专八英译汉练习答案
(完整版)专八英译汉练习答案
（一）英译汉练习1. The winds of November were like summer breezes to him, and his face glowed with the pleasant cold. His cheeks were flushed and his eyes glistened; his vitality was intense, shining out upon others with almost a material warmth.十一月的寒风，对他就像夏天吹拂的凉风一样。
舒适的冷空气使他容光焕发，两颊通红，两眼闪光。
他生气勃勃，叫别人感到是一团炙手的火。
（英语material warmth 字面意思是"物质的温暖"，这里具体译作"一团炙手的火"言明意清，让人一看就懂。
）2. It was morning, and the new sun sparkled gold across the ripples of gentle sea. The sea was wonderfully calm and now it was rich with all the color of the setting sun. In the sky already a solitary star twinkled.清晨，初升的太阳照着平静的海面，微波荡漾，闪耀着金色的光芒。
（英语the ripples of the gentle sea 译成汉语时在结构上作了调整，这样译文念起来意思清楚，行文漂亮。
）3. To appease their thirst its readers drank deeper than before, until they were seized with a kind of delirium.为了解渴，读者比以前越饮越深，直到陷入了昏迷状态。
英语专八考试翻译真题及参考答案
英语专八考试翻译真题及参考答案英语专八考试翻译真题及参考答案英语专业八级考试，全称为全国高校英语专业八级考试。
自1991年起由中华人民共和国教育部实行，考察全国综合性大学英语专业学生。
下面为大家带来了英语专八考试翻译真题及参考答案，欢迎大家参考！1997年E-C原文:Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are inevitably the province(范围) of the rich unless we abdicate(退位、放弃) society’s power of choice. We can choose to make opera and other expensive forms of culture, accessible(易接近的，可达到的) to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? No body denies the imperatives(必要的)of food, shelter, defence, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, man-kind stretched out a hand of not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse(冲动) towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation(表述、陈述)is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment(完成、成就) in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones(标准、试金石) for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire(立志、追求目标、渴望); they carry the most profound (深厚的、深刻的)messages that can be sent from one human to another.参考译文：欣赏歌剧是一种奢侈：你必须为此支付昂贵的票价。
(完整版)专八英译汉练习答案
（一）英译汉练习1. The winds of November were like summer breezes to him, and his face glowed with the pleasant cold. His cheeks were flushed and his eyes glistened; his vitality was intense, shining out upon others with almost a material warmth.十一月的寒风，对他就像夏天吹拂的凉风一样。
舒适的冷空气使他容光焕发，两颊通红，两眼闪光。
他生气勃勃，叫别人感到是一团炙手的火。
（英语material warmth 字面意思是"物质的温暖"，这里具体译作"一团炙手的火"言明意清，让人一看就懂。
）2. It was morning, and the new sun sparkled gold across the ripples of gentle sea. The sea was wonderfully calm and now it was rich with all the color of the setting sun. In the sky already a solitary star twinkled.清晨，初升的太阳照着平静的海面，微波荡漾，闪耀着金色的光芒。
（英语the ripples of the gentle sea 译成汉语时在结构上作了调整，这样译文念起来意思清楚，行文漂亮。
）3. To appease their thirst its readers drank deeper than before, until they were seized with a kind of delirium.为了解渴，读者比以前越饮越深，直到陷入了昏迷状态。
英语专业八级翻译练习及答案
英语专业八级翻译练习及答案英语专业八级翻译练习及答案（通用5篇）大家在英语学习的过程当中都会接触到英语翻译，这对于一个英语专业的学生很重要，下面是店铺给大家整理的关于英语专业八级翻译练习及答案，欢迎大家阅读！英语专业八级翻译练习及答案 1近代的上海，十里洋场，自开埠以来，固然有许多辛酸的不平等的血泪史，固然有许多污泥浊水，这里被称为是"冒险家的乐园"，这里有鸦片，有荡妇，有赌棍，使人纸醉金迷，乃至使人堕落。
可是，上海这座近代大城市却更有它的另一面，它有活力、它聪慧、革新、进取，它敢于担风险，有竞争意识及机制，这种城市意识或风格，使人奋发，跟上时代，走向进步。
