高中英语基本构词法及练习题

英语构词法中的派生法

派生法：在词根加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义

相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。

一、前缀前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性（除少数前缀外）；

后缀一般改变词类，而不引起词义的变化。

(1) 表示否定意义的前缀常用的有： dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-,

mis-, non-, un- 。

disable disadvantage disagree

disappear

disapprove disclose discolour

disconnect

discontinuous discontinue discount

discourage

disorder

illegal impossible inaccurate inactive inadaptable inapplicable inconstant inconvenient incredible incurable

independent ineffective informal

invisible irregular irremovable irrespective irresponsible

misfortune misguide midinterpret mislead

misread mistrust misunderstand misuse

nonmetal noncooperation noninvolvement

unable unacceptable unaware

unbalance

unbreakable uncertain unchangeable

uncomfortable undecided unemployed

undetermined undeveloped unearth

uneconomical

unfold unpack untie

(2) 表示其他意义的前缀常用的有：

a.前缀 anti

anti-fascist anti-gas anti-imperialist anti-Japanese War

b.前缀 auto

autobiography autography

c.前缀 bi-

bicentury bilingual

d.前缀 co

co-operation coauthor coheir

e.前缀de

deform degrade devalue

f.前缀 en- em

enable encourage endanger

enlarge enrich embitter

g. 前缀 ex

ex-soldier ex-girlfriend ex-wife

h.前缀 mid-

midday midnight midterm mid-aged

i.前缀 multi-

multiform multilingual multimedia multipurpose

j. 21. 前缀 over-

overcrowded overwork overload overproduce

overlook overcome

k. 22.前缀 pre-

prewar prehistoric prepay precondition

l.前缀 re-

rewrite review recycle

m.前缀 vice-

vice-chairman vice-governor vice-premier vice-president

二、后缀后缀通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性；少

数后缀还会改变词义，变为与原来词义相反的新词。

(1)构成名词的后缀常用的有：

a、后缀 -age，构成抽象名词

marriage percentage shortage storage

b.后缀 al- 构成抽象名词

arrival refusal approval survival

proposal removal

c.后缀–an ， -ian “人”从事……职业者”，构成名词。

Italian librarian magician vegetarian musician politician technician

d.后缀 -ance，-ence，构成名词.

appearance allowance existence presence

performance ignorance influence intelligence evidence diligence guidance

preference significance

e.后缀 -dom 构成名词

kingdom freedom

f、后缀 -ee， -eer， -er，-or，构成表人的名词

beginner competitor conductor director

employee

engineer examinee interviewee

tailor volunteer

g.后缀 -ess 构成表“雌性”的名词

actress goddess hostess waitress

h、后缀 -ful 构成表“容量单位”名词

a basketful of a handful of mouthful spoonful

i.后缀 -ics 构成学科名词：

gymnastics physics politics mathematics

j、后缀 -ism ，构成名词

Buddhism extremism imperialism terrorism

patriotism socialism tourism

k、后缀-ist 构成名词。

bioiogist chemist economist specialist extremist geologist physicist

l. 后缀 -ment 构成抽象名词

advertisement agreement amusement appointment argument

arrangement development embarrassment equipment

establishment improvement judgment requirement treatment

m.后缀 -ness 构成抽象名词：

coolness correctness dampness

m. 后缀 -sion 构成抽象名词：

aggression comparison conclusion expression invasion

permission tension

n. 后缀 -th 构成抽象名词

birth depth length strength warmth width youth