江苏专用2019高考英语二轮培优复习 专题三 阅读理解 第一讲 细节理解题习题

第一讲│ 细节理解题

一、题型解读

细节理解题考查考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节的理解。所谓细节理解题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述进行发问。常见的设题形式：

抓住文章中的事实和细节是做好该类题的关键。解题原则是忠实于原文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。此类题我们可以采用照题查阅法快速找出原文信息，然后仔细比对选项，从而选出正确答案。

二、设问方式

细节理解题几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息。常见的命题方式有：

1.特殊疑问句形式。以when，where，what，which，who，how much/many 等疑问词开头引出的问题。

2.判断是非的形式。含有TRUE/FALSE，NOT true或EXCEPT等的判断是非的问题。此时要注意题干中是否含有否定词，如not，never等。

3.以“According to...”开头的提问形式。

4.填空形式。如The biggest challenge for most mothers is from ________.

此类题目相对简单，只要考生认真细心，得分就会比较容易。

三、选项特征

1.正确选项的特征

(1)同义替换。对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。如把lose one’s job换成了

be out of work。有时候词性或者语态有所变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，如把important改成of importance；改变原文中句子的语态，即主动语态与被动语态的转换。

(2)语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言进行简化，设置为答案。

(3)正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。

2.干扰选项的特征

(1)张冠李戴。是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容。

(2)无中生有。符合常识，但不是文章的内容。

(3)曲解文意。与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动。

(4)颠倒是非。在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。

(5)正误参半。部分正确，部分错误。

信息寻找题、广告阅读题[典例](2017·江苏高考·阅读A )

CHRONOLOGICA

—The Unbelievable Years that Defined History

DID YOU KNOW...

In 105AD paper was invented in China?

When Columbus discovered the New World?

The British Museum opened in 1759?

CHRONOLOGICA is a fascinating journey through time，from the foundation of Rome to the creation of the internet.Along the way are tales of kings and queens，hot air balloons...and monkeys in space.

Travel through 100 of the most unbelievable years in world history and learn why being a Roman Emperor wasn’t always as good as it sounds，how the Hundred Years’ War didn’t actually last for 100 years and why Spencer Perceval holds a rather unfortunate record.

CHRONOLOGICA is an informative and entertaining tour into history，beautifully illustrated and full of unbelievable facts.While CHRONOLOGICA tells the stories of famous people in history such as Thomas Edison and Alexander the Great，this book also gives an account of the lives of lesser-known individuals including the explorer Mungo Park and sculptor Gutzon Borglum.

This complete but brief historical collection is certain to entertain readers young and old，and guaranteed to present even the biggest history lover with something new!

56.What is CHRONOLOGICA according to the text?

A.A biography.

B.A travel guide.

C.A history book.

D.A science fiction.

答案C[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“CHRONOLOGICA is an informative and entertaining tour into history...this book also gives an account of the lives of

lesser-known individuals”可知，CHRONOLOGICA是一本有关历史的书籍。]

57.How does the writer recommend CHRONOLOGICA to readers?

A.By giving details of its collection.

B.By introducing some of its contents.

C.By telling stories at the beginning.

D.By comparing it with other books.

答案B[细节理解题。作者在文中以提问的方式提到很多与历史有关的人物或事件，像“from the foundation of Rome to the creation of the Internet...tales of kings and queens，hot air balloons...and monkeys in space...why being a Roman Emperor wasn’t always as good as it sounds，how the Hundred Years’ War didn’t actually last for 100 years and why Spencer Perceval holds a rather unfortunate record”，说明作者是在介绍书中的内容。]

【技巧点拨】

如何解决信息寻找题、广告阅读题？

1.题干定向法：如果题干的问题与原文中的相应句段基本相同，则可直接对号入座；如果题干的问题与原文中的相应句段有较大出入，则要进行一定的处理，这个“处理”是多方面的，它可能包括对原文进行同义变换、对概念进行解析、对事实进行归纳、将具体问题抽象化或将抽象问题具体化、将文中提到的原则或规则进行实际运用等等。

2.错误排除法：一般说来，对于那些与文意明显不符或与文章内容不相关的选项比较容易排除，但有些选项与文章内容相符，却与题干问题不吻合，即属答非所问的情形，也应作为错误项予以排除，尤其是那些从文章中摘录的句子，要特别小心，它们很有可能是干扰项。

细节转换与是非判断题

[典例](2017· 江苏高考·阅读B )

To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds，the researchers sought the red-backed fairy wren，another species of Australian songbird.First they collected sound data from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland before and after hatching.Then they identified begging calls by analyzing the order and