(参考译文)In the contemporary period, Shanghai as a metropolis infested by foreign adventurers has indeed recorded, since the opening of its commercial port, a bitter, blood-and-tear history of many miseries and inequalities. Referred to as the Paradise of Adventurers, Shanghai was indeed home to "human sludge and filth" where one could find opium, dissolute women and gamblers. It was a place that made people indulge in luxury and dissipation and given to sensuous pleasures, even inducing people to become degenerate. However, there is a different and more important picture of Shanghai as a modern metropolis. It has been full of vitality and vigor, displaying its unique intelligence and wisdom, characterized by an innovative and enterprising spirit. It has the courage to assume risks and is in possession of both the awareness and the mechanism of competition. Such a metropolitan mentality or style inspires its residents, encouraging them to keep abreast with the changingepochs and to make efforts toward greater progress.英语专业八级翻译练习及答案 2（原文）wnauy徐霞客一生周游考察了16个省，足迹几乎遍及全国。
专业英语八级(翻译)练习试卷1(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（翻译）练习试卷1(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 5. TRANSLATIONPART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN)SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHDirections: Translate the following text into English.1．在逝去如飞的日子里，在千门万户的世界里的我能做些什么呢?只有徘徊罢了，只有匆匆罢了；在八千多日的匆匆里，除徘徊外，又剩些什么呢?过去的日子如轻烟却被微风吹散了，如薄雾。
被初阳蒸融了；我留着些什么痕迹呢?我何曾留着像游丝样的痕迹呢?我赤裸裸来到这世界，转眼间也将赤裸裸地回去罢?但不能平的，为什么偏要白白走这一遭啊? 你聪明的，告诉我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢?正确答案：What can I do，in this bustling World，with my clays flying in their escape? Nothing but to hesitate, to rush．What have I been doing in that eight-thousand-day rush，apart from hesitating? Those bygone days have been dispersed as smoke by a light wind，or evaporated as mist by the morning sun. What traces have I left behind me? Have I ever left behind any gossamer traces at all? I have come to the world，stark-naked; am I to g0 back，in a blink，in the same stark-nakedness? It is not fair though: why should I have made such a trip for nothing!解析：首句中，“逝去如飞的日子里”可以直接按字面翻译，即days flying in their escape。
大学英语专八汉译英翻译试题附答案
⼤学英语专⼋汉译英翻译试题附答案 骐骥⼀跃，不能⼗步;驽马⼗驾，功在不舍;锲⽽舍之，朽⽊不折;锲⽽不舍，⾦⽯可镂。
以下是店铺为⼤家搜索整理的⼤学英语专⼋汉译英翻译试题附答案，希望对⼤家有所帮助!想了解更多精彩内容请及时关注我们应届毕业⽣考试⽹! task 1 成为圣者的秘诀 从前，在⼀个国家⾥，有⼀位做了⽆数善事的善⼼者。
国王⾮常欣赏他的善举，便封他为圣者。
有⼀天，圣者过⼋⼗⼤寿，国王前来庆贺，特别带来⼀位画家，想通过画家的笔，将这位圣者慈祥的容貌画下来，作为世⼈的典范。
⽤完晚餐之后，众多的嘉宾前来观赏这幅慈爱的画。
肖像画家将这幅画像拿出来的时候，所有⼈⼤吃⼀惊。
因为画⾥的'⼈根本没有慈善的⾯貌，反⽽充满暴戾，粗野，邪恶的⽓息。
国王⼀看，⽣⽓地要⼈把画家拖出去鞭打。
这时，圣者听到惊呼声，跑了过来，他看到这幅画后，跪倒在地：“国王，这画⾥的⼈，才是真实的我啊。
”国王惊诧地问：“为什么?”圣者道：“这就是我⼀⽣挣扎着，不想去做的那个⼈啊。
” 在这世上，没有天⽣的圣者，惟有能时时刻刻⾃我反省，⾃我检视的⼈，才能成为圣者。
参考译⽂： The secret of being a saint Once upon a time there lived in a country a do-gooder. The king was very appreciative of his deeds and decided to honour him as a saint by a decree. On the saint's eightieth birthday, the king was invited to his birthday celerbration. He brought with him a painter so as to do a picture of the kindly saint as a paragon for his countrymen. When the feast is over all the guests were asked to have a look at the picture. To their great surprise, when the picture was shown, what they saw was not a kind but a ruthless and cruel look. The king was very angry at seeing this and ordered his men to beat the painter. Upon hearing the noise, the saint rushed to the scene to have a look at the picture. After viewing it, the saint knelt down and said, "your majesty, the person in the picture is none other than me." Why?" said the king, dumbfounded. "This has been the very person whom I have never wanted to be." In this world, there are no naturally born saints; only those who can do self-criticism and sel-examination, can become saints. task 2 次⽇，他们的马车修好了,上⼭来接他们。
