美国文学复习提纲

第一部分殖民时期

一、时期综述（关于清教的应该都是重点）

1、清教徒采用的文学体裁：A、narratives 日记B、journals 游记

2、清教徒在美国的写作内容：①their voyage to the new land ②adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops

③about dealing with Indians ④guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit

★3、清教徒的想法：①Puritans want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices.净化信仰和行为方式②wish to restore simplicity to church services and the authority of the Bible to theology.重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位③look upon themselves as a chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing God’s will and is not to be accepted.认为自己是上帝选民，对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝。④Puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated.反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步。⑤religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God.强调上帝严厉的一面，忽视上帝仁慈的一面。

4、典型的清教徒：John Cotton and Roger Williams

他们的不同：John Cotton was much more concerned with authority than with democracy.

Williams begins the history of religious toleration in America.

5、Williams的宗教观点：Toleration did not stem from a lack of religious

convictions. Instead, it sprang from the idea that simply to be virtuous in conduct and devout in belief did not give anyone the right to force belief on others. He also felt that no political order or church system could identify itself directly with God.

行为上的德，信仰上的诚，并没有给任何人强迫别人该如何行事的权利。没有任何政治秩序和教会体制能够直接体现神本身的意旨。

6、英国最早移民到美国的诗人：Anne Bradstreet

7、在殖民时期最好的清教徒诗人：the best of Puritan poets is Edward Taylor.

第二部分理性和革命时期

一、时期综述

1、美国的性质：The war for Independence ended in the formation of a Federative bourgeois democratic republic – the

United States of America.联邦的资产阶级民主共和国——美利坚合众国。

二、代表作家：

1、Benjamin Franklin 本杰明.弗兰克林

①代表作：“Poor Richard’s Almanac”穷人理查德的年鉴annual collection of proverbs 流行谚语集

It soon became the most popular book of its kind, largely because of Franklin’s shrewd humor, and first

spread his reputation. 机智、幽默、风趣成为最畅销的书籍，弗兰克林的成名作。

②Found the Junto, a club for informal discussion of scientific, economic and political ideas.

建立了一个秘密俱乐部，讨论的主题是政治、经济和科学等时事方面的问题。

③established America’s first circulating library, founded the college —University of Pennsylvania.

建立了美国第一个可租借的图书馆，还创办了一所大学—就是现在的宾夕法尼亚大学。

④first applied the terms “positive” and “negative” to electrical charges.

在电子运动中，首次使用了电流中的“正电”和“负电”的专业术语。

⑤As a representative of the Colonies, he tried in vain to counsel the

British toward policies that would let America grow and flourish in association with England. He conducted the difficult negotiations with France that brought financial and military support for

America in the war. 作为殖民地的代表，他不断建议英国改变政策，使美国可以和英国一起发展、繁荣。他说服法国支持美国的独立战争。