专业英语八级英语语言学知识-1

专业英语八级英语语言学知识-1

(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)

一、单项选择题(总题数：40，分数：100.00)

1.Which of the following is NOT the correct relationship between language and culture?

A. Language expresses cultural reality.

B. Language embodies cultural identity.

C. Language symbolizes cultural reality.

D. Language determines cultural reality.

（分数：2.50）

A.

B.

C.

D. √

解析：文化是语言的内容，语言是文化的载体，语言能够表达文化、体现文化，也是文化的象征和标志。语言不能决定文化。

2.In a broad sentence, culture includes ______.

A. patterns of belief

B. customs, objects and institutions

C. techniques and language

D. all the above

（分数：2.50）

A.

B.

C.

D. √

解析：文化，从广义上来说，是指一个民族的整体生活方式，包括信仰、习俗、物质、体制、技能、语言、价值观等。

3.According to linguists, there are two types of culture: the more concrete and observable______ and the more abstract and hidden

A. material culture, spiritual culture

B. national culture, local culture

C. spiritual culture, material culture

D. local culture, national culture

（分数：2.50）

A. √

B.

C.

D.

解析：广义上的文化包含内容甚广，主要可以划分为物质文化和精神文化两种类型，物质文化具体可见，而精神文化则抽象隐含。

4.______ refers to the identical part of culture between two societies owing to some similarities in the natural environment and psychology of human beings.

A. Cultural overlap

B. Cultural imperialism

C. Cultural diffusion

D. Cultural expansion

（分数：2.50）

A. √

B.

C.

D.

解析：文化与文化之间存在的相同之处，被称为文化重叠(cultural overlap)。

5.Through communication, some elements of one culture may enter another culture and become part of that culture. This phenomenon is called ______.

A. cultural overlap

B. cultural imperialism

C. cultural diffusion

D. cultural expansion

（分数：2.50）

A.

B.

C. √

D.

解析：一种文化中特有的要素经过交流和传播，进入到另外一种文化并成为这种文化的一部分的现象被称为文化扩散(cultural diffusion)。

6.The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is about ______.

A. language and culture

B. language and society

C. language acquisition

D. language and thought

（分数：2.50）

A.

B.

C.

D. √

解析：著名的SWH(萨皮尔．沃尔夫假说)是关于语言与思维之间的关系的假说，其基本观点是：语言从某种程度上决定思维，不同的语言能以不同方式表达其使用者独特的世界观。

7.The strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis holds that language patterns ______ people's thinking and behavior.

A. influence

B. determine

C. distort

D. have no influence on

（分数：2.50）

A.

B. √

C.

D.

解析：SWH(萨皮尔-沃尔夫假说)有两种诠释：一个是strong version，认为语言决定思维，另一个是weak version，认为语言只是在某种程度上影响思维。

8.The practice of observing holidays of foreign origins and accepting concepts from other cultures is an example of ______.

A. cultural overlap

B. cultural diffusion

C. cultural transmission

D. cultural relativity