专八翻译练习与答案
Model Test 1TRANSLATION（60MIN）SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHTranslate the underlined part of the text into English.在兽类中我最爱虎，在虎的故事中我最爱下面的一个。
深山中有一所古庙，几个和尚在那里过着单调的修行生活。
同他们做朋友的，除了有时上山来的少数乡下人外，就是几只猛虎。
虎不惊扰僧人，却替他们守护庙宇。
作为报酬，和尚把一些可吃的东西放在庙门前。
每天傍晚，夕阳染红小半个天空，虎们成群地走到庙门口，吃了东西，跳跃而去。
庙门大开，僧人们安然在庙内做他们的日课，也没有谁出去看虎怎样吃东西，即使偶尔有一二和尚立在门前，虎们亦视为平常的事情，把他们看做熟人，不去惊动，却斯斯文文地吃完走开。
如果看不见僧人，虎就发出几声长啸，随着几阵风飞腾而去。
SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESETranslate the underlined part of the text into Chinese.When the Romantic Movement was still in its first fervor, it was a common matter of debate whether people should marry for love or for money. The young people concerned usually favored love, and their parents usually favored money. In the novels of the period, the dilemma was felicitously solved by the discovery, on the last page, that the apparently penniless heroine was really a great heiress. But in real life young men who hoped for this denouement were apt to be disappointed. Prudent parents, while admitting that their daughters should marry for love, took care that all the young men they met should be rich. This method was sometimes very successful; it was adopted, for example, by my maternal grandfather, who had a large number of romantic daughters, none of whom married badly.In these days of psychology the matter no longer looks so simple as it did eighty years ago. We realize now that money may be the cause, or part of the cause, of quite genuine love; of this there are notable examples in history.Model Test 2TRANSLATION（60MIN）SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHTranslate the underlined part of the text into English.光绪二十六年，八国联军攻占北京。
英语专业八级TEM翻译题及答案
英语专业八级TEM翻译题及答案A contented mind is perpetual feast.以下是小编为大家搜索整理的英语专业八级TEM翻译题及答案，希望能给大家带来帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们应届毕业生考试网!part 1中文原文：传道者感叹到：“著书立说没有止境”，却没发觉他已高度评价了作家这一职业。
的确，写作、旅行、积聚财富都是没有终结的。
一个问题引发另外一个问题。
我们不断学习，且永远达不到心中所渴望的那般学识渊博。
我们永远雕刻不出自己心仪的塑像。
当发现一个新大陆,或翻过一座山脉时，我们总会看到远方还有未曾涉足的海洋与陆地。
宇宙浩渺，总会有供我们勤奋努力的东西，总会有供我们探索的空间。
它不像卡莱尔的著作，可以读完。
即使在其一角，在一个私人花园，或一个农庄附近，四季轮回，天气瞬息万变，哪怕在那里生活了一辈子，也总会有让我们惊喜的事情。
参考译文：“Of making books there is no end, “ complained the Preacher; and did not perceive how highly he was praising letters as an occupation. There is no end, indeed, to making books or experiments, or to travel, or to gathering wealth. Problem gives rise to problem. We may study for ever, and we are never as learned as we would. We have never made a statue worthy of our dreams. And when we have discovered a continent, or crossed a chain of mountains, it is only to find another ocean or another plain upon the further side. In the infinite universe there is room for our swiftest diligence and to spare. It is not like the works of Carlyle, which can be read to an end. Even in a corner of it, in a private park, or in the neighbourhood of a single hamlet, the weather and the seasons keep so deftly changing that although we walk there for a lifetime there will be always something new to startle and delight us. part 2中文原文：当你步入婚姻的殿堂，你可能认为已经爬到了山顶，剩下的只是悠闲地沿着平缓的山坡下山。
