呼吸系统_英文版ppt课件

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呼吸系统(英文版) PPT-

The nasopharynx is the fist division, and it is nearest to the nasal cavities. It contains the adenoids, which are masses of lymphatic tissue. The adenoids (also known as the pharyngeal tonsils) are more prominent in children, and if enlarged, they can obstruct air passageways.
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New words
咽
nasopharynx 鼻咽 oropharynx 口咽 laryngopharynx喉咽 pharyngeal 咽的 hypopharyngeal 下咽的
throat 咽喉 adenoid 腺样体
adeno-
adenoma
adenocarcinoma
adenovirus
Responsibilities of respiratory system
Respiration = exchange of gases between body and air
Provides oxygen to body cells for energy Removes carbon dioxide from body cells
tonsil 扁桃体
pharyngeal ~
palatine ~
palatine 腭的 larynx 喉 esophagus 食道 vocal cord 声带 vibrate震动 deterrent 妨碍物 flap 皮瓣 epiglottis 会厌 10

呼吸系统-英文版ppt课件

可编辑课件PPT
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Diaphragm located below the lungs, attaching to the lower ribs, sternum and lumbar spine and forming the base of the thoracic cavity, is the major muscle of respiration. It is a large, dome-shaped muscle that contracts rhythmically and continually, and most of the time, involuntarily. Upon inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and flattens and the chest cavity enlarges. This contraction creates a vacuum, which pulls air into the lungs. Upon exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes and returns to its domelike shape, and air is forced out of the lungs.
可编辑课件PPT
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When you breathe, the air: enters the body through the nose or the mouth travels down the throat through the larynx (voice box) and trachea (windpipe) goes into the lungs through tubes called main-stem bronchi one main-stem bronchus leads to the right lung and one to the left lung in the lungs, the main-stem bronchi divide into smaller bronchi and then into even smaller tubes called bronchioles bronchioles end in tiny air sacs called alveoli

呼吸系统疾病英文PPT课件

Based on anatomy or X-ray manifestation
❖ Bronchopneumonia ❖ Lobar or Lobular Pneumonia ❖ Interstitial Pneumonia
Based on etiology
❖ Bacterial pneumonia ❖ Viral Pneumonia ❖ Mycoplasma Pneumonia ❖ Chlamydia Pneumonia
Classification of Respiratory Infections
According to the level of the respiratory tree most involved:
❖ Upper respiratory tract infection
❖ Lower respiratory tract infection
❖ Pneumonia remains the most common cause of morbidity in China.
Question
How to classify pneumonia in clinic?
Classification
❖ Anatomy ❖ Pathogens ❖ Severity ❖ Duration ❖ Onset site
What are the signs and symptoms of pneumonia?
The clinical signs and symptoms of pneumonia depend primarily on the age of the patient, the causative organism, and the severity of the disease.

呼吸系统PPT课件：hypoxia

◆ Circulatory hypoxia（循环性缺氧）
Circulatory hypoxia refers to inadequate blood flow leading to inadequate oxygenation of the tissues.
由于组织血流量,使组织供
氧量所引起的缺氧。
O2 in blood
1.5%
physically dissolved
bound to hemoglobin
98.5%
Normal value
PaO2： 100 mmHg （ 13.3kPa ） PvO2： 40 mmHg （ 5.3kPa ）
Acting factor ◣Partial pressure of inspired oxygen
100ml血液中Hb所能结合0 ml%
Acting factor
Hb quantity and quality
3. oxygen content, CO2
The total oxygen content of blood includes oxygen that is bound to haemoglobin and physically dissolved in plasma.
◣Etiology
1.Decreased PO2 in inspired air ：
plateau
2.External respiratory dysfunction：COPD
3.Venous-to-arterial shunts：
congenital heart disease
◣Characteristics of blood O2
◣Etiology

《呼吸系统疾病》PPT课件

A、肺泡壁：毛细血管受压，充血消退。 B、肺泡腔：大量纤维素和中性粒细胞，纤维素丝穿过肺泡间孔与相邻肺泡中的纤维素网相连
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（3）灰色肝样变期（5－6天） ① 形成：变态反应达到高峰并逐渐减弱 ② 镜下：
A、肺泡壁：毛细血管受压，充血消退。 B、肺泡腔：大量纤维素和中性粒细胞，纤维素丝穿过肺泡间孔与相邻肺泡中的纤维素网相连
③ 肉眼：病变肺叶肿胀、暗红色，切面可挤出泡沫状血性浆液。
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lobar pneumonia（大叶性肺炎）
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④ 临床病理联系：
A、毒血症：寒战高热、外周血白细胞计数升高。 B、呼吸道症状：咳嗽、咳痰。 C、渗出液中可检出肺炎链球菌。 D、X线：片状模糊阴影。
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（2）红色肝样变期（3－4天） ① 形成：变态反应增强，血管扩张、通透性增高更加明显，纤维蛋白原渗出。 ② 镜下： A、肺泡壁：毛细血管扩张充血。 B、肺泡腔：大量红细胞、一定量的纤维素
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第一节第二节第三节第四节第五节第六节
肺炎慢性阻塞性肺病肺尘埃沉着症慢性肺源性心脏病呼吸窘迫综合征肺癌
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Pneumonia 肺炎
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概述：
➢ 指肺的急性渗出性炎症。
分类依据
病因性质病变部位范围
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一、细菌性肺炎
（一）大叶性肺炎（lobar pneumonia）
通过肺泡间孔蔓延
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2、病因和发病机制
（1）病因：肺炎链球菌（2）诱因：呼吸道防御功能减弱（3）发病机制：
细菌侵入肺泡内繁殖
Ⅰ型变态反应

