跨文化商务沟通の课件总结

Chapter 1: Communication:An intercultural Perspective 1、N eeds and purposes for communication

（1）Maslow’s hierarchy of needs----------be suit of developed country The most basic at the bottom to the most refined at the peak of a

triangle---------Physiological needs,such as food,shelter,and sex;Just

above that come the needs of safety like family ; then there are social

needs for things like love and friendship ; these are followed by ego

and esteem needs ,which are above us as individuals wanting

self-respect,recognition,and even power;finally ,at the top of the

traingle comes the most sophidticated need----------for

self-actulization.this is about self-fulfillment,about finding and being

oneself.

（2）For developing countrys-------------10 items

Survival ---------rent a flat/shelter ; try to get help

Co-operation---------work with others ;social groups

Personal needs（within survival）

Relationships（love/belonging）

Persuasion

Power

Social needs

Information

Making sense of the world

Self-expression

2、d efinition of communication

（1）Communication simply refers to the process of sending and receiving messeges among people .-------限定于人

（2）Communication is someone perceives behavior or its residue and attributes meaning to it,communication has taken place regardless of whether that behavior is concious or unconcious ,intentional or unintentional . --------------没有限定于人

3、the scope and classification of communication

（1）there are at least two or more people

Classification:

1) frist classification of communication-----five tapes

A ：human communication

B : animal communication

C : human – animal communicatiom

E : machine-to – machine communication

F : human –machine communication

2)the second classification of communication

（2）There must be some contact between communicators.

（3）There must to be a language shared by communicators.

（4）An exchange of information has taken place

There is often taken as a successful condition of communication .but there are various degrees of success in communication,ranging from complete success,partial success to failure.

4、T he process of communication

a)components of communication

The definition identifies eight key components of communication

within the framework of intentional communication:message, ,

sender , receiver ,channel , noise , feedback,encoding and decoding.

i.messege--------verbal and nonverbal--------carries ideas from one

person to another.

2)sender refers to the person who sends the message .While the receiver

is the one who receiver the message. :in order to reduce the uncertainty

or misunderstandings,the sender should think from the receiver’s piont

of view when composing the message ,Besides ,the role of sender and