英语专业8级考试翻译部分答案【对照版】
构成了我们全部努力的试金石。作为试 思想和想象力可及程度的试金石。它们
英语专业八级翻译试题真题及答案
英语专业八级翻译试题真题英语专业八级翻译练习题1．英译汉（1）Possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood would have been Thoreau's idea of the low levels. The active discipline of heightening one's perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high. What he saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation, but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more important efforts.梭罗所理解的"低层次"，即为了拥有而去拥有，或与所有的邻居明争暗斗而致拥有。
他心目中的"高层次"，则是这样一种积极的人生戒律，即要使自己对自然界永恒之物的感悟臻于完美。
对于他从低层次上节省下来的时间和精力，他可将其致力于对高层次的追求。
勿庸置疑，梭罗不赞成忍饥挨饿，但他在膳食方面所投入的精力仅果腹而已，只要可确保他能去从事更为重要的事务，他便别无所求。
Effort is the gist of it. There is no happiness except as we take on life-engaging difficulties. Short of the impossible, as Yeats put it, the satisfaction we get from a lifetime depends on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same terms when he spoke of "The pleasure of taking pains". The mortal flaw in the advertised version of happiness is in the fact that it purports to be effortless.殚精竭虑，全力以赴，便是其精髓所在。
英语专八翻译试题及答案
英语专八翻译试题及答案一、翻译试题（英译汉）原文：In the past few decades, the rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes to our lives. The advent of the internet and smartphones has transformed the way we communicate, work, and learn. However, this progress has also led to some unintended consequences, such as the decline in face-to-face interactions and the proliferation of misinformation.要求：1. 将上述英文原文翻译成中文。
2. 翻译应准确、流畅，符合汉语表达习惯。
3. 注意保持原文的语境和语义。
二、翻译试题（汉译英）原文：随着全球化的深入发展，跨国公司在世界经济中扮演着越来越重要的角色。
它们不仅促进了国际贸易和投资，还推动了技术交流和文化交流。
要求：1. 将上述中文原文翻译成英文。
2. 翻译应准确、自然，符合英语表达习惯。
3. 注意使用恰当的词汇和句式。
三、参考答案（一）英译汉参考答案：在过去的几十年里，科技的快速发展给我们的生活带来了显著的变化。
互联网和智能手机的出现改变了我们的交流、工作和学习方式。
然而，这种进步也导致了一些意料之外的后果，比如面对面交流的减少和错误信息的泛滥。
（二）汉译英参考答案：With the deepening development of globalization,multinational companies are playing an increasingly important role in the world economy. They not only promoteinternational trade and investment but also drive the exchange of technology and culture.四、评分标准1. 翻译准确性：译文应忠实原文，不得有遗漏或添加。
专八汉译英真题及参考答案
专八汉译英真题及参考答案专八汉译英真题及参考答案随着全球化的发展，汉语的重要性日益凸显。
越来越多的人开始学习汉语，希望能够在国际交流中更好地表达自己。
而专八汉译英考试就是对学习者汉语水平的一次全面考核。
下面将介绍一些专八汉译英的真题及参考答案，希望能够对大家备考有所帮助。
真题一：中国的改革开放政策为国家的经济发展带来了巨大的变化。
中国的经济从闭关锁国走向开放，吸引了大量的外国投资和技术。
这一政策的成功也使中国成为世界上最大的出口国之一。
参考答案一：China's reform and opening-up policy has brought about tremendous changes to the country's economic development. China's economy has transitioned from being closed to the outside world to being open, attracting a large amount of foreign investment and technology. The success of this policy has also made China one of the world's largest exporters.真题二：中国的文化遗产丰富多样，包括传统建筑、绘画、音乐、舞蹈和文学等。
这些文化遗产不仅代表了中国人民的智慧和创造力，也是世界文化宝库中的瑰宝。
