萨尔瓦多国际经济学第十版英文
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Import Quota vs. Equivalent Import Tariff
Import quota involves distribution of import licenses, while tariff does not.
If not auctioned by government in competitive markets, receiving firms will reap monopoly profits.
FIGURE 9-1 Partial Equilibrium Effects of an Import Quota.
Salvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Import Quotas
In this chapter:
Introduction Import Quotas Other Nontariff Barriers and the New
Protectionism The Political Economy of Protectionism Strategic Trade and Industrial Policies History of U.S. Commercial Policy The Uruguay Round, Outstanding Trade
Problems and the Doha Round
Salvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction
Though tariffs have historically been the most important form of trade restriction, there are many other types of trade barriers.
CHAPTER N I N E
9
International Economics
Tenth Edition
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Nontariff Trade Barriers and New Protectionism
Dominick Salvatore
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Salvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
As tariffs were negotiated down during the postwar period, the importance of non-tariff barriers was greatly increased.
Salvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
When elasticity of demand and supply are not known, it is difficult to estimate the import tariff required to restrict imports to desired level.
Salvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Import Quotas
Import Quota vs. Equivalent Import Tariff
Import quota:
Higher domestic price than tariff Higher domestic production than tariff
Import Quotas
A quota is a direct quantitative restriction on the amount of a commodity allowed to be imported or exported.
Import quotas are used to protect domestic industry and agriculture, and/or for balance of payments reasons.
Allocation decision often based on arbitrary judgments rather than efficiency concerns.
Monopoly profits lead firms to lobby for licenses in rent-seeking activities.
Import Quotas
Import Quota vs. Equivalent Import Tariff
Import quota limits imports to specified levels with certainty, while the trade effect of an import tariff may be uncertain.
Import tariff:
Higher consumption than quota Higher imports than quota
Salvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Thus, import quotas replace market mechanism , resulting in waste, and possible corruption.
Salvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Import quota involves distribution of import licenses, while tariff does not.
If not auctioned by government in competitive markets, receiving firms will reap monopoly profits.
FIGURE 9-1 Partial Equilibrium Effects of an Import Quota.
Salvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Import Quotas
In this chapter:
Introduction Import Quotas Other Nontariff Barriers and the New
Protectionism The Political Economy of Protectionism Strategic Trade and Industrial Policies History of U.S. Commercial Policy The Uruguay Round, Outstanding Trade
Problems and the Doha Round
Salvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction
Though tariffs have historically been the most important form of trade restriction, there are many other types of trade barriers.
CHAPTER N I N E
9
International Economics
Tenth Edition
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Nontariff Trade Barriers and New Protectionism
Dominick Salvatore
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Salvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
As tariffs were negotiated down during the postwar period, the importance of non-tariff barriers was greatly increased.
Salvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
When elasticity of demand and supply are not known, it is difficult to estimate the import tariff required to restrict imports to desired level.
Salvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Import Quotas
Import Quota vs. Equivalent Import Tariff
Import quota:
Higher domestic price than tariff Higher domestic production than tariff
Import Quotas
A quota is a direct quantitative restriction on the amount of a commodity allowed to be imported or exported.
Import quotas are used to protect domestic industry and agriculture, and/or for balance of payments reasons.
Allocation decision often based on arbitrary judgments rather than efficiency concerns.
Monopoly profits lead firms to lobby for licenses in rent-seeking activities.
Import Quotas
Import Quota vs. Equivalent Import Tariff
Import quota limits imports to specified levels with certainty, while the trade effect of an import tariff may be uncertain.
Import tariff:
Higher consumption than quota Higher imports than quota
Salvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Thus, import quotas replace market mechanism , resulting in waste, and possible corruption.
Salvatore: International Economics, 10th Edition © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.