[考研类试卷]2013年四川外国语大学英语专业(基础英语)真题试卷.doc

[考研类试卷]2013年四川外国语大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷

一、填空题

1 The______of a cultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some physical aspect in the life style of the people.(manifest)

2 The two-week general strike left the country's railway system totally ______ and its economy bankrupt.(paralyze)

3 The Hindus in India, despite an ______ of cows, refuse to eat beef on religious grounds. (abundant)

4 It was all agreed that the first problem the new government would have to tackle was ______. (employ)

5 I think the essence of wisdom is______, as far as possible, from the tyranny of the here and the now.(emancipate)

6 His enormously successful broadcast on December 23, 1954, entitled "Man's Peril", paved the way for a ______ with noted physicist Albert Einstein on the famous Einstein-Russell Declaration.(collaborate)

7 Although in many parts of the world we can observe the association between modernization and fewer extended kinship ties, there are a number of______, most notably in certain Third World areas.(except)

8 Copious data is available to suggest that the______ of marriage varies widely, and in no societies do all marriages last until death.(permanent)

9 A 1994 Star Tribune/WCCOTV poll found that 128, 000 adults in Minnesota—four percent-showed signs associated with problem gambling and gambling______.(addict) 10 Health clinics at some Ivy League schools report that one of their frequent services to privileged young people is the treatment of clinical______.(depress)

11 Suppose, for example, that you are______in research in scientific medicine.(engage)

12 He changed his whole conception of human nature, and became for the first time deeply ______that Puritanism does not make for human happiness.(convince)

13 The basis of the family is, of course, the fact that parents feel a special kind

of______towards their own children, different from that which they feel towards each other or towards other children.(affect)

14 The first fleet carried 27, 870 men, including officers, soldiers, seamen, interpreters, medical orderlies, various artisans skilled in boat repair and______, and numerous officials in charge of everything.(maintain)

15 As well as the creation of new forms, vocabulary ______ can take place by giving new meanings to old forms.(expand)

16 Living in ______, John sold for 500 dollars the manuscript of his mother's first work which made her famous.(poor)

17 Being poor is also dangerous. Living in an ______ area of a U. S. city reduces your life expectancy by about nine years.(impoverish)

18 The authority of the state rests on two important foundations. First, it is the state that holds the exclusive right to use force and physical______.(coerce)

19 The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and ______ of all Indians but seems to be indifferent to the welfare of his animals.(consider)

20 Since she was his ______daughter, she would inherit a share of his fortune when he died. (legitimacy)

二、选择题

21 In addition to bettering group and individual performance, cooperation ______ the quality of interpersonal relationship.

（A）ascends

（B）compels

（C）enhances

（D）prefers

22 Although dolphins sometimes swim singly or in pairs, they usually______in large herds, often numbering in the hundreds.

（A）offset

（B）congregate

（C）fumble

（D）exhale

23 Horseback riding______both the skill of handling a horse and the mastery of diverse riding styles.

（A）unveils

（B）embraces

（C）strives

（D）buffers

24 A______refers to an animal that is born from its mother's body, not from an egg, and drinks its mother's milk as a baby.

