管理学术语

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P89 计算机集成制造系统(CIMS ,Computer integrated manufacturing systems)

P90 精益生产(LP, lean production )同步工程(SE,simultaneous engineering)

P229 系统开发生命周期(SDLC,systems development life cycle)

P232 广域网(W AN,wide-area network)

P233 万维网(WWW ,world wide web)局域网(LAN,local-area network)

P294 远景陈述(vision statement)使命陈述(mission statement)

P295 核心意识形态(core ideology)远大的愿景(envisioned future)

核心价值观(core values)核心目标(core purpose)

宏伟大胆冒险的目标(10-to-30 year big ,hairy ,audacious goal, BHAG)

生动逼真的描述(vivid description)目光远大的公司(visionary company)

P300 行业内战略群(strategic groups within industry)

P304 转移成本(switching costs)

P307 次行业(sub-industry)移动壁垒(mobility barrier)进入壁垒(entry barrier)

P309 协同效应(synergy)

P310 未来目标(future goals)现行战略(current strategy )

P311 价值链(value chain)基本活动(primary activities)辅助活动(support activities)P312 内部后勤(inbound logistics) 生产作业(operations)

外部后勤(outbound logistics)市场营销和销售(marketing and sales)

P313 企业基础设施(firm infrastructure)

P314 人力资源管理(human resource management)技术开发(technology development)采购(procurement)P315 总体市场分析(general market analyzing)市场细分(market segmentation)

目标市场确定(market targeting)产品定位(product positioning)

P317 地理因素(geographic)人口统计因素(demographic)心理特征因素(psychographic)行为因素(behavioral)生产运作变量(operating variables)

P318 采购方式因素(purchasing approaches)状态因素(situational factors)

可测量性(measurability)丰富性(substantiality)可接近性(accessibility)可实现性(actionability)P320 成本领先(overall cost leadership)特色优势(differentiation)

目标集聚(cost-or-differentiation-focus)前向一体化(forward integration)

后向一体化(backward integration)横向一体化(horizontal integration)

同心多元化(concentric diversification)横向多元化(horizontal diversification)

混合多元化(conglomerate diversification)市场渗透(market penetration)

市场开发(market development)产品开发(product development)

P321 战略联盟(strategic alliance)虚拟运作(virtual operation)’

出售核心产品(core products saling)收缩战略(retrenchment)

剥离战略(divestiture)清算战略(liquidation)

P323 用户价值(customer value)独特性(competitor differentiation)延展性(gateway to new markets)

P332物料需求计划(MRP ,material requirement planning)

制造资源计划(MRP II,manufacturing resource planning)

企业资源计划(ERP ,enterprise resource planning)

P333 主生产计划(MPS ,master production schedule)物料清单(BOM , bill of material)

P335 能力需求计划(CRP , capacity requirement planning)

P339 图形用户界面(GUI , graphical user interface)

计算机辅助设计工程(CADE, computer aided design engineering)

面向对象设计技术(SQL ,structural query language)

外部集成(EDI , electronic data interchange)

P340 供应链(supply chain)

P341 关系数据库系统(RDBMS ,relational data base management system)

P342 在线分析处理(OLAP , online analytical processing)

P344 敏捷制造(agile manufacturing)

P349 客户关系管理(CRM , customer relationship management)

P355 原型测试(prototyping)

P357 业务流程再造(BPR , business process reengineering)

P358 职能型组织结构(function-organization)过程型组织结构(process-oriented organization)

行政管理学术语:

治理government 政府再造government reengineering 重塑政府reinventing government

政府能力government capacity

公共事务:1、都市管理city management 2、犯罪管理criminal management

3、环境管理environment management

4、卫生政策与管理health policy and management

5、信息与科技information and technology

6、非营利管理nonprofit management

7、公共财政与预算public finance and budget 8、公共管理public management

9、公共政策分析public policy analysis 10、社会政策social policy

民营化privatization 社区主义communitarianism 硬性价值hard value

社会中介组织/非营利性组织nonprofit organization 软性价值soft value

公共行政行动理论Action Theory for Public Administration 工会unionism

主权的委托者being trustee of the sovereign 全面品质管理Total Quality Management TQM

以人为本connecting people 特殊专业责任special responsibility

常用经济术语中英对照表

国民经济、对外经济贸易National economy, Foreign economic relations and trade

经济指标economic indicators 社会总产值total product of society

国民生产总值GNP (Gross National Product) 国内生产总值GDP (Gross Domestic Product)

人均国内生产总值GDP per capita 国民收入national income

工农业总产值gross output value of industry and agriculture

财政收入state revenue 市场经济market economy 计划经济planned economy

指令性计划mandatory plan 指导性计划guidance plan 市场调节market regulation

实现产业结构、生态环境和人口素质"三个优化" optimize industrial structure, ecological environment and the quality of population 外向型经济export-oriented economy

第一、二、三产业primary, secondary and tertiary industries创汇型企业foreign exchange-earning enterprise 劳动密集型labor intensive 技术、智力、资本密集型technology, knowledge or capital intensive 高附加值的深加工down-stream processing with high added-value 生产力productive forces

优化资源配置optimize allocation of resources 生产资料capital goods

科研成果产业化industrialization of research findings 技术入股technology appraised as capital stock

风险投资venture investment/capital 固定资产投资investment in fixed assets

折旧费depreciation cost 关系民生的产品products vital to the people’s livelihood 供大于求oversupply 供不应求short supply 经济过热overheated economy

宏观调控macro-economic control 经济杠杆economic levers 产业政策industrial policy

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