参考答案二：China's cultural heritage is rich and diverse, including traditional architecture, painting, music, dance, and literature, among others. These cultural treasuresnot only represent the wisdom and creativity of the Chinese people but also contribute to the world's cultural treasury.真题三：中国的环境问题日益严重，污染和资源浪费成为了亟待解决的难题。
英语专业8级翻译答案
综合练习（一）一、英译汉W ASHINGTON(Reuters) - Know your way around a lock? Then the CIA wants you: "The Central Intelligence Agency is seeking locksmiths to work with the best minds in the country while performing a mission critical to our nation," the CIA said in a recent job posting on its website, .Locksmiths, who in spy agency lingo are called technical operations officers, are needed for such tasks as to "familiarize non-technical people with technical capabilities; do hands-on work; and travel worldwide."Skill in making lock parts is an asset for prospective CIA lock-smiths. "Knowledge of electronic and manual safe lock servicing, electricity, and alarms is ideal. Knowing how to operate machinery to fabricate lock parts and tools will be beneficial," the CIA job posting said.参考答案：华盛顿(路透社)-你是否精通有关锁的技能？如果精通,美国中央情报局正想要你呢。
英语专业八级考试翻译练习(共10篇,附答案)
英语专业八级考试翻译练习（共10篇，附答案）英语专业八级考试翻译练习（1）TRANSLATION (60 MIN)SECTION A: CHINESE TO ENGLISHTranslate the following underlined text into English.简.奥斯丁的小说都是三五户人家居家度日，婚恋嫁娶的小事。
因此不少中国读者不理解她何以在西方享有那么高的声誉。
但一部小说开掘得深不深，艺术和思想是否有过人之处，的确不在题材大小。
有人把奥斯丁的作品比作越咀嚼越有味道的橄榄。
这不仅因为她的语言精彩，并曾对小说艺术的发展有创造性的贡献，也因为她的轻快活泼的叙述实际上并不那么浅白，那么透明。
史密斯夫人说过，女作家常常试图修正现存的价值秩序，改变人们对“重要”和“不重要”的看法。
也许奥斯丁的小说能教我们学会转换眼光和角度，明察到“小事”的叙述所涉及的那些不小的问题。
SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESETranslate the following underlined text into Chinese.I, by comparison, living in my overpriced city apartment, walking to work past putrid sacks of street garbage, paying usurious taxes to local and state governments I generally abhor, I am rated middle class. This causes me to wonder, do the measurement make sense? Are we measuring only that which is easily measured---the numbers on the money chart --- and ignoring values more central to the good life? For my sons there is of course the rural bounty of fresh-grown vegetables, line-caught fish and the shared riches of neighbours’ orchards and gardens. There is the unpaid baby-sitter for whose children my daughter-in-law baby-sits in return, and neighbours who barter their skills and labour. But more than that, how do you measure serenity? Sense if self?I don’t want to idealize life in small places. There are times when the outside world intrudes brutally, as when the cost of gasoline goes up or developers cast their eyes on untouched farmland. There are cruelties, there is intolerance, there are all the many vices and meannesses in small places that exist in large cities. Furthermore, it isharder to ignore them when they cannot be banished psychologically to another part of town or excused as the whims of alien groups ---when they have to be acknowledged as “part of us.”Nor do I want to belittle the opportunities for small decencies in cities ---the eruptions of one-stranger-to-another caring that always surprise and delight. But these are, sadly, more exceptions than rules and are often overwhelmed by the awful corruptions and dangers that surround us.英语专业八级考试翻译练习（2）TRANSLATION (60 MIN)SECTION A: CHINESE TO ENGLISHTranslate the following underlined text into English.近读报纸，对国内名片和请柬的议论颇多，于是想起客居巴黎时经常见到的法国人手中的名片和请柬，随笔记下来，似乎不无借鉴之处。
