过去式的变化规则

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【过去式的变化规则】

①一般情况下,在动词原形后直接加ed。

如:wanted,played。

②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,直接加d。

如:hoped,lived。

③重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母,再加ed。如:stopped, shipped。

④以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i,再加ed。

如:studied,worried。

⑤有些动词不符合上面的规则,需要特殊记忆。

如:am(is)-was, are-were, go-went, eat-ate,

Swim-swam, buy-bought, see-saw,

Teach-taught, bring-brought, think-thought,

Fall-fell, hurt-hurt, break-broke, win-won,

Lose-lost

规则动词过去式加“ed”后的发音规则:

在浊辅音和元音后面[d]

Called borrowed

Moved [mu:vd] enjoyed

Welcomed answered

在清辅音后面[t]

Asked finished

helped [helpt]

passed [pa:st]

Reached

在[t]音后面[id]

wanted ['wCntid] started['sta:tid]

[d]音后面[id]

Needed ['ni:did] counted['kauntid]0

清:/p//t//k//f//F/s//W//tF//ts//tr/

浊:/b//d//g//v//V//z//T//dV//dz//dr/

补充说明:

规则动词的过去式由“动词原形+-ed”构成,具体变化有:

1. 直接在词尾加-ed。如: want—wanted, work—worked, need—needed, clean—cleaned

2. 以不发音的e结尾的在词尾加-d。如:like—liked, live—lived, use—used, move—moved

3. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,先双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-ed。如:stop—stopped, trip—tripped

4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先把y变成i,再加-ed。如:study—studied, carry—carried, hurry—hurried, marry—married

不规则动词的过去式大体上归纳有以下六条记忆法:

1. 以t结尾的词,过去式与原形相同。如:put—put, let—let, cut—cut, beat—beat

2. 以d结尾的词,把d变成t。如:build—built, lend—lent, send—sent, spend—spent

3. 以n结尾的词,在词后加t。如:mean—meant, burn—burnt, learn—learnt

4. 以ow / aw结尾的词,把ow / aw变成ew。如:blow—blew, draw—drew, know—knew, grow—grew

5. 含有双写字母的词,将双写改为单写,在词尾加t。如:keep—kept, sleep—slept, feel—felt, smell—smelt

6. 含有元音字母o / i的词,将o / i变成a。如:sing—sang, give—gave, sit—sat, drink—drank

规则动词的过去式变化如下:

1、一般情况下,动词词尾加-ed ,如:

work ---worked play---played wanted----wanted act----acted

2、以不发音的-e 结尾动词,动词词尾加-d,如:

live---lived move----moved taste---tasted hope---hoped

3、以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词,把-y变为-i 再加-ed,如:

study---studied copy---copied cry---cried carry---carried

4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop ---stopped

5、不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。

go – went make – made get – got buy - bought come - came fly-flew

不规则动词的过去式的构成

1.把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式。如:

begin—began,drink—drank,give—gave,ring—rang,sing—sang,sit—sat,swim—swam

2.把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式。如:

drive—drove,ride—rode,write—wrote

3.改动词原形中的aw /ow为ew,变成过去式。如:

draw—drew,grow—grew,know—knew,throw—threw(动词show除外,show—showed)

4.动词原形中的e改为o,变成过去式。如:

get—got,forget—forgot

5.动词原形中的ee改为e,变成过去式。如:

feed—fed,meet—met

6.动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式。如:

keep—kept,sleep—slept,sweep—swept

7.动词原形中的eak改为oke,变成过去式。如:

break—broke,speak—spoke

8.动词原形中的ell改为old,变成过去式。如:

sell—sold,tell—told

9.动词原形中的an改为oo,变成过去式。如:

stand—stood,understand—understood

10.以ought和aught结尾,且读音是〔:t〕的过去式。如:bring—brought,buy— bought,think—thought,catch—caught,teach—taught 11.以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式。如:

can—could,shall—should,will—would

12.把动词原形中的o改为a,变成过去式。如:

come—came,become—became

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