英语词汇学复习

缩略词是字母挨个发音的词。象是 A.D。（anno domini）b.c.和 c.o.d（delivery）货到付款，字母被句点分开，但是大多数没有句点在字母之间。

1.字母代表所有词。

美国之音

英国广播公司

转交

明信片

不明飞行物

2.字母代表复合词或者只是一个词的几部分的成分。

电视身份证

肺结核

总部

Tuberculosis 肺结核

Headquarter 总部

Rang

Appoint指定

Voluntary义务的

Emergency紧急情况

Treaty条约

Immune免疫的

Syndrome 综合征

Symbolic象征性的

Instruction指示

Racial种族的

Equality平等

Lightwave光波

Amplification扩张

Stimulate刺激

Emission排放物

Decimalization十进制

Justify证明

Remain残余物

Contemporary同代的人

Constituent成分

Period句点

4.6.2Acronyms首字母缩写词

首字母缩写词是从首字母构成，但是发音是正常词，例如“雷达”（无线电探测和响铃）“义务女工”“艾滋病”（免疫匮乏综合征）“basic”（初学者多功能象征性指示码）“种族平等进程”“通过刺激辐射物排放导致的光波扩张”（激光）“英语教学”

一些首字母缩写词是由第一词的首字母加上第二个整词构成，例如

“核弹”

“防御提示”

“公务员”

“十进制的日子”

“胜利日”

两种首字母缩写词在第二次世界大战以来已经变得非常流行并且因此极具活力。这在

etcrowley的缩写词字典中搜集的那样词的数量来证明。在1961年出现的第一版包含了12000 词条；第二版在1965 年出版，罗列了45000 词条，1970 年出版的第三版搜集了80000 词条，

几乎是第二版的2倍。随着时间的推移，一些词可能不再使用，然而更多的词将出现。缩写

词将对同期的英语词汇产生重要的作用。

4.7 逆构法逆构法被认为是后缀法的相反过程。如我们所知，后缀法是通过加后缀到基础的构词方式，

逆构法因此就是通过消除假想的后缀的方法来构词的方式。这是因为许多被移除的后缀不是真正的后缀，而是单词不能分隔的一部分。例如，通常的做法是加er or ar到基础上来构成人类名词。合理的，人们通过剪掉结尾构词象是editor 中的or，butler 中的er。这就是我们

如何您能够派生edit和butle的原因。逆构法通常牵涉下面几种类型词。

1.抽象名词

“诊断”

“捐赠”

“热心”

“过火”

2.人类名词

“面包”

“雕刻”

“偷窃”

“乞讨”

3.复合名词和其他

偷听

结婚

看护

4.形容词

1. Word --- A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic funtion.

2. Morpheme --- A morpheme is the minimal significant element in the composition of words.

3. Free morphemes or Content morphemes (Free root) --- They are morphemes that may constitute words by themselves : cat, walk.

4. Bound Morphemes or Grammatical morphemes --- They are morphemes that must appear with at least one other morpheme, either bound or free : Catts, walk+ing.

5. Bound root --- A bound root is that part of the word that carries the fundamental meaning just like a free root. Unlike a free root, it is a bound form and has to combine with other morphemes to make words. Take -dict- for example: it conveys the meaning of "say or speak" as a Latin root, but not as a word. With the prefix pre-(=before) we obtain the verb predict meaning "tell beforehand".

6. Affixes --- Affixes are forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or funtion.

7. Inflectional morphemes or Inflectional affixes --- Affixes attaches to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are inflectional ,thus known as inflectional morphemes. There is the regular plural suffix -s(-es) which is added to nouns such as machines, desks.

8. Derivational morphemes or Derivational affixes --- Derivational affixes are affixes added to other morphemes to create new words.

9. Prefixes --- Prefixes are affixes that come before the word, such as, pre+war.

10. Suffixes --- suffixes are affixes that come after the word, for instance, blood+y.

Derivational morphemes/ derivational affixes --- A process of forming new words by the addition of a word element. Such as prefix, suffix, combing form to an already existing word.

Prefixation ---- is the formation of new words by adding prefix or combing form to the base. (It modify the lexical meaning of the base)

Suffixation--- is the formation of a new word by adding a suffix or combing form to the base and usually changing the word-class of the base. Such as boy. Boyish (noun- adjective)