诊断学意识障碍双语
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Ⅱmoderate coma Vigorous stimuli may cause defensive reaction, but the corneal reflex and pupillary reflex are decreased without rotation in eyeballs 中度昏迷：剧烈刺激可有防御反应，角膜反射减弱，瞳孔反射 迟顿，眼球无转动
It can be divided three stages 分为三阶段
Three stages of coma 昏迷三阶段
Ⅰmild coma or semicoma Vigorous stimulation may cause a stirring or moaning, reflexes are preserved, ocular movements are obtainable. 轻度昏迷：对疼痛刺激有反应，反射存在，眼球可转动
stupor 昏 睡
Near to be unconscious 接近不省人事
Patient can be roused only by vigorous and repeated stimuli, when left unstimulated, quickly drift back into a sleep-like state 强刺激可被唤醒，但很快入睡
Definition of consciousness
意识定义
Consciousness is the general functions of the whole brain
是大脑高级神经中枢功能活动的综合表现 Awareness of self and environment 是人对周围环境及自身状态的识别和察觉 能力
Slow arousal elicited by speaking to patient or applying a tactile stimulus , response to spoken commands is correct. 可被唤醒，并能正确回答问题，做出各种反应
The patient is asleep again without stimulus 刺激除去后又再入睡
Somnolence 嗜 睡
Confusion 意 识 模 糊
Stupor 昏 睡
Coma
昏迷
Delirium 谵 妄
Somnolence 嗜 睡
Light degree of disorders of consciousness 最轻意识障碍
An inability to sustain a wakeful state 病理性倦睡，持续睡眠
Thalamus
丘 脑
Brainstem reticular formation
构
脑 干 网 状 结
internal sensory
external sensory
动
觉 冲
感
外
内 感 觉 冲 动
Sever systemic infections 重症感染
Metabolic disturbances 内分泌及代谢 障碍
Ⅲdeep coma Tone in limb muscles is diminished, no reaction of all kind is obtainable, all reflexes are in abeyance and vital signs are not stable. 重度昏迷：全身肌肉松驰，对各种刺激全无反应，深浅反射均 消失，生命体征不平稳
Confusion 意识模糊
Being in deeper degree of disturbance of consciousness than somnolence 比嗜睡深
Keeping simple mental functions 能保持简单精神活动
The patient is disorientation 定向力发生障碍
Etiology
病
Cardiovascular diseases 心血管疾病
因
Imbalance of fluid and electrolyte 水电解质平衡紊乱
Intoxications
外源性中毒
Physical injury or anoxia 物理或缺氧 性损害
Intracranial diseases except infection 颅内非感染性疾病
States of awareness maintaining the alert state (the function of reticular activating system)
i觉醒状态 维持觉醒状态（投射系功能）
Cerebral hemispheres
Biblioteka Baidu
层
大 脑 皮
Maintaining of consciousness 意识维持
Response to spoken commands is absent and inadequate during arousal 醒时回答问题模糊或答非所问
Coma 昏 迷
Serious disturbance of consciousness 严重的意识障碍
The patient is incapable of being aroused by external external stimuli or inner need 任何刺激不能使意识障碍程度减轻或转为清醒
Delirium 谵 妄
An acute confusional state is characterized by increasing excitability 兴奋性增高为主的高级神经中枢急性活动失调状态
There is manifest reduction in alertness and psychomotor activity with disturbance of orientation 意识清晰度下降，定向力障碍
The components of consciousness
意识组成
Contents of consciousness perception, emotion, intellection, behavior (the function of cortex)
意识内容 知觉、情感、意志、行为等（皮 层功能）
It can be divided three stages 分为三阶段
Three stages of coma 昏迷三阶段
Ⅰmild coma or semicoma Vigorous stimulation may cause a stirring or moaning, reflexes are preserved, ocular movements are obtainable. 轻度昏迷：对疼痛刺激有反应，反射存在，眼球可转动
stupor 昏 睡
Near to be unconscious 接近不省人事
Patient can be roused only by vigorous and repeated stimuli, when left unstimulated, quickly drift back into a sleep-like state 强刺激可被唤醒，但很快入睡
Definition of consciousness
意识定义
Consciousness is the general functions of the whole brain
是大脑高级神经中枢功能活动的综合表现 Awareness of self and environment 是人对周围环境及自身状态的识别和察觉 能力
Slow arousal elicited by speaking to patient or applying a tactile stimulus , response to spoken commands is correct. 可被唤醒，并能正确回答问题，做出各种反应
The patient is asleep again without stimulus 刺激除去后又再入睡
Somnolence 嗜 睡
Confusion 意 识 模 糊
Stupor 昏 睡
Coma
昏迷
Delirium 谵 妄
Somnolence 嗜 睡
Light degree of disorders of consciousness 最轻意识障碍
An inability to sustain a wakeful state 病理性倦睡，持续睡眠
Thalamus
丘 脑
Brainstem reticular formation
构
脑 干 网 状 结
internal sensory
external sensory
动
觉 冲
感
外
内 感 觉 冲 动
Sever systemic infections 重症感染
Metabolic disturbances 内分泌及代谢 障碍
Ⅲdeep coma Tone in limb muscles is diminished, no reaction of all kind is obtainable, all reflexes are in abeyance and vital signs are not stable. 重度昏迷：全身肌肉松驰，对各种刺激全无反应，深浅反射均 消失，生命体征不平稳
Confusion 意识模糊
Being in deeper degree of disturbance of consciousness than somnolence 比嗜睡深
Keeping simple mental functions 能保持简单精神活动
The patient is disorientation 定向力发生障碍
Etiology
病
Cardiovascular diseases 心血管疾病
因
Imbalance of fluid and electrolyte 水电解质平衡紊乱
Intoxications
外源性中毒
Physical injury or anoxia 物理或缺氧 性损害
Intracranial diseases except infection 颅内非感染性疾病
States of awareness maintaining the alert state (the function of reticular activating system)
i觉醒状态 维持觉醒状态（投射系功能）
Cerebral hemispheres
Biblioteka Baidu
层
大 脑 皮
Maintaining of consciousness 意识维持
Response to spoken commands is absent and inadequate during arousal 醒时回答问题模糊或答非所问
Coma 昏 迷
Serious disturbance of consciousness 严重的意识障碍
The patient is incapable of being aroused by external external stimuli or inner need 任何刺激不能使意识障碍程度减轻或转为清醒
Delirium 谵 妄
An acute confusional state is characterized by increasing excitability 兴奋性增高为主的高级神经中枢急性活动失调状态
There is manifest reduction in alertness and psychomotor activity with disturbance of orientation 意识清晰度下降，定向力障碍
The components of consciousness
意识组成
Contents of consciousness perception, emotion, intellection, behavior (the function of cortex)
意识内容 知觉、情感、意志、行为等（皮 层功能）