过去分词作定语及表语新

过去分词作定语和表语

一．过去分词构成及意义：

A watched pot never boils. 心急锅不开

①There only seemed to be powders designed to kilt snakes.

②I placed the frozen bowl over the snakes’ habitat.

③The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas.

过去分词短语：可以带有自己的宾语或被状语修饰。

过去分词的否定式：not /never+v-ed

过去分词的意义：一般表示完成和被动的动作。

补充：

1. Given more time, I could have done it better.

1及物动词的-ed形式通常带有被动完成意义或被动一般意义。

2. We should bring in advanced technology from developed countries.

②不及物动词的-ed形式仅表示完成意义，没有被动含义。

•过去分词作定语、表语、宾语补足语的功能：

（一）、.过去分词做定语：

1.前置定语：单个过去分词

后置定语：过去分词短语

①The lost time can never be found again.

②Is there anything planned for tonight.

that are planned for tonight.

注：有时表强调或left等单个动词-ed也能后置

①The book left(剩余的书)are for my students.

②Among those invited(被邀请的人)were some ladies.

Young people brought up in the new society can’t imagine the bitter life in the old days.

作定语时可用定语从句代替

He is a respected leader.

= He is a leader__________________.

Young people brought up in the new society can’t imagine the bitter life in the old days. = Yong people _________________

_____________________can’t imagine the bitter life in the old days.

口诀：分词做定语的位置

“定分”位置有二条，词前词后定分晓。

单个分词在词前，有时此规有颠倒。

分词短语在词后，“定从”和它互对照。

“现分”动作进行时，“过分”动作完成了。

注：“定分”：做定语的分词；“定从”：定语从句；“现分”：现在分词；“过分”：过去分词。

2.v-ed和v-ing作定语区别

①the risen sun升起了的太阳the rising sun正在升起的太阳

②developed countries developing countries

③boiled water 开水boiling water 正沸腾的水

④fallen leawes 落叶falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子

⑤iced beer 冰冻啤酒spoken English 英语口语

The building built (build)last year is our library.

being built (build)now will be our library

to be built (build )next year wiu be our library.

（二）过去分词作表语：

1、多表示主语所处的状态，位于系动词之后：

①The shop has remained shut for a week.

②All of os were moved to tears at the sorrowful story.

③she looked tired with cooking.

2、比较：过去分词作表语-被动语态（过去分词作表语表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示被动的动作）

Peter the Great is buried here 就埋葬于此。（状语的状态）

Peter the Great was buried here 被埋葬于此（被动的动作）

My glasses are broken.(状态)

My glasses were broken by my litter sisrter.（动作）

3、v-ed l v-ing 作表语的区别：

人作主语物作主语

“觉得”“令人…”

His lecture is interesting, which made vs interested I am interested in his lecture which is interesting.

4.常见的作表语的过去分词有：amuse，astonished，broken,connected,closed ,covered,crowed,delighted,disappointed,dressed,drunk,experienced,gone, lost,worried,interested,tired,pleased,satisfied,surprised,married,known

二．过去分词的基本特点：

1.从语态上讲：过去分词一般表被动。

2.从时态上讲：过去分词表示已经完成的动作；

表示被动意义的主动结构

1.某些连系动词,如smell; taste; feel; sound; prove等

Cotton feels soft. (adj.)

2.某些用来表示主语内在品质或性能的及物动词,如shut; open; move; read; write; sell; wash; clean; catch; draw; cut; photograph等

The book sells well. (adv.)

3.某些表”发生(happen/take place), 爆发(break out) 和传播(spread)”的不及物动词

4. 不定式作定语与被修饰名词构成动宾关系时

He had an important meeting to attend.

5.在be＋adj.＋to do

English is difficult to learn.

6. be to blame/seek/let

The house is to let.这房子是要出租的.

The cause is not far to seek.原因不难找到.

I felt I was to blame, too.我觉得我也应受责备.