高中化学各类有机物之间的相互转化关系
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各类有机物之间的相互转化关系
CH
CH3
323
高聚酯
CH3CH2ONa
CH32233
(1)CH3CH3+Br2光照CH3CH2Br+HBr
(2)CH2=CH2+H2催化剂
△
CH3CH3(3)CH2=CH2+Br2CH2BrCH2Br (4)CH2=CH2+HBr CH3CH2Br (5)CH2=CH2+H2O浓H2SO4CH3CH2OH
(6)n CH2=CH2催化剂CH2CH2
n
(7)CH≡CH+H2催化剂
△
CH2=CH2
(8)CH≡CH+HCl催化剂
△
CH2=CHCl
(9)CH2CH
Cl
2CH
Cl
n
n
(10)CaC2+2H2O CH≡CH↑+Ca(OH)
2
(11)+ Br2催化剂Br+
HBr
(12)+ HO-NO22SO4
△NO2+ H2O
(13)+3H2催化剂
△(14)
CH3
+ 3HO-NO22SO4
△
CH3
O2N
2
NO2
+3H2O (15)
CH3
4
或酸性K2Cr2O7
COOH
(16)2OH+2Na2ONa+H2↑
OH+NaOH ONa+H2O
OH+Na2CO3ONa+NaHCO3(17)ONa+HCl OH+NaCl
ONa+CO2+H2O OH+NaHCO3(18)
OH
+3Br2
OH
Br Br
↓+3HBr
(19)2CH3CH2OH+2Na2CH3CH2ONa+H2↑(20)CH3CH2OH浓H2SO40CH2=CH2↑+H2O
(21)C2H5-OH+HO-C2H52SO40C2H5-O-C2H5+H2O (22)CH3CH2OH+HBr△CH3CH2Br+H2O
(23)2CH3CH2OH+O2催化剂△2CH3CHO+2H2O
CH3CH2OH+CuO△CH3CHO+Cu+H2O
(24)2CH3CHO+O2催化剂△2CH3COOH
(25)CH3CHO+2Ag(NH3)2OH△CH3COONH4+2Ag↓+3NH3+H2O
(26)CH3CHO+2Cu(OH)2△CH3COOH+Cu2O↓+2H2O (27)CH3CHO+H2催化剂△CH3CH2OH
(28)CH3COOH+HOC2H5浓H2SO4
△
CH3COOC2H5+H2O
(29)CH3COOC2H5+H2O稀H2SO4
△
CH3COOH+C2H5OH (30)2CH3COOH+2Na2CH3COONa+H2↑
2CH3COOH+Na2O2CH3COONa+H2O
CH3COOH+NaOH CH3COONa+H2O
2CH3COOH+Na2CO32CH3COONa+H2O+CO2↑
CH3COOH+NaHCO3CH3COONa+H2O+CO2↑(31)CH3COOC2H5+NaOH△CH3COONa+C2H5OH (32)CH3CH2Br+NaOH△水CH3CH2OH+NaBr (33)CH3CH2Br+NaOH△乙醇CH2=CH2↑+NaBr+H2O (34)CH2Br
CH2Br
+ 2NaOH△水CH2OH
CH2OH
+2NaBr
(35)CH2BrCH2Br+2NaOH△乙醇CH≡CH↑+2NaBr+2H2O
(36)CH2OH
2OH
+O2催化剂
△
CHO
CHO
+2H2O
(37)CHO+O2催化剂
△
COOH(38)CHO+2H
2
催化剂
△
CH2OH
2OH
(39)COOH+CH2OH
2OH
2SO4
△
C
O
C
O
O O
CH2
CH2
+2H2O
(40)n COOH+n CH2OH
CH2OH
2SO4
△
C
HO
O
C
O
O CH2CH2O H
n
+(2n-1)H2O