呼吸系统气体交换(英文版)

Transport---O2
a protein made up of four subunits Hemoglobin molecule bound together Each iron atom can bind one molecule of oxygen, a single hemoglobin molecule can bind four molecules of oxygen.
Gas Exchange in the tissues
•In this manner, as blood flows through systemic capillaries, its PO2 decreases and its PCO2 increases.
Metabolic reactions occurring within cells are constantly consuming oxygen and producing carbon dioxide .Therefore , intracellular PO2 is lower and PCO2 higher than in blood .As the result ,there is a net diffusion of oxygen from blood into cells ,and a net diffusion of carbon dioxide from cells into blood.
In lung affections or pulmonary edema ,some of the alveoli may become filled with fluid .Diffusion may also be impaired if the alveolar walls become thickened. Very importantly ,diffusion problems in the lung are restricted to oxygen and do not affect elimination of carbon dioxide ,which is much more diffusible than oxygen.

呼吸系统(中英文)PPT课件

呼吸困难 labored breathing (hypoventilation) 右心衰 right-sided heart failure (cor pulmonale)
Treatment
不能根治控制症状
No cure relieving
symptoms
防止并发症 preventing complications
小细支气管炎
病理学 Pathology
NMU博学至精明德至善
Clinical features
支气管粘膜炎症、粘液分泌旺盛
咳痰
支气管痉挛，渗出物阻塞
喘
病理学 Pathology
NMU博学至精明德至善
晚期表现 Late stage menifestation
血氧饱和度低 insufficient oxygenation of blood (hypoxemia)
肺间质、肺泡间隔：cap. , f, Mφ
病理学 Pathology
NMU博学至精明德至善 Histology of the Airways
Components Functions
Bronchi are distinguished from bronchioles primarily by the presence of cartilage in their walls. Bronchioles also lack submucosal glands.
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscles
Cartilage 病理学 Pathology
NMU博学至精明德至善
Epithelium
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar cells Mucous (goblet) cells

组织学与胚胎学呼吸系统ppt课件

肺静脉
支气管静脉
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参与多种物质的代谢和转化
肺血管内皮细胞具有很强的多种酶活性
例：合成和降解前列腺素；
合成和分泌心房肽（内皮细胞、血管平滑肌细胞、II肺泡细胞）: A.排钠利尿；
B.扩张肺动脉及支气管；
质的分泌。
C.增加肺泡表面活性物
血管紧张素（AT）-І的转化:AT-I AT-II
5-羟色胺的合成与清除等
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呼吸系统中与净化空气有关的结构有哪些？并叙述其主要结构特点。
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呼吸系统
(respiratory system)
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重点： 1.肺导气部的管壁变化规律。 2.肺泡的光镜、超微结构。
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呼吸系统中与净化空气有关的结构有哪些？并叙述其主要结构特点。
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鼻粘膜前庭部：鼻翼腔面呼吸部：下、中鼻甲、
鼻道、鼻中隔中下部嗅部：鼻中隔上部、上鼻甲、鼻腔顶部
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上皮：未角化的复层扁平上皮；固有层：细密结缔组织、毛囊
（无立毛肌）、皮脂腺等。
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上皮：假复层纤毛柱状上皮；固有层：疏松结缔组织、混合腺、静脉丛和淋巴组织等。
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浆液性嗅腺
施万细胞
假复层柱状上皮
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larynx
室襞喉室
声襞:膜部（上皮为复扁，固有层为疏松结缔组织和富含弹性纤维的致密结缔组织）。
软骨部（同室壁和喉室相似）。
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软骨部膜部
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纤毛细胞杯状细胞基细胞刷细胞内分泌细胞 (小颗粒细胞)
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呼吸道上皮内成群的神经内分泌细胞：细胞内含5-羟色胺、蛙皮素、降钙素、脑啡肽等

医学英语呼吸系统ppt课件

最新版整理ppt
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Lower Respiratory Passageways and Lungs
The pharynx conducts air into the trachea, a tube
reinforced with C-shaped rings of cartilage(软骨) to prevent its
The smallest of the conducting tubes, the bronchioles( 细支气管), carry air into the microscopic air sacs, the aveoli(肺泡), whrough which gases are exchanged between the lungs and the blood.
Medical Terminology（3）
The Respiratory System 呼吸系统
刘帅
研究生英语教研室（综合楼110）
最新版整理ppt
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Introduction of the Respiratory system
The main function of the respiratory system is to provide oxygen to body cells for energy metabolism and to eliminate carbon dioxide, a byproduct of metabolism. Because these gases must be carried to and from the cells in the blood, the respiratory system works closely with the cardiovascular system to accomplish gas exchange.