（A）mammoth

（B）penguin

（C）mosquito

（D）mammal

25 Glass-fiber cables can carry hundreds of telephone conversations______.

（A）simultaneously

（B）temporarily

（C）permanently

（D）approximately

26 The eagle usually captures its ______ on the ground but may then carry it off to eat it elsewhere.

（A）prey

（B）prophet

（C）generator

（D）miniature

27 The Great Basin, the______desert in the United States, is almost completely devoid of trees.

（A）most conducive

（B）most egalitarian

（C）bluntest

（D）bleakest

28 The United States Supreme Court has the power to______the decisions of lower courts.

（A）overturn

（B）detach

（C）expend

（D）plunder

29 Living things consist of______structures called cells.

（A）extinct

（B）minute

（C）medieval

（D）stale

30 The function of ears in hearing is to______the sound waves to nerve impulses. （A）converse

（B）convert

（C）confront

（D）convey

31 Wild pigs are fierce and courageous fighters and may charge with little or no______. （A）provision

（B）momentum

（C）motion

（D）provocation

32 In Britain, people______four million tons of potatoes every year.

（A）swallow

（B）dispose

（C）consume

（D）exhaust

33 The art and literature______the philosophies and ideas of the changing era. （A）mirror

（B）pocket

（C）screen

（D）root

34 He is doing an______course in physics.

（A）intensive

（B）intense

（C）intent

（D）intrinsic

35 Many city dwellers are turning______lots into thriving gardens.

（A）blank

（B）vacuum

（C）vacant

（D）vigilant

36 The outcry against the government's policies will______ only if a compromise is reached in the assembly.

（A）subside

（B）loot

（C）sustain

（D）perish

37 A blizzard is a______snowstorm.

（A）stagnant

（B）severe

（C）light

（D）mild

38 We can rely on William to carry out this mission, for his judgment is always______. （A）inexplicable

（B）healthy

（C）sound

（D）straight

39 The compact dictionaries published in recent years are not as ______ as some of the older editions.

（A）legible

（B）equivocal

（C）nimble

（D）unwieldy

40 The bus moved slowly in the thick fog. We arrived at our______almost two hours later.

（A）designation

（B）destiny

（C）destination

（D）dignity

三、完形填空

40 Poetry

Poetry is universal to all people, all places, and all times. The most【C1】

______people have memorized poetry; the most cultured have nurtured it. Poetry knows no【C2】______, neither culture, age, gender, nor religion. We can even make a case that poetry captures the【C3】______of the universe, the ebb and flow of the tides, the beat of the seasons, and the rise and fall of our breath. Why is poetry the【C4】

______thing humanity has to a universal language? Because poetry 【C5】______the ear, mind, and soul. It satisfies our【C6】______for beauty through the power of its language.

But poetry【C7】______more than mere pleasure. It also communicates【C8】

______Good poetry offers food for the【C9】______"Poetry, " wrote the Nobel Prize-winning poet T. S. Eliot, "may make us from time to time a little more【C10】______of the deeper, unnamed feelings to which we rarely【C11】______

Poetry reveals these "deeper, unnamed feelings" , and gives them【C12】______By calling attention to the aspects of life we might【C13】______in our hurry, poetry makes us understand not only their nature but also our own. As a result, poetry is not something special or【C14】______from our daily lives. Rather, it is an【C15】

______part of everyone, an expression of our【C16】______hopes, wishes, and dreams.

Although poetry satisfies a deep human appetite, many people fear and【C17】

______it, claiming it is obscure, as it is written by men and women out of【C18】

______with the realities of life. In fact, from the earliest times, most poets have been people of【C19】______, deeply involved with the rhythms of life. Ben Jonson was a bricklayer and Robert Bums a farmer. Nor are female poets【C20】______from the rigors of life. Phillis Wheatley was a former slave and Stevie Smith, a secretary.

41 【C1】

（A）uneducated

（B）ambitious

（C）traditional

（D）gracious

42 【C2】

（A）pain

（B）fear

（C）signs

（D）barriers

43 【C3】

（A）climax

（B）harmony

（C）rhythm

（D）alteration

44 【C4】

（A）best

（B）sweetest （C）closest （D）dearest

45 【C5】

（A）combines （B）delights （C）liberates （D）utilizes

46 【C6】

（A）gratitude （B）craving （C）competition （D）curiosity 47 【C7】

（A）conveys （B）depicts （C）revives

（D）advocates 48 【C8】（A）meaning （B）fear （C）love （D）knowledge 49 【C9】（A）public （B）individual （C）body （D）soul

50 【C10】（A）critical （B）ignorant （C）aware （D）positive 51 【C11】（A）penetrate

（B）cater

（C）yield

（D）consent

52 【C12】

（A）a solution （B）a choice （C）a voice （D）a comment 53 【C13】

（A）criticize （B）overlook （C）conceal （D）cherish

54 【C14】

（A）brought back （B）set apart （C）made up （D）taken over 55 【C15】

（A）charming （B）innocent （C）conventional （D）integral

56 【C16】（A）best

（B）deepest （C）wildest （D）strangest

57 【C17】（A）distrust （B）revise （C）modify （D）celebrate

58 【C18】（A）favor

（B）phase （C）touch

（D）love

59 【C19】

（A）vision

（B）action

（C）honor

（D）power

60 【C20】

（A）sheltered

（B）eliminated

（C）disqualified

（D）adapted

四、短文改错

60 The food we eat seems to have profound affects on our health. 【M1】______ Though science made enormous steps in making food fitter to eat, 【M2】______

it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research

has shown that perhaps 80 percent of all human illnesses is related 【M3】______

to diet and 40 percent of cancer is related to diet as well,

especially cancer of the colon. Different cultures are more prone

to contract certain illness because the food that is characteristic in 【M4】______ these cultures. Which food is related to illness is not a new discovery. 【M5】______ In 1945 , government researchers realized that nitrates and nitrites,

commonly used to preserve color in meats, and other food

additives, causing cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain 【M6】______

in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time knowing which 【M7】______ things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful.