英语专八翻译考试题及答案
英语专八翻译考试题及答案英语专八翻译考试题及答案To sensible men, every day is a day of reckoning.以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的英语专八翻译考试题及答案，希望能给大家带来帮助!part 1【中文原文】长城，东起山海关，西至嘉峪关，横跨中国北部，全长六千多公里，号称“万里长城”，是中国古代劳动人民智慧的结晶，是世界伟大的建筑奇迹之一。
中国最早的长城，远在公元前七世纪就已经出现了。
公元前221年，秦始皇统一六国后，把秦、赵、燕三国原有长城连接起来，绵延万余里，奠定今天长城的规模，以后历代均有修筑。
现存长城，是明代修建的。
长城依山势蜿蜒起伏，宛如苍龙凌空飞舞，十分雄伟壮观，是无数中外游人的登临胜地。
【英文译文】Starting at Shanhai Pass in the east and ending up at Jiayu Pass in the west, the Great Wall traverses up and down over numerous mountains and valleys in five of China’s northern provinces and two autonomous regions. As it extends over a distance of more than 6000 kms, it is called in Chinese the Wanmlichangcheng which means “T en Thousand Li Long Wall”. It is a symbol of intelligence of the working people of old days, and also one of the great architectural miracles in the world.Construction of the wall first began in the 7th century B.C. after Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty (221—206BC) achieved the unification of China in 221 B.C... He had the fortification walls of the three kingdoms Qin, Zhao and Yan linkedup to be a continuous wall extending more than ten thousand li (a li = 1/2 kms), which formed the essential size of the present-day Great Wall. Since then the later dynasties continued to repair and build the wall. The great wall as it stands today was restored and reinforced during the Ming Dynasty.The great Wall winds like a giant serpent along the lofty myriad mountains. It is one of the most famous attractions to visitors.part 2【中文原文】万事万物由方方面面组成，而那个“男女都一样”的口号，只是向女人提出要求，却没有相同的`口号要求男人和女人做得一样：一样耐心持久地抚育孩子一样任劳任怨地操持家务;一样尽心尽责地伺奉老人。
英语专业八级考试翻译练习(1)参考答案
英语专业八级考试翻译练习（1）参考答案SECTION A: CHINESE TO ENGLISHBut the depth of a novel and its excellence in artistic quality and ideological content can never be judged by the significance or “insignificance” of the theme. Austen’s works have been compared to olives, which become the more delicious the more you chew them. This is not only because of her witty language and her creative contributions to the development of the art of novel writing, but also because of her vivid and lively narration, which is by no means shallow or transparent. Mrs. Smith said that women writers often tried to rectify the prevalent values and the existing social order and to change people’s views as to what was important and what was unimportant.SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE对我的儿子们来说,乡村当然有充足的新鲜而成熟的蔬菜,采钓的鱼,以及邻里果园和花园里可供分享的丰硕果实,乡下有位不计报酬的保姆,我儿媳看管他的孩子作为回报,.此外(且不说这些)你如何来衡量那种安静那种自我感呢?我无意将小城镇的生活理想化,因为有时外部的世界无情地侵入,比如汽油价格上涨或开发商着眼于未被染指的农田时,令人无法忍受的大城市的所有种种罪恶和卑劣行径在这小地方也同样存在.不仅如此当人们无法将它们解释为异族的怪异而不得不承认这一切都是我们自己的一部分时, 就更加难以忽视它们了.英语专业八级考试翻译练习（2）参考答案SECTION A: CHINESE TO ENGLISHIn Paris, cocktail parties and buffet receptions of different kinds offer great opportunities for making friends. On such occasions, strangers may get to know each other. If they are Asians, they will, very respectfully and with both hands, present their calling cards to their interlocutors before any conversation starts. This seems to be the required courtesy on their part. The French, however, usually are not so ready with such a formality. Both sides will greet each other, and even chat casually about any topic and then excuse themselves. Only when they find they like each other and hope to further the relationship will they exchange cards. It will seem very unnatural to do so before any real conversation gets under way.SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE这应该不是件难事。
