现在分词

现在分词

1、现在分词的两个基本特点

1）在时间上表示动作正在进行。例如：a developing country.一个发展中的国家，boiling water 沸水，rising sun冉冉升起的太阳。（试比较：a developed country一个发达国家，boiled water 沸水，risen sun升起的太阳）

2）在语态上表示主动。例如：the ruling class统治阶级，the exploiting class剥削阶级。（试比较：the ruled class被统治阶级，the exploited class被剥削阶级）

2、现在分词的基本功能

1）现在分词作定语，表示正在进行的或主动的动作。也可以说明被修饰词的性质和特征，此时可换成相应的定语从句。

例如：

①There was a terrible noisefollowing the sudden burst of light.

②Hesaw a flying bird and raised his bow.

③I was satisfied with the exciting speech.

2）现在分词作状语时，可作时间、条件、结果、原因和伴随状语，表示正在进行的或主动的动作。

此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语，因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。

例如：

①The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.

②European foot ball is played in more than 80countries, making it the most popular sport in the world.

③Seeing from the top of the hill,we can find that the city looks more beautiful.

3）现在分词作补足语，表示正在进行的或主动的动作。

例如：

①Soon they could see the steam rising from the wet clothes.

②The missing boys were last seen playing near the river.

4）现在分词的独立主格结构作状语。

例如：

①With his lips still trembling, he couldn't say a word.

②“Mama!”he cried suddenly,tears rolling down his cheeks.

“妈妈！”他突然哭着喊，泪水从他的脸上流下来。

（这里需要用现在分词的独立主格结构tears rolling down his cheeks作状语。）

③Weather permitting,we'll go to the Great wall.如果天气允许的话，我们就去长城。

（这里需要用现在分词的独立主格结构Weather permitting作状语。）

3、现在分词的否定结构现在分词的否定式由“not+现在分词”构成。

Not knowing where to go, she went to the police for help.

她不知道该往哪儿走，就去请警察帮助。(现在分词一般式的否定结构)

Not seeing John, I asked where he was.

我看不见约翰，于是问他在何处。（现在分词一般式的否定结构）

Not being seen by any one, the thief escaped.

那个贼趁无人看见时逃跑了。（现在分词被动式的否定结构）

Not having done it right, I tried again.我由于没有做对，所以又试了试。（现在分词完成式的否定结构）