The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give

penicillin to beef and poultry, and because of this, penicillin has been

found in the milk of treating cows. Sometimes similar drugs are 【M8】______ administered to animals not for medical purposes, but for financial

reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fat the animals in order to 【M9】______ obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug

Administration has tried repeated to control these procedures, 【M10】______

the practices continue.

61 【M1】

62 【M2】

63 【M3】

64 【M4】

65 【M5】

66 【M6】

67 【M7】

68 【M8】

69 【M9】

70 【M10】

五、阅读理解

70 A. My story is a simple one. You have only got to figure to yourselves a girl in a bedroom with a pen in her hand. She had only to move that pen from left to right—from ten o'clock to one. Then it occurred to her to do what is simple and cheap enough after all—to slip a few of those pages into an envelope, fix a penny stamp in the corner, and drop the envelope into the red box at the corner. It was thus that I became a journalist; and my effort was rewarded on the first day of the following month—a very glorious day

it was for me—by a letter from an editor containing a cheque for one pound ten shillings and sixpence.

B. What could be easier than to write articles? But wait a moment. Articles have to be about something. Mine, I seemed to remember, was about a novel by a famous man. And while I was writing this review, I discovered that if I were going to review books I should need to do battle with a certain phantom. And the phantom was a woman, and when I came to know her better I called her after the heroine of a famous poem "The Angel in the House". It was she who used to come between me and my paper when I was writing reviews. It was she who bothered me and wasted my time and so tormented me that at last I killed her. I will describe her as shortly as I can. She was intensely sympathetic. She was immensely charming. She was utterly unselfish. She excelled in the difficult arts of family life. She sacrificed herself daily. She was so constituted that she never had a mind or a wish of her own, but preferred to sympathize with the minds and wishes of others. Above all— I need not say it—she was pure. In those days every house had its angel. And when I came to write I encountered her with the very first words. The shadow of her wings fell on my page; I heard the rustling of her skirts in the room. Directly, that is to say, I took my pen in hand to review that novel by a famous man, she slipped behind me and whispered; "My dear, you are a young woman. You are writing about a book that has been written by a man. Be sympathetic; be tender; flatter; deceive; use all the arts and wiles of our sex. Never let anybody guess that you have a mind of your own. Above all, be pure. " And she made as if to guide my pen. I now record the one act for which I take some credit to myself. I turned upon her and caught her by the throat. I did my best to kill her. My excuse, if I were to be had up in a court of law, would be that I acted in self-defense. Had I not killed her she would have killed me. She would have plucked the heart of my writing. For, as I found, directly I put pen to paper, you can not even review a novel without having a mind of your own, without expressing what you think to be the truth about human relations, morality, sex. And all these questions, according to the Angel in the House, cannot be dealt with freely and openly by women; they must charm, they must conciliate, they must—to put it bluntly—tell lies if they are to succeed. Thus, whenever I felt the shadow of her wing or the radiance of her halo upon my page, I took up the inkpot and flung it at her. She died hard. Her fictitious nature was of great assistance to her. It is far harder to kill a phantom than a reality.

71 The author most likely describes "a girl in a bedroom" in Line 1 in Para. A in order

to______.

（A）present a picture of herself as a fledgling writer

（B）describe the vulnerability of young woman writers

（C）bring to light the limits placed on young female journalists

（D）demonstrate the economic feasibility of entering a career as a writer

72 The author raises the question "What could...articles?" in Line 1, Para. B to______.

（A）commence a discourse on writer's block and its causes

（B）suggest how easy it was to write with the help of the Angel in the House

（C）introduce a discussion of the difficulties she had disregarding a phantom influence （D）begin a description of the ease with which the author could write freely and openly 73 In Line 9, Para. B, "constituted" mostly nearly means______.

（A）creative and imaginative

（B）devoted to being pure

（C）formally composed

（D）physically strong

74 The description of the Angel in the House(in Lines 7 - 11, Para.B.("She was... she was pure. ")reflects the author's______.

（A）feeling that the Angel's positive characteristics can be seen in a negative light （B）gratitude for the Angel's assistance in becoming a writer

（C）inability to achieve the ideal represented by the Angel

（D）desire to model herself after the Angel

75 In Line 11, Para. B, the author uses the expression "I need not say it" in order to suggest that______.

（A）the Angel's purity is too delicate a subject to discuss

（B）although the Angel lacked free will, the author does not

（C）she presumes that readers will know the Angel was pure

（D）she is reluctant to admit that she is not as pure as the Angel

76 The word "directly" , as it is used in Lines 13 and 21, Para. B, could be replaced with which of the following words or phrases without a change in meaning?

