英汉转换翻译

It is our goal that the people in the undeveloped areas will be finally off poverty. 我们的目标是使不发达地区的人民最终摆脱贫困。 The company has advertised in the newspaper for electronic experts. 公司在报上登广告招聘电子方面的专家。 A force is needed to move an object against inertia. 为使物体克服 克服惯性而运动，就需要一个力。 克服
在翻译过程中， 如果绝对地按照原语的词 性进行翻译，有时译文会显得晦涩或不符 合译语的表达习惯。这时， 我们可以对原 语的词性进行转换翻译。英译汉中常见的 词性转换有以下几个方面。
一、 转译成动词 (Converting into verbs)
1. 名词转译成动词（ n.---v. ） 名词转译成动词（
They admitted the feasibility of our proposal. 他们承认我们的建议是可行的。 The laws of thermodynamics are of prime importance in the study of heat. 热力学理论对研究热是很重要的。
2. 副词转化成形容词（Adverbs converted into Adjectives) Earthquakes are closely relating to faulting. 地震与地层断裂有密切的关系。 Her speech impressed us deeply. 她的讲演给我们以深刻的印象。 The pressure inside equals the pressure outside. 内部的压力和外部的压力相等。 Many plants here are of modern construction. 这儿的许多工厂是现代建筑。 He is physically weak but mentally sound. 他身体虽弱，但心智健全。 (adv. --- n.) How can it be proved that gases are perfectly elastic (弹性的)? 如何证明气体具有理想的弹性呢？
4. 副词转译为动词（adv.---v.） 副词转译为动词（ ）
What film will be on this evening? 今晚放映什么影片？ That book will be out pretty soon. 那本书不久就要出版了。 In those years the republicans were in. 那些年是共和党执政。 Double windows were fixed to keep the cold out. 安装双层窗御寒。 动名词转译成动词（ 动名词转译成动词（gerund---v.） ） The origin of this particular culture is far from clearing. 这种奇特的文化根源远没有弄清楚。
*When light falls on certain things, it bounces back, which we say the light is reflected. 光照到某种物体上会弹回来，这种情况我们称之为光受 到反射。 注意： 如果英语动词译成汉语动词时跟前后的修饰语不 好搭配；或搭配起来不符合汉语习惯，可以把动词译成名 词，再在名词前加上与之搭配的动词。 *The youths always dream fondly of their future. 年轻人对前途总是怀有 怀有美好的梦想 梦想。 怀有 梦想 *Independent observers have commented favorably on the achievements you have made in this direction. 有独立见解的观察家们对你们在这方面所取得的成就给 给 评价。 予了很高的评价 评价
2. 形容词转译为名词 （adj.---n. ） 有些形容词在翻译时如不易或不能用适宜的汉语形容词表 达，可改用名词表达。 The day was cloudy but the sun was trying to come through. 天上有云，不过太阳就要破云而出了。 Obedience is obligatory on a soldier. 服从命令是军人的天职。 Many Western people are religious. 很多西方人/西方人多数都是虔诚的教徒。 In the fission(裂变) process the fission fragments are very radioactive. 在裂变过程中，裂变碎片具有强烈的放射性。 It is a fact that glass is much more soluble than quarts(石 英). 事实上，玻璃的可溶性比石英大得多。
翻译技巧 ---词类转换法
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Those small factories are also lavish consumers, and wasters, of raw materials. 原译：那些小厂还是原材料的消费者和浪费者。 改译：那些小厂还极大地消耗和浪费了原材料。
This watch never varies more than a second in a month. 这块表一个月的误差从不超过一秒钟。 Bright warm days follow clear cool nights. 白日明媚温暖，夜晚清澈凉爽。
“Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the verandah, and into the porch. “来啦！”她转身蹦跳着越过草地，跑上小径， 跨上台阶，穿过凉台，进了门廊。 Party officials worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves, by dim lamps. 党的干部每天长时间工作，吃的是粗茶淡饭， 住的是冰冷的窑洞，点的是黯淡的油灯。
They did their best to help the sick and the wounded. 他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。 Both the compounds are acids, the former is strong, the latter weak. 这两种化合物都是酸，前者是强酸，后者 是弱酸。
2. 介词转译成动词（prep.---v.） 介词转译成动词（ ） The road to development is long but we are firmly on it. 发展的道路虽然漫长，可我们已坚定地走上了 这条路。 He is walking in the park with an umbrella in his hand. 他在公园散步，手里拿着一把伞。
I am afraid I can’t teach you English. I think my daughter is a better teacher than I. 恐怕我教不了你英语，我想我女儿比我教得好。 The operation of a computer needs some knowledge of English. 操作电脑需要一些英语知识。
英语中具有动作意义的名词，汉译时往往可转化为动词。 Families upstairs have to carry pails to the hydrant downstairs for water. 得提着水桶去楼下的水龙头打水。(5 住在楼上的人家得提着 得提着 去 打 verbs) They went on strike in demand of a 40 percent wage increase. 他们举行罢工，要求工资增加40%。 Give me liberty or give me death. 不自由， 毋宁死。 He is an enemy to reform. 他反对改革。
4. 副词转译为名词 （adv. --- n.） ） It was officially announced that the President had decided to postpone his visit to the Middle East. 官方宣布，总统已决定推迟出访中东。 Oxygen is one of the most important elements in the physical world, and it is very active chemically. 氧是物质世界最重要的元素之一，其化学 性能很活泼。
3. 代词转译为名词 （pron. --- n.） ） Radio waves are similar to light waves except that their wavelength is much greater. 无线电波与光波相似，但无线电波的波长要长得多。 The specific resistance (电阻系数) of iron is not so small as that of copper. 铁的电阻系数不如铜的电阻系数那样少。 The result of this experiment is much better than those of previous ones. 这次试验的结果比前几次的实验结果都好得多。
The work at the weather observation stations goes on regularly without any interruption, in spite of any weather conditions. 不管天气情况如何，气象观察站的工作都正常进 行，毫不间断。 Metals can be welded by means of heat produced by a current. 金属可以用电流产生的热来进行焊接。
三．转译成形容词 （conversion into Adjectives)
1. 名词转化成形容词 （Nouns Converted into Adjectives) This experiment was a success. 这个实验 很成功。 The pallor (苍白)of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment. 她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪。
3 形容词转译成动词（adj.---v.） 形容词转译成动词（ ）
Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life. 医生说他们不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。 Don’t be afraid of those who might have a better idea or who might even be smarter than you are. 不要恐惧那些想法可能比你高明，或者那些可能 比你更聪明的人。 Is Mr. Smith familiar with the performance of the laboratory equipment? 史密斯先生熟悉实验室设备的性能吗？ Both of the substances are soluble in water. 两种物质都能溶于水。
二．转译成名词 (Converting into Nouns)
当英语动词的意义不易用汉语动词表达，或不能表达得很 准确时，可以把动词转译为名词。
1. 动词转移为名词 （v.---n.） ）
The mountaineers set up another camp the third day when 6,500 ft. was read from the altimeter(高度表). 登山运动员第三天建立了另一座营地，当时高度表的读 数为6500英尺。 Harry aims to become a computer expert. 哈里的目标是成为计算机专家。 Your work is characterized by lack of attention to detail. 你工作的毛病是不注意细节。（粗心大意） The machine weighs about five hundred kilograms. 这台机器的重量是500公斤。