国际经济学试题答案

《国际经济学》选择题汇总版（附答案）
Ch1-Ch3
1.The United States is less dependent on trade than most ot her countries because
A) the United States is a relatively large country with di verse resources.
B) the United States is a “Superpower.”
C)the military power of the United States makes it less dep endent on anything.
D) the United States invests in many other countries.
E) many countries invest in the United States.
2. Because the Constitution forbids restraints on interstate trade,
A) the U.S. may not impose tariffs on imports from NAFTA c ountries.
B) the U.S. may not affect the international value of the $ U.S.
C) the U.S. may not put restraints on foreign investments i n California if it involves a financial intermediary in New York State.
D) the U.S. may not impose export duties.
E) the U.S. may not disrupt commerce between Florida and H