呼吸系统组织结构(英文版)课件

• Small granule cell (neuroendocrine cell)
-EM: dense-core granules -Function: secret hormones to regulate contract of SM and secretion of gland
i. 5-hydroxytryptamine(serotonin) ii. Calcitonin
respiratory region
LP: vascular network
Olfactory cells
Ep: olfactory epi. Supporting cells
olfactory region
Basal cells
LP: serous gland (Bowman gland, olfactory gland)
Epithelium
Figure 17-6: Ciliated respiratory epithelium
ciliated cell
• with cilia
• To provide a sweeping motion from the farthest reaches towards larynx
→terminal bronchioles
• Function:
inspire air (cleaned, moistened,
warmed)
Respiratory portion respiratory bronchioles
→alveolar duct →alveolar sac → alveoli
1.Nasal cavity (study by yourself)
vestibular region

respiratory failure——呼吸系统课件PPT

restrict distension of chest wall
● Decreased compliance of lung
Severe pulmonary fibrosis, decreased alveolar surfactant, pulmonary edema and consolidation, atelectasis
Respiratory Failure
黄莺上海交通大学医学院病理生理学教研室
E-mail: huangying@
Tel: 13671528600
Respiration Process
External Respiration
Gas Transport
Internal Respiration
Cause of：airway obstruction, neuromuscular disease.
Classification
■ According to pathogenic mechanism
● Ventilation disorders ● Gas exchange disorders
■ According to duration
disorder
RF restrictive hypoventilation
Chest wall movement↓
alveolar
distensibility ↓
● Decreased pliance of chest wall
Severe thoracic deformity, fibrosis of pleura, fracture of multiple ribs…
● Dysfunction of respiratory muscles

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average adult lung.
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The lungs take in oxygen, which all cells throughout the body need to live and carry out their normal functions. The lungs also get rid of carbon dioxide, a waste product of the body's cells. The lungs are a pair of cone-shaped organs made up of spongy, pinkish-gray tissue. They take up most of the space in the chest, or the thorax (the part of the body between the base of the neck and diaphragm). The lungs are separated from each other by the mediastinum, an area that contains the following: heart and its large vessels trachea (windpipe) esophagus thymus lymph nodes The right lung has three sections, called lobes. The left lung has two lobes.
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The respiratory system can be divided into two parts: The upper respiratory tracts:mouth, nose & nasal cavity,pharynx and larynx The lower respiratory tracts:trachea,bronchi,bronchioles,alveoli,diaphragm
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The Upper Respiratory Tracts
Mouth, nose & nasal cavity: The function of this part of the system is to warm, filter and moisten the incoming air.
Pharynx: Here the throat divides into the trachea (wind pipe) and esophagus (food pipe). There is also a small flap of cartilage called the epiglottis which prevents food from entering the trachea.
Bronchi The trachea divides into two tubes called bronchi, one entering the left and one entering the right lung. Bronchi branch into smaller and smaller tubes known as bronchioles. Bronchioles terminate in grape-like sac clusters known as alveoli. Alveoli are surrounded by a network of thin-walled capillaries.
Larynx: This is also known as the voice box as it is where sound is generated.It contains the vocal cords. It also helps protect the trachea by producing a strong cough reflex if any solid objects pass the epiglottis.
Alveoli: Individual hollow cavities contained within alveolar sacs (or ducts).
Alveoli have very thin walls which permit the exchange of gases oxygen and
carbon dioxide. They are surrounded by a network of capillaries, into which the
inspired gases pass. There are approximately 3 million alveoli within an
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The Lower Respiratory Tracts Trachea Muscular cartilaginous tract that is a continuation of the larynx; it divides into two main bronchi, each of which ends in a lung, and allows air to pass. The inner membrane of the trachea is covered in tiny hairs called cilia, which catch particles of dust which we can then remove through coughing.
and lungs
Function Transports air into the lungs and facilitates the diffusion of oxygen into the blood stream. It also receives waste carbon dioxide from the blood and exhaletiary bronchi continue to divide and become bronchioles, very narrow tubes. There is no cartilage within the bronchioles and they lead to alveolar sacs.