专八英译中答案
In some societies people want children for what might be called familial reasons 1 : to extend the family line or the family name 2 , to propitiate the ancestors; to enable the proper functioning of religious rituals involving the family 3 . Such reasons may seem thin in the modern, secularized society but they have been and are powerful indeed in other places.In addition, one class of family reasons shares a border with the following category 4 , namely, having children in order to maintain or improve a marriage: to hold the husband or occupy the wife 5 , to repair or rejuvenate the marriage; to increase the number of children on the assumption that family happiness lies that way 6 . The point is underlined by its converse 7 : in some societies the failure to bear children (or males) is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce. 8Beyond all that is the profound significance of children to the very institution of the family itself. 9 To many people, husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family —they need children to enrich the circle, tovalidate its family character, to gather the redemptive influence 10 of offspring. Children need the family, but the family seems also to need children, as the social institution uniquely available, at least in principle, for security, comfort, assurance, and direction in a changing, often hostile, world. To most people, such a home base, in the literal sense, needs more than one person for sustenance and in generational extension.【概述】本文是一篇典型的议论型语篇，用词正式，句法复杂，逻辑严谨，读起来很不顺口。
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（一）英译汉练习1. The winds of November were like summer breezes to him, and his face glowed with the pleasant cold. His cheeks were flushed and his eyes glistened; his vitality was intense, shining out upon others with almost a material warmth.十一月的寒风，对他就像夏天吹拂的凉风一样。
舒适的冷空气使他容光焕发，两颊通红，两眼闪光。
他生气勃勃，叫别人感到是一团炙手的火。
（英语material warmth 字面意思是"物质的温暖"，这里具体译作"一团炙手的火"言明意清，让人一看就懂。
）2. It was morning, and the new sun sparkled gold across the ripples of gentle sea. The sea was wonderfully calm and now it was rich with all the color of the setting sun. In the sky already a solitary star twinkled.清晨，初升的太阳照着平静的海面，微波荡漾，闪耀着金色的光芒。
（英语the ripples of the gentle sea 译成汉语时在结构上作了调整，这样译文念起来意思清楚，行文漂亮。
）3. To appease their thirst its readers drank deeper than before, until they were seized with a kind of delirium.为了解渴，读者比以前越饮越深，直到陷入了昏迷状态。
这个句子的译文死抠原文形式，死抠字典释义，翻译腔严重，让人难以明白其意思，可改译为：读者为了满足自己的渴望，越读越想读，直到进入了如痴如醉的状态。
所谓过分表达，就是指译文画蛇添足，增加了原文没有的东西；而欠表达则是省略或删节原文的内容。
翻译时均应避免这类错误。
4. Early Reagan was a mirror image of early Carter.里根上台时在做法上跟执政初期的卡特毫无二致。
（a mirror image 如直译为"镜子里的形象"，就让人感到非常别扭，远不如"毫无二致"自然。
