专题05 非谓语动词之过去分词(精讲课件)
合集下载
非谓语动词之现在分词和过去分词.ppt.ppt
想加入本俱乐部的人在这里签名。
The man, who had been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.) (The man, having been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.
由于被严重困扰，这个人几乎失去了记忆。
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（4）过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能：表示被动和 完成，只表完成。如：
the question discussed yesterday 昨天讨论的问题 （既表示被动也表示完成）
the fallen leaves •落下的树叶 (只表示完成，不表示被动)
2、作表语 分词作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态。如： She was too frightened to move. 她被吓得一动不动。 What you said is really inspiring. 你所说的真令人鼓舞。
(Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful. When the factory is seen from the top of the tower, the Factory looks beautiful.
After he was scolded by the teacher, he was very sad.
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4.Not knowing where to go, he asked a policeman .
Because he didn’t know where to go, he asked a policeman.
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3、作宾语补足语
The man, who had been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.) (The man, having been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.
由于被严重困扰，这个人几乎失去了记忆。
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（4）过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能：表示被动和 完成，只表完成。如：
the question discussed yesterday 昨天讨论的问题 （既表示被动也表示完成）
the fallen leaves •落下的树叶 (只表示完成，不表示被动)
2、作表语 分词作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态。如： She was too frightened to move. 她被吓得一动不动。 What you said is really inspiring. 你所说的真令人鼓舞。
(Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful. When the factory is seen from the top of the tower, the Factory looks beautiful.
After he was scolded by the teacher, he was very sad.
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4.Not knowing where to go, he asked a policeman .
Because he didn’t know where to go, he asked a policeman.
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3、作宾语补足语
非谓语动词(动词ing形式和动词ed形式)课件
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Hale Waihona Puke 动词ed形式可以作为状 语，表示动作发生的时 间、原因、条件等。
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例如：He was born in 1990.（他出生于1990 年。）
动词ed形式与分词的区别
动词ed形式与分词在语法功能和用法 上存在显著差异。
例如：I have seen the movie.（我 已经看过这部电影了。）（动词ed形 式）
动词ing形式表示正在进行的动作或行为，而动名词表示已经完成或结果的状态。
动词ing形式在句子中做主语或表语时，表示一个动作或行为，而动名词则表示一个 名词概念。
03 动词ed形式
动词ed形式的构成
动词ed形式由动词原形加-ed构成，规则动词的-ed形式一般直接在词尾加-ed。 例如：work -> worked，play -> played。
表示被动关系
如"The book was written by him."。
表示习惯或经常性的行为
如"He likes reading books."。
表示时间或条件状语
如"If you study hard, you will succeed."。
动词ing形式与动名词的区别
动词ing形式既可以作为谓语的一部分，也可以作为独立成分，而动名词只能作为谓 语的宾语或表语。
非谓语动词的语态
主动语态
表示非谓语动词所表示的动作是 由句子主语发出来的。
被动语态
表示非谓语动词所表示的动作不 是由句子主语发出来的，而是被 其他人或物完成的。
非谓语动词时态和语态的用法
过去分词可以用于描述已经完成 的动作或存在的状态，常与时间 状语连用，如“已经”、“已经 完成”、“已经达到”等。
过去分词的用法非谓语动词的用法讲解课件
学习方法建议
理论与实践相结合
通过例句和实际语境理解过去分
词和非谓语动词的用法，多做练
习，加深理解和记忆。
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对比学习
02 对比现在分词、不定式等其他非 谓语动词的用法，找出异同点， 加深对非谓语动词的理解。
积累例句
多收集有关过去分词和非谓语动
词用法的例句，通过模仿和运用，
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提高语言表达能力。
反思与修正
动名词作为主语、宾语和表语
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动名词作为主语
动名词可以作为主语，表 示一个正在进行或已经完 成的动作，如 "Reading books is a good habit."。
动名词作为宾语
动名词可以作为动词宾语， 表示动作的对象或内容， 如 "I enjoy reading books."。
示例
The meeting ended up with a round of applause.（固定搭配 “end up with”表示“以……结束”）
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练习与巩固
单项选择题
考察基础概念
单项选择题主要考察学生对过去分词非谓语动词基础概念的理解，包括其定义、 形式和用法等。
填空 题
检验知识应用
不定式作为表语
不定式作为补足语
不定式可以作为表语，表示主语的性质、 状态或特征，如"The best way to solve this problem is to communicate with them."。
不定式可以作为补足语，补充说明主语或 宾语的性质、状态或特征，如"He is to be married next month."。
非谓语动词之过去分词ppt课件
Don’t leave those things undone.
