(完整版)高中英语非谓语动词详解
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第二讲非谓语动词
教学重点
1, 非谓语动词和谓语动词的区别;
2, 非谓语动词的各种形式和应用;
3, 非谓语动词的考点解析。
一、非谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别
1•谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语,而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。如:Miss Mary teaches us English .玛丽教我们英语。(teaches是谓语动词。)
Mr Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.
维克托先生上周末来到了我们教室和我们谈话。(to have a talk不定式作状语)2•谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制,而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。如:Tom likes the pop music.汤姆喜欢流行音乐。(动词用第三人称单数形式)Tom has nothing to do today.汤姆今天没有什么事要做。(do用原形)
二、非谓语动词的各种形式和应用
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。其动能和形式如下:
非谓语动词在句中所做的成分如下:
三、考点解析
非谓语动词一直是高考中的热点。解答非谓语动词的题目时,一定要解析句子结构,确定所设空是谓语动词还是非谓语动词,以及非谓语动词在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补);找准相关动词的逻辑主语,确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动);搜索句子中相关的时间信息,确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。
1 动名词和不定式作表语
①如果表语是不定式,主语也是不定式;表语是动名词,主语也是动名词。如:
To see is to believe= See ing is believ ing.
②动名词作主语的句型。如:
It is no use/no good/useless doing sth.
It is a waste of time doing(也可用It is a waste of time to do)
③动词不定式和动名词的复合结构:
动词不定式的复合结构有两种:It is difficult/easy/possible/necessary/...for sb. to do sth和It is kind/wise/foolish/considerate/...of sb. to de。
动名词的复合结构是由名词所有格或“物主代词+动名词”构成。在口语和非正式语体中,只要不是作主语,动名词复合结构中的逻辑主语常采用名词通格或人称代词宾格。如:
His coming made me happy.
I can't imagine his/him living there alone.
④动名词被动式作主语(过去分词不可作主语)。如:
Being exposed to the sunlight for a long time does harm to your skin.
完成下列句子:
①It's foolish __________________________ 你相信他说的话).
②It's impossible ___________________________ 做这样的事).
③Do you mind __________________________ 我抽烟)?
④It's no use __________________________ 你禾廿他争辩).
⑤________ (go) abroad is an honour to me.
⑥________ (take) abroad is an honour to me.
⑦________ (devote) to his work made him succeed.
【答案】① of you to believe what he said ②for him to do such a thing
③my/me smoking ④your/you arguing with him ⑤Going ⑥Being taken
⑦ Being devoted
2 动名词和不定式作宾语
①下面的动词要求用不定式作宾语:
attempt(企图),afford(负担得起),dema nd要求),lo ng(渴望),desire 渴望), expect, hope, wish, want, swear(发誓),volunteer(自愿),offer(提供),fail(未能),plan, care关心,喜欢),happen碰巧),prepare准备),learn (学习),choose(选择),hesitate犹豫), claim(要求),promise, undertake (承接), appear似乎), seek(寻觅),refuse(拒绝),decide(决定),determ in e(决定),man age设法),prete nd假装), agree同意),bother(烦恼),in te nd(想要),wait(等待)
②下面的动词只能用动名词作宾语:
ack no wledge(承认),admit(承认),deny(否认),me ntio n(说到,讲到),tolerate/stand/bear忍受),dislike(不喜欢),advocate(提倡,主张),appreciate(感激,欣赏),avoid(避免),enjoy(享受),envy(嫉妒),delay(延迟),postpone延迟,延期),escape逃跑,逃避),
excuse/pardon/forgive原谅),fancy(幻想,爱好),imagine(想象),f avour(造成,偏爱),mind(介意),miss(错过),f inish(完成),r esist(抵抗),risk(冒