）5. Up Broadway he turned, and halted at a glittering café, where are gathered together nightly the choicest products of the grapes, the silkworm and the protoplasm.他拐到百老汇路上，在一家灯火辉煌的饭店前停下来，那里每晚汇集上好的美酒、华丽的衣服和有地位的人物。
6. Words are not themselves a reality but only representation of it, and the King's English, like the Anglo-French of the Normans, is a class representation of reality.单词本身并不是客观物体，只不过是代表客观体而已；像日尔曼人的盎格鲁法语一样，标准英语也是一种代表客观体的语言。
（King's English 不能直译为"国王英语"，它是指标准英语，相当于汉语中的"普通话"。
）7. At 19 he had commenced one of those careers attractive and inexplicable to ordinary mortals for whoma single bankruptcy is good as a feast.他19 岁时就已经走上了一条在普通人看来是极富吸引力而又不可理解的道路，普通人认为，只是一次破产就叫人够呛了。
(good as a feast 如直译为"像丰盛的宴席一样好",意思正好反了.直接释明其意"叫人够呛",地道通顺.)8. Mr. Kingsley and his Red Brick boys will have to look to their laurels.金斯利先生和他那些二流大学的学生们必须小心翼翼地保持已经取得的荣誉。
（Red Brick 又称Red Brick Universities，指英国除牛津、剑桥大学以外的其他地方性二流大学。
因其建筑主要是红砖砌成，不象牛津、剑桥的建筑均为古色古香的石块所建成，故得此名。
9. I was extremely worried about her, but this was neither the place nor the time for a lecture or an argument.我真替他万分担忧，但此时此地既不宜教训她一番，也不宜与她争论一通。
英语中没有量词，汉译时就得根据汉语的表达习惯增加合适的量词10. An individual human existence should be like a river-small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls.一个人的一生可以比作一条河流：开始身躯很小，两岸之间非常狭窄，水流湍急，冲过砾石，飞下悬瀑。
11. When I turned around, John was grinning, expectant, studying my face intently to see if he had pleased me. He had.我转过身，只见约翰正咧着嘴笑，满脸期待的神情；他热切的目光想从我的脸上探明他是否博得了我的欢心。
他确实博得了我的欢心。
（增补he had 后被省略的部分）12. Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection weakness, thrift avarice.勇敢过度，即成蛮勇；疼爱过度，即成溺爱；俭约过度，即成贪婪。
（增补被省掉的in excess becomes）13. He doubtlessly expected hugs, tablefuls of food, tears, laughter, and conversation followed by more conversation, then hugs and more hugs all over again,without end.毫无疑问，他以为会有热烈的拥抱，满桌的食物，激动的泪水，欢乐的笑声，一段接一段的谈话，一次又一次的拥抱，没完没了。
（译文中增加了三个相应的形容词，形象地描绘出他想象中的欢乐场景，使意思更加明确，表达更加生动。
）14. The sky is clear blue now the sun has flung diamonds down on meadow and bank and wood.此时已是万里蓝天，太阳把颗颗光彩夺目的钻石洒向草原，洒向河岸，洒向树林。
有时为了意思明确还必须增加合适的名词或是重复同一名词，例如：15. These early cars were slow, clumsy, and inefficient.这些早期的汽车速度缓慢，行动笨拙，效率不高。
（译文中在形容词前分别加上了三个名词，既使译文意思明确，又使它形成四字词组，匀称整齐。
）16. Their host carved, poured, served, cut bread, talked, laughed, proposed healths.他们的主人,（又是）割啊，（又是）倒啊，（又是）上菜啊，（又是）切面包啊，（又是）说啊，（又是）笑啊，（又是）敬酒啊，忙个不停。
（增加语气助词和概括词语）17. Only very slight and very scattering ripples of half-hearted hand-clapping greeted him.欢迎他的只有几下轻轻地、零零落落、冷冷淡淡的掌声。
（叠词）18. I felt a trifle shy at the thought of presenting myself to a total stranger with the announcement that I was going to sleep under his roof, eat his food and drink his whisky, till another boat came in to take me to the port for which I was bound.我要去见一个素不相识的陌生人，向他宣布我得住在他家、吃他的、喝他的，一直等到下一班船到来，把我带到我要去的港口为止──想到这儿，我真有点不好意思了。
(这里，如把"sleep under his roof, eat his food and drink his whisky"直译为"睡在他的屋顶下、吃他的食物、喝他的威士忌"，会使语言极为繁冗，不够精练。
译文采用减省译法处理原文，既准确地传达了原意，又使行文简洁，气韵十足，一气呵成。
)19. There was not a sound in her---and around us nothing moved, nothing lived, not a canoe on the water, not a bird in the air, not a cloud in the sky.船上悄然无声，四周一片静谧，死一般沉寂，水面不见轻舟飘动，天空不见小鸟浮云。
20. He appeared at her side, breathing audibly, a moment after she reached the stop. She gazed ahead, rigid.她到车站不一会儿，他便出现在她的身旁，听见他喘息的声音。