不要留那些事情不处理。
精品课件
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动词过去分词充当宾语补足语
1). As he knows very little English, he finds it difficult to make himself _u_n_d_e_r_s_to_o_d_. (understand) 2). I _h_a_d__m__y__le_t_te_r__d_e_li_v_e_re_d____ yesterday. (寄信） 3). You must make yourself＿h＿ea＿rd＿ when you talk in front of the class. （hear)
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精品课件
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1. 过去分词作表语，可以看作是过去分词的形容词化， 说明的是主语在该动作完成后所处的状态，也有一定的 被动意味。其前可有quite, very, rather等修饰词。
常见的作表语的过去分词如:
closed(关闭的)；
lost(丢失的)；
known(著名的)
married(已婚的)；
4. The cup is broken.
5. He managed to make himself understood.
6. They considered the matter solved.
1. 7. The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind
We drank some boiled water and went on with our
work.
(=which had精品b课o件iled )
初中英语非谓语动词之现在分词和过去分词PPT课件讲解(共52张)
Being a student, I must work hard.
2020/6/28
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4). 现在分词作结果状语
Both his parents died in the War, leaving him alone in the world. The factory keeps releasing (释放) smoke, making the air dirty.
Walking in the street, I saw a friend of mine. = While I was walking in ….
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3).作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。 Inspired by her example, they worked even harder.
过去分词则表示主语所处的状态。
He came back, exhausted.
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2). 作时间状语，相当于when等引起的状语从句。
Seeing the big snake, the girl was almost frightened to death. = When she saw the big snake, the girl…
Make less noise. There’s a sleeping child. 不要出太大声音，有个孩子在睡觉。
We only sell used books. 我们只卖用过的书。
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1.做定语 (2) 后置定语
The young man sitting next to John is my best friend. 坐在约翰旁边的那个年轻小伙子是我最好的朋友。
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4). 现在分词作结果状语
Both his parents died in the War, leaving him alone in the world. The factory keeps releasing (释放) smoke, making the air dirty.
Walking in the street, I saw a friend of mine. = While I was walking in ….
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3).作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。 Inspired by her example, they worked even harder.
过去分词则表示主语所处的状态。
He came back, exhausted.
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2). 作时间状语，相当于when等引起的状语从句。
Seeing the big snake, the girl was almost frightened to death. = When she saw the big snake, the girl…
Make less noise. There’s a sleeping child. 不要出太大声音，有个孩子在睡觉。
We only sell used books. 我们只卖用过的书。
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1.做定语 (2) 后置定语
The young man sitting next to John is my best friend. 坐在约翰旁边的那个年轻小伙子是我最好的朋友。
初中英语语法课件 非谓语动词之过去分词的用法
做定语的过去分词相当于形容词，逻辑主语就是它所修 饰的名词。及物动词的过去分词做主语，即表被动又表 完成。不及物动词的过去分词做定语，只表示完成。
We only sell used books in our bookstore 我们只卖用过的书。
The fallen leaves on the ground are a carpet for the season. 在地上的落叶是季节的地毯。
相当于让步状语从句。有时可加although,though.even if,even though,whether...or 等连词转换成让步状语从句。
Wounded, the brave soldiers continued to fight to search for the trapped in the ruins. 虽然受伤了，但是勇敢的战士们仍然继续作战，寻找被困在废墟中的 人们。
The man, carrying a gun, walked into the room.那 个人拿着枪走进了房间。
THE END
相当于条件状语从句。可加连词if，unless等转换成条件状语从句。
Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. =If they are grown in rich soil,these seeds can grow fast.如果种在 肥沃的土壤里，这些种子就能长得快。
Seen from the top of the hill,the town looks more beau- tiful. =When the town is seen from the top of the hill,it looks more beautiful. =When seen from the top of the hill, the town looks more beautiful.
We only sell used books in our bookstore 我们只卖用过的书。
The fallen leaves on the ground are a carpet for the season. 在地上的落叶是季节的地毯。
相当于让步状语从句。有时可加although,though.even if,even though,whether...or 等连词转换成让步状语从句。
Wounded, the brave soldiers continued to fight to search for the trapped in the ruins. 虽然受伤了，但是勇敢的战士们仍然继续作战，寻找被困在废墟中的 人们。
The man, carrying a gun, walked into the room.那 个人拿着枪走进了房间。
THE END
相当于条件状语从句。可加连词if，unless等转换成条件状语从句。
Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. =If they are grown in rich soil,these seeds can grow fast.如果种在 肥沃的土壤里，这些种子就能长得快。
Seen from the top of the hill,the town looks more beau- tiful. =When the town is seen from the top of the hill,it looks more beautiful. =When seen from the top of the hill, the town looks more beautiful.
