(珍藏版) 动词时态和语态(含08高考真题)

e.g. ①I‘ve lived here for ten years. （现在仍住在这 儿） ② I lived here for ten years. （现在不住在这儿 ） ③He has bought a house. （现在已拥有这房子） ④ He bought a house. （现在拥不拥有这房子, 不知道,只是知道买了房子,现在可能拥有也可能 卖掉了）
2.特别用法: 1〕主句是将来时态或表示将来意义,时间状语从句 和条件状语从句须用一般现在时表将来,e.g. I‘ll write to her when I have time
① Whether you help him or not, he will fail. ② Next time I‘ll do as he says.
3. be +不定式表将来，按计划或安排将发生的事;
命中注定的事; 命令。 e.g. We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我们下星期六讨论这份报告。 4. be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。 e.g. He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去 北京。 注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来的时间状语连用。 5. be due to与时间表,旅行计划等有关。 e.g.
2. be going to +不定式，表示将来。
a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。 e.g. What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天 打算作什么呢？ b. 计划，安排要发生的事。 e.g. The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。 c. 有迹象要发生的事。 e.g. Look at the dark clouds; there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。
2.用现在完成时的典型场合:
1〕―since＋过去时间”或“since接that从句（从句中用 一般过去时）”则句中用现在完成时,e.g. ①I haven‘t seen her since last week. ②Where have you been since I last saw you? 2〕句中有so far/in （for/during）the past （last） years（months… ）/up to now/until now e.g. ①So far there has been no news.
The train is due to leave at 7:00.
四.现在完成时（have/has＋p.p.）
1.基本用法: 1〕影响性用法:表示一个动作发生在过去,已经完 成,且对现在造成影响或结果, e.g. ①He has left the city.（结果:他不在这个城市） ②Someone has broken the window.（结果: 窗户仍破着） 2〕持续性用法:表示一个动作从过去持续到现在, 且可能继续持续下去或可能到此结束,e.g. We have been busy this afternoon.
2〕让步状语从句和方式状语从句用一般现在时表将来,e.g
3〕表示按规定、时间表 、计划或安排要发生的动 作,用一般现在时表将来,e.g. The train leaves at 12:00.
二.一般过去时态（did式）:
1.基本用法: 1〕表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态:时间状语有： yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等 He bought the computer five years ago. 2) 表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作,e.g. We often played together when we were children. 注:表示过去习惯性的动作,可用would, used to, e.g. He used to go to work by bus.
3.现在完成时与一般过去时态的区别: 1)现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果,而一般过 去时态强调这一个动作发生的时间是过去。 2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在 完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状 语。 • 一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等， 皆为具体的时间状语。 • 现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不确定的时间状语。 • 共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等
3〕―It/This/That is the first （second/third…）time＋
that从句” 或“It/This/That is the only…＋that从句”
或“It/This/That is the ＋最高级… ＋ that从句” e.g.
①It/This/That is the first time that I have come to Zhejiang. ②It/This/That is the only party that I have ever really enjoyed in my life. ③It/This/That is the most interesting book that I have ever read. （注:以上句型把is改为was,则从句时态相应改为 过去完成时态）
七.将来完成时（will/shall＋have ＋ p.p.）
现在完成时 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past years, always, recently等 过去完成时 before, by+过去的时间, until, when, after, once等 过去进行时 this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten yesterday evening… when, while等 将来进行时 soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, this time tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening
六.过去完成时（had ＋ p.p.）
1.表示过去的过去 时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once… e.g. ①I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. 用好过去完成时,关键在于理解它的时间是“过去的过 去”。 2.want /think/hope/plan/mean/expect/intend/suppose 等动词的过去完成时＋不定式的一般式（等于这些动词 的一般过去式后接不定式的完成式）,表示过去未曾实 现的愿望、打算、想法等e.g. ①I had meant to come, but something happened. （＝ I meant to have come, but something happened. ） ②I had intended to speak at the meeting, but time didn‘t permit. （＝ I intended to have spoken at the meeting, but time didn‘t permit. ）
一.一般现在时态：
1.一般用法: 1〕表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度 的时间状语连用. 时间状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。 e.g. He often goes to the cinema. 2〕表示现在的能力、特征、职业等 , e.g. He sings well.（能力） 3〕表示客观真理、科学事实 、格言以及不受时间 限制的客观存在的事实 , e.g. Knowledge is power. （客观真理）
三.一般将来时（will/shall＋do）:
1.will表示没有经过事先考虑,而是在说话的时候才 决定做某事,e.g. --You forget to close the door. --Oh, I‘ll close it at once. will表意愿 Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
3.一些特殊句型中的过去完成时: 1〕―It/This/That was the first （second/third…）time ＋that从句”或“It/This/That was the only…＋that 从句”或“It/This/That was the ＋最高级… ＋ that从 句” 2〕by（ the end of ) / by the time ＋过去时间, e.g. We had learnt 3,000 words by the end of last term. By the time he came back, we had repaired the machine. 3〕no sooner …than ; hardly /scarcely … when ①No sooner had he gone to the garden than his son went to play with his classmates. ②Hardly had he heard the news when he cried.