（A）in a straight line

（B）unswervingly

（C）as soon as

（D）honestly

77 For what reason does the author fear the Angel's effect on her writing?

（A）She feels the Angel could induce her to focus on typically feminine subjects. （B）She recognizes the Angel could prevent her expressing her opinions honestly. （C）She thinks the Angel would deem writing an inappropriate career for a woman. （D）She believes that the Angle will influence the plots of the stories she writes.

78 The author would most likely agree with which of the following statements?

（A）A woman writer should not always be completely truthful in her work.

（B）Women writers must inevitably work harder than male writers to achieve success. （C）A writer is justified in committing acts of violence when her art is threatened.

（D）Writing requires an independence incompatible with traditional ideas of femininity.

79 In the last sentence of the passage, the author implies that______.

（A）one's imagination can be a powerful adversary

（B）the influence of the Angel could never be escaped

（C）it was difficult to distinguish between fantasy and reality

（D）she came to realize that Angel ultimately helped her succeed as a writer

79 This passage is part of an introduction written by a well-known doctor and essayist for his 1996 book about rare neurological disorders.

A. I am writing this with my left hand, although I am strongly right-handed. I had surgery to my right shoulder a month ago and am not permitted, not capable of, use of the right arm at this time. I write slowly, awkwardly—but more easily, more naturally, with each passing day. I am adapting, learning, all the while—not merely this left-handed writing, but a dozen other left-handed skills as well. I have also become very adept with my toes, to compensate for having one arm in a sling; I was quite off balance for a few days when the arm was first immobilized, but now I walk differently, I have discovered a new balance. I am developing different patterns, different habits... a different identity, one might say, at least in this particular sphere. There must be changes going on with some of the programs and circuits in my brain—altering synaptic weights and connectivities and signals(though our methods of brain imaging are still too crude to show these).

B. Though some of my adaptations are deliberate, planned, and some are learned through trial and error(in the first week I injured every finger on my left hand), most have occurred by themselves, unconsciously, by reprogrammings and adaptations of which I know nothing(any more than I know, or can know, how I normally walk). Next month, if all goes well, I can start to readapt again, to regain a full(and "natural")use of the right arm, to reincorporate it back into my body image, myself, to become a dexterous human being once again.

C. But recovery, in such circumstances, is by no means automatic, a simple process like tissue healing—it will involve a whole nexus of muscular and postural adjustments, a whole sequence of new procedures(and their synthesis), learning, finding a new path to recovery. My surgeon, an understanding man who has had the same operation himself, said, "There are general guidelines, restrictions, recommendations. But all the particulars

you will have to find out for yourself. " Jay, my physiotherapist, expressed himself similarly: " Adaptation follows a different path in each person. The nervous system creates its own paths. You're the neurologist—you must see this all time. "

D. Nature's imagination, as physicist Freeman Dyson likes to say, is richer than ours, and he speaks, marvellingly, of this richness in the physical and biological worlds, the endless diversity of physical forms and forms of life. For me, as a physician, nature's richness is to be studied in the phenomena of health and disease, in the endless forms of individual adaptation by which human organisms, people adapt and reconstruct themselves when faced with the challenges and vicissitudes of life.

E. Thus while one may be distressed by the trials of developmental disorders or disease, one may sometimes see them as creative too—for if they destroy particular paths, particular ways of doing things, they may force the nervous system into making other paths and ways, force on it an unexpected growth and evolution. This other side of development or disease is something I see, potentially, in almost every patient. That such radical adaptations can occur demands a view of the brain as dynamic and active rather than programmed and static, a supremely efficient adaptive system geared for evolution and change, ceaselessly adapting to the needs of the organism—its need, above all, to construct a coherent self and world, whatever defects or disorders of brain function befall it. That the brain is minutely differentiated is clear: there are hundreds of tiny areas crucial for every aspect of perception and behavior(from the perception of color and of motion to, perhaps, the intellectual orientation of the individual). The miracle is how they all cooperate, are integrated together, in the creation of a self.

F. This sense of the brain's remarkable plasticity, its capacity for the most striking adaptations, not the least in the special(and often desperate)circumstance of neural or sensory mishap, has come to dominate my own perception of my patients and their lives. So much so, indeed, that I am sometimes moved to wonder whether it may be necessary to redefine the very concepts of "health" and "disease", to see these in terms of the ability of the organism to create a new organization and order, one that fits its special, altered disposition and needs, rather than in the terms of a rigidly defined "norm".

80 The author describes himself as "strongly right-handed"(Line 1, Para.A)to______. （A）convey the ease with which he learned to be ambidextrous

（B）suggest the difficulties he had to overcome

（C）evoke a sympathetic response from the reader

（D）characterize the sources of his physical strength