高二英语《非谓语动词-过去分词》课件新人教版.pptx
1. I had my hair cut yesterday. （表被动）
2. She found the door unlocked.
（表状态）
1.The problem made me puzzled.
2. I saw the boy beaten in the street. 3. His father kept the door closed in case that somebody came in. 4. I’ll get my bike repaired tomorrow.
2. When I went out I found my car broken. 被动，完成 １
Practice
1.The teacher raised his voice to make himself
_D___ by everyone in the class.
A. hear
B. hearingm使a自k己e o被n听es到elf heard
She had her wallet ___s_to__le_n___yesterday.
昨天她的钱包被偷了。
He has had one thousand yuan _sa__v_e_d__this year．
他今年已存了1000元。
He was trying to make himself__u_n__d_e_r_s_t_o_o_d____．
动词-ed形式作定语 动词-ed形式作表语 动词-ed形式作宾语补足语 动词-ed形式作状语
The functions of V-ed form
1.The Past Participle used as the Attributive 定语
2. She found the door unlocked.
（表状态）
1.The problem made me puzzled.
2. I saw the boy beaten in the street. 3. His father kept the door closed in case that somebody came in. 4. I’ll get my bike repaired tomorrow.
2. When I went out I found my car broken. 被动，完成 １
Practice
1.The teacher raised his voice to make himself
_D___ by everyone in the class.
A. hear
B. hearingm使a自k己e o被n听es到elf heard
She had her wallet ___s_to__le_n___yesterday.
昨天她的钱包被偷了。
He has had one thousand yuan _sa__v_e_d__this year．
他今年已存了1000元。
He was trying to make himself__u_n__d_e_r_s_t_o_o_d____．
动词-ed形式作定语 动词-ed形式作表语 动词-ed形式作宾语补足语 动词-ed形式作状语
The functions of V-ed form
1.The Past Participle used as the Attributive 定语
2024届北京市高考一轮复习非谓语动词系列讲解：过去分词+课件
非谓语动词系列讲解
过去分词（done）
读下面的句子，画出动词过去分词，并分析其在句子中充当的成分。
• A successful person always remains committed and focused. • The article tells the story of an athlete and the sacrifices made for
When the water was heated,
意义相同：相当于状语从句，说明谓语动词动作发生的情况或背景。
Because he was seriously injured
• Seriously injured, the soldier was taken to the hospital immediately. • 由于伤势严重，这名战士被立即送往医院。 原因状语
Байду номын сангаас
• （3）过去分词作表语，除了可以用在系动词be之后， 还可以用于get, become等系动词后，表示动作，一般不延续。
e.g. Mary got divorced in 2018, and she had been married to Tom for 8 years. (系表结构） Mary在2018年离婚，那时她嫁给Tom已经有8年的时间了。
过去分词在句子中的功能
• 注意 • 这种系表结构和被动结构相同。但过去分词作表语，主要是表示
主语的状态，而被动语态则表示主语所承受的动作。 • The school gate is shut by an old man at 6 pm every day. 被动语态 • He feels relaxed as everything is settled（安排好了）过. 去分词作表语
过去分词（done）
读下面的句子，画出动词过去分词，并分析其在句子中充当的成分。
• A successful person always remains committed and focused. • The article tells the story of an athlete and the sacrifices made for
When the water was heated,
意义相同：相当于状语从句，说明谓语动词动作发生的情况或背景。
Because he was seriously injured
• Seriously injured, the soldier was taken to the hospital immediately. • 由于伤势严重，这名战士被立即送往医院。 原因状语
Байду номын сангаас
• （3）过去分词作表语，除了可以用在系动词be之后， 还可以用于get, become等系动词后，表示动作，一般不延续。
e.g. Mary got divorced in 2018, and she had been married to Tom for 8 years. (系表结构） Mary在2018年离婚，那时她嫁给Tom已经有8年的时间了。
过去分词在句子中的功能
• 注意 • 这种系表结构和被动结构相同。但过去分词作表语，主要是表示
主语的状态，而被动语态则表示主语所承受的动作。 • The school gate is shut by an old man at 6 pm every day. 被动语态 • He feels relaxed as everything is settled（安排好了）过. 去分词作表语
非谓语动词讲解课件-PPT(精)
C
2). Little Jim should love __________ to the A theatre this evening A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking A
4. 既可接不定式又可接动名词作宾语,但不定
式用被动式的形式；动名词用主动式的形式。 句子的意思没有差别。但句子得主语一般是 一表物的名词或代词。这类动词主要有： want、need、require等。 1) Your watch needs repairing \ to be repaired. 2) The windows need painting again \ to be
B
D
非谓语动词题的做题技巧
下面从二个方面来复习非谓语动词
1.非谓语动词的七大经典原则 2.非谓语动词解题四大步骤
一.非谓语动词的 七大经典原则
原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式
