工作能力
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1. Consideration 体谅
It means： Take the “You-attitude” instead of “I/We-attitude”; Emphasize the positive rather than the negative approach; Get to the point immediately.
3.What should a business letter be like? It should be business-like. 1) Don’t use the language in literature; 2) Don’t use the language in private letters. Why? The business letter plays a very important role in a
1) Good English 2) Good knowledge of international trade business
II. The Principles of Business Letterwriting
The seven C’s :
Consideration Courtesy Clarity Conciseness Concreteness Correctness Completeness
I write to send my congratulations. Congratulations to you on your success!
We do not permit outside groups to use our equipment except on a cash rental basis.
Unit One
Business Letterwriting
Part One: Teaching Aims & Requirements
1. To learn about the functions of the business letter and its importance in business activities;
2. The functions of a business letter: 1) To ask for or to convey information;
2) To deal with matters concerning negotiation of business;
3) To confirm cables, telexes, telephones or face-to-face talks, especially important ones.
transaction; it is written in order to achieve a specific purpose and often gives rise to the legal obligations of the writer. 4.What does an effective business letter require?
Look at the following sentences and think about whether or not they are good sentences:
It is regretted that the goods cannot be sent today. We are pleased to inform you that the goods will be sent tomorrow.
2. To learn about the writing principles of business letters;
3. To study the layout of business letters, including the letter styles and the structure of the business letter, which is most important in this unit.
Part Two: Study of Business Letter-
writing
I. Introduction
1. Why is letter-writing so important nowadays?
Because at present many business messages are sent by way of fax or e-mail instead of traditional post, and the language and style used in the fax/e-mail message are almost the same as those used in the letter by post, letter-writing is again regarded as quite important in our international trade welcome to rent our equipment.
2. Courtesy 客气
This principle means: Follow the guidelines talked under consideration. Be sincere, tactful, thoughtful and appreciative. Avoid irritating, offensive or belittling expressions. If an apology is necessary, make it courteously and sincerely. Be prompt in answering letters. Look at the following sentences and think about whether or not