高中化学各类有机物之间的相互转化关系

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各类有机物之间的相互转化关系

CH

CH3

323

高聚酯

CH3CH2ONa

CH32233

(1)CH3CH3+Br2光照CH3CH2Br+HBr

(2)CH2=CH2+H2催化剂

CH3CH3(3)CH2=CH2+Br2CH2BrCH2Br (4)CH2=CH2+HBr CH3CH2Br (5)CH2=CH2+H2O浓H2SO4CH3CH2OH

(6)n CH2=CH2催化剂CH2CH2

n

(7)CH≡CH+H2催化剂

CH2=CH2

(8)CH≡CH+HCl催化剂

CH2=CHCl

(9)CH2CH

Cl

2CH

Cl

n

n

(10)CaC2+2H2O CH≡CH↑+Ca(OH)

2

(11)+ Br2催化剂Br+

HBr

(12)+ HO-NO22SO4

△NO2+ H2O

(13)+3H2催化剂

△(14)

CH3

+ 3HO-NO22SO4

CH3

O2N

2

NO2

+3H2O (15)

CH3

4

或酸性K2Cr2O7

COOH

(16)2OH+2Na2ONa+H2↑

OH+NaOH ONa+H2O

OH+Na2CO3ONa+NaHCO3(17)ONa+HCl OH+NaCl

ONa+CO2+H2O OH+NaHCO3(18)

OH

+3Br2

OH

Br Br

↓+3HBr

(19)2CH3CH2OH+2Na2CH3CH2ONa+H2↑(20)CH3CH2OH浓H2SO40CH2=CH2↑+H2O

(21)C2H5-OH+HO-C2H52SO40C2H5-O-C2H5+H2O (22)CH3CH2OH+HBr△CH3CH2Br+H2O

(23)2CH3CH2OH+O2催化剂△2CH3CHO+2H2O

CH3CH2OH+CuO△CH3CHO+Cu+H2O

(24)2CH3CHO+O2催化剂△2CH3COOH

(25)CH3CHO+2Ag(NH3)2OH△CH3COONH4+2Ag↓+3NH3+H2O

(26)CH3CHO+2Cu(OH)2△CH3COOH+Cu2O↓+2H2O (27)CH3CHO+H2催化剂△CH3CH2OH

(28)CH3COOH+HOC2H5浓H2SO4

CH3COOC2H5+H2O

(29)CH3COOC2H5+H2O稀H2SO4

CH3COOH+C2H5OH (30)2CH3COOH+2Na2CH3COONa+H2↑

2CH3COOH+Na2O2CH3COONa+H2O

CH3COOH+NaOH CH3COONa+H2O

2CH3COOH+Na2CO32CH3COONa+H2O+CO2↑

CH3COOH+NaHCO3CH3COONa+H2O+CO2↑(31)CH3COOC2H5+NaOH△CH3COONa+C2H5OH (32)CH3CH2Br+NaOH△水CH3CH2OH+NaBr (33)CH3CH2Br+NaOH△乙醇CH2=CH2↑+NaBr+H2O (34)CH2Br

CH2Br

+ 2NaOH△水CH2OH

CH2OH

+2NaBr

(35)CH2BrCH2Br+2NaOH△乙醇CH≡CH↑+2NaBr+2H2O

(36)CH2OH

2OH

+O2催化剂

CHO

CHO

+2H2O

(37)CHO+O2催化剂

COOH(38)CHO+2H

2

催化剂

CH2OH

2OH

(39)COOH+CH2OH

2OH

2SO4

C

O

C

O

O O

CH2

CH2

+2H2O

(40)n COOH+n CH2OH

CH2OH

2SO4

C

HO

O

C

O

O CH2CH2O H

n

+(2n-1)H2O

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