1.When asked why he went there， he said he was sent there _____ for a space flight. A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained
非谓语动词的句法作用
非谓语 动词 不定式 动名词 现在分词
主语 √
宾语 √
表语 √
定语 √
宾补 √
状语 √
√
√
√
√ √
√
√ √ √ √ √ √
过去分词
非谓语动词的句法口诀
• 不定式本领强，六种成分都能当。 • 动名词不示弱，主宾表定用的上。 • 两分词互不让，表定状补争亮相。
非谓语动词-过去分词ppt课件
call it what you wiplplt课. 件完整(从句)
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Special attention
分词作宾补的动词有以下五类:
1. 在feel, hear, listen to，notice, see, watch，
observe, look at,等表示感觉和心理状态的
动词之后，表示感受到某人或某事被做。
2. 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修 饰的名词 _之__前__。过__去__分__词__短__语__ 作 定语要放在被修饰的名词后面，作 后置定语，表示被动或完成，其作 用相当于一个定__语__从__句__。
ppt课件完整
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Special attention 过去分词作表语
[归纳总结] 过去分词作表语时，与谓语动词构成 系__表__结构，表示主语的性质、特征和 状__态__。
ppt课件完整
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一、过去分词作定语 二、 过去分词作表语 三、过去分词做宾语补足语
ppt课件完整
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一、过去分词作定语
1、单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义，常作前置定语。
eg：a lost animal 一只迷路的动物 a used stamp 一枚用过的邮票
an injured finger 一根受伤的手指 a broken coin 一枚破损的硬币 a lighted candle 一支点燃的蜡烛
总结：过去分词作表语主要表示主语的 状态或思想感情等。
ppt课件完整
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1.用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱，主要表 示动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形容 词。
2.被动语态的过去分词被动意味很强,句子主 语为动作的承受者，后面常跟by短语。
高三英语二轮复习：非谓语过去分词课件
5.（2022全国甲卷）Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___________ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้) to the ancient Silk Road.
一、过去分词高考考向归纳
距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的超实用新高考英语专题复习讲义希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！ 养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
2.Encouraged by my words, David looked at me with his big toothy smile on his lovely face.
一、过去分词高考考向归纳
距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的超实用新高考英语专题复习讲义希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！ 养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
2.Encouraged by my words, David looked at me with his big toothy smile on his lovely face.
《非谓语动词-过去分词》课件概要
C. mended
D. to be mended
have sth. done 使某物被……
3.The Past Participle
used as the adverbial
状语
The verb-ed form can be used as adverbial of a sentence to express
homemade pizza
自制的比萨饼
an ice-covered village 一个冰雪覆盖的村庄
a well-accepted idea 一个广泛接受的想法
a highly-respected teacher一个极受尊重的教授
作定语
过去分词
A The Olympic Games,____ in 776 B.C. did not
非谓语动词--过去分词
Verb-ed form
Guessing game: Find something to match the
riddles（猜谜）
(1) when heated, I’ll turn into gas, what am I?
water
(2) If taken half, I will leave nothing, what number am I?
When it is seen from space, the earth looks blue.
introduce When first__i_n_tr_o_d_u_c_e_d___ to the market, these
products enjoyed great success. When first _in__tr_o_d_u_c_i_n_g__myself to my parents-
非谓语动词5过去分词.ppt
1C 2B 3C 独立主格结构 独立主格结构用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构具 有两个特点；独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主 语不同，它独立存在；独立主格结构一般用逗号与 主句分开。
名词/代词+不定式/现在分词/过去分词/名词/形容词/副词/ 介词短语等
1）不定式构成的独立主格结构 不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的行 为或状态。 Lots of work to do, I have to work extra hours.由 于有很多的活要做，我只得加班工作。 (=As/Because I have lots of work to do…)
The boy stood before his mother, his head down.
6）逻辑主语+介词短语 He was reading a newspaper, his back against the window. 他正背靠着窗户读报 纸。 The guard stood by the door, (a) gun in (his) hand.
4过去分词作宾语补足语
I had my computer repaired yesterday. 昨天我找人修好了电脑。 He watched the bed carried out of the door. 1 I saw him _____ (enter) the hall.我看见他进了 大厅。 2 I saw him _____ (walk) into the hall.我看见他正 走进大厅。 3 I have never heard this song ____ (sing) in English. 我从未听过这首歌用英语唱过。 4 I can hear this song ____ (sing) in the hall now. 我现在能听见这首歌正在大厅内被人演唱。
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2) 跟在致使类动词后： catch, have, send, get, keep, find, feel, leave, make, want, start, set等， 分词作宾补有二种形式，即现在分词，过去分 词。
When we got there, the shop was closed. 我们到那儿时，商店已经关门了。
Peter the Great is buried here. 彼得大帝就埋葬在这里。
Peter the Great was buried here in 1725. 彼得大帝于1725年被埋葬在这里。
The missing boys were last seen ___ near the river. A. playing B. to be playing C. to play D. play
Listen, I hear the popular song___. A. sung B. singing C. being sung D. to sing
过去分词的区别 1、它们可充当相同的成分:宾语补足语,表语, 定语, 状语. 2、在语态上，现在分词表示主动，而过去分词表示被 动 an interesting book, an interested reader 3、在时间关系上，现在分词表示动作正在进行，过去 分词指动作已完成 developing countries, developed countries 4、在助动词搭配上，现在分词与be构成进行时态，过 去分词与have构成完成时态，与be构成被动语态。 5、现在分词与过去分词的被动式在作定语，状语，宾 语补足语时有区别。
He saw a girl get on the bus and drive off. 他看见一个女孩上公共汽车后开走了。
点津坊
如果宾语补足语是一系列的动作，通常只能 用不定式来表示，不用动词-ing形式。
I saw him enter the room, sit down and light a cigarette. 我看见他走进房间，坐了下来， 点燃了一根香烟。
at, listen to等，分词作宾补有三种形式，即现在分词，现在分词 被动一般式，过去分词。
在复合宾语中，用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的发 出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系，指动作的一部分或动作正在进 行, I saw him reading just now.
用现在分词被动一般式作宾补说明与宾语为被动关系，强 调动作在进行, I saw his bike being repaired just now.
2）动名词有名词的 性质，作表语指经 常的或较抽象的动作，说明主语 的 内容， 可和主语互换，但动作不是主语发出的。
The key question is finding a way of solving it. The good news is very exciting. I am standing here.
国际形势令人鼓舞。 He was very /much pleased at the news.
他们听到这个消息很高兴。
比较：
1）作表语的分词说明主语的性质、状态和特 点，而构成时态和语态的分词表示一个具体正在 进行的动作，而且动作由主语发出的。
The students are fully prepared. 学生们已做好了充分的准备。
3）不定式作表语指具体的一次性动作。 What you’ll do next is to work out the problem first. He is to go there.
2、宾语补足语
主要有下列两类动词可作宾补： 1) 跟在感官类动词后：see, hear, watch, notice, observe, look
用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑 上的动宾关系，强调动作已完成, I saw his bike repaired just now.
现在分词完成式（主、被动）都不作宾语
补足语；不定式作宾补与宾语形成主谓关系， 指动作的全过程，并表示动作已全部结束。
He saw a girl getting on the bus. 他看见一个女孩在上公共汽车。
（三）分词及其短语在句子中的语法功能
1、表语：分词作表语相当于形容词，现在分词表
示主语的性质、特征，含有主动意味，指“使人有 某 种感觉”，其主语一般是一事物。而过去分词表示主 语 所处的状态，表示被动，指“人被引起某种感觉”， 其主语 多为人，这类常见动词有：delight, excite,
disappoint, interest, move, shock, surprise, satisfy, encourage, please, frighten等，它们变为分词后，已形 容词化，可用very, quite, much等修饰。 The international situation is encouraging.
（二）分词形式变化的时间关系 1、现在分词：
一般式表示的动作与谓语动词同时或几乎 同时发生；完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前； 被动一般式指一个被动的动作在进行；被动完 成式表示一个被动的动作在谓语动词之前已经 完成。
2、过去分词：
没有时态和语态的变化，及物动词过去分
词表示被动和完成的动作，不及物动词过去分 词只表示完成了的动作。
I noticed them repairing a car. = They were noticed repairing a car. I noticed a car being repaired. = A car was noticed being repaired. I noticed a car repaired. =A car was noticed repaired. Cf. I saw the man get on the bus. =The man was seen to get on the bus.