2017届高考英语一轮复习 语法专项突破 第3讲 代词和数词 北师大版

第3讲代词和数词

[深化认知]

一、人称代词的四点注意

1．人称代词有主格和宾格之分，主格在句中通常作主语，宾格在句中作宾语、表语和同位语等成分。

Tom is a student. He works very hard.

Tom是一名学生，他学习非常努力。

He has a dog to keep him company.

他有一条狗陪伴他。

2．人称代词指代的数前后要一致。

The students must be made to understand how important each subject is to them.(them指代the students)

必须使学生明白每门功课对他们来说多么重要。

3．句中没有谓语动词或在句中与动词不定式连用，人称代词常用宾格。

—I'd like to go to climb the mountain this weekend.

—Me too.

——这个周末我想去爬山。

——我也想去。

What! Me (to) play chess with him? No!

什么！让我和他下国际象棋？不要！

4．在比较级的句子中，than, as后用主格、宾格皆可。

To tell the truth, Lucy is more qualified for the job than she/her.

说实话，露西比她适合这份工作。

Not having heard of it before, Tom is as surprised as he/him.

以前没听说过这件事，汤姆和他一样吃惊。

二、物主代词的四大常识

1．物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，形容词性物主代词在句中通常作定语，名词性物主代词在句中可作主语、宾语和表语等成分。

The students are doing their homework.

学生们在做作业。

Your room is big while mine is small.

你的房间大，而我的房间小。

2．形容词性物主代词不与a, an, this, that, these, some, any, several, no, each, such, another等词同时修饰一个名词，但在双重所有格中可同时修饰一个名词。

a friend of mine我的一个朋友

each sister of his他的每一个姐姐

3．介词＋the＋身体部位，此处不能用形容词性物主代词代替the。

The policewoman took the thief by the arm.

那个女警察抓住了小偷的胳膊。

4．当物主代词与all和both连用时，必须放在all和both之后。

With all their homework finished, the children went home happily.

做完所有的作业后，孩子们高高兴兴地回家了。

三、反身代词的三种句法功能

反身代词包括oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, yourself, yourselves, myself, ourselves，在句中可作宾语、表语和同位语等成分。

1．作宾语

(1)常用在to, by, for, of, in, between, among等介词后。

You shouldn't keep the story to yourself.

你不应该独享这个故事。(to oneself“独自享用”)

You shouldn't leave the child by himself at home.

你不应把孩子独自留在家里。(by oneself“独自”)

One should not live only for oneself.

人不应该单为自己而活。(for oneself“为自己”)

We don't need to call him; he will wake up of himself.

我们没必要叫他，他自己会醒的。(of oneself“自动地”)

(2)用来构成固定搭配

devote oneself to 致力于

dress oneself 自己穿衣

enjoy oneself 过得愉快

boast oneself 自夸

help oneself to 随便吃，随便用

hide oneself 把自己藏起来

make yourself at home 不拘束

say to oneself 心里想

seat oneself 坐下

teach oneself 自学

come to oneself 苏醒

behave oneself 表现得体，有礼貌

apply oneself 致力于

2．作表语、同位语

用于be, feel, seem, look等后作表语，表示身体或精神处于正常状态；用作同位语时，主要用于加强被修饰词的语气，可紧跟在被修饰名词后或句末。

I am not feeling myself today, not serious, though.

我今天不太舒服，但不严重。

(2013·全国卷Ⅱ写作)I made them myself with red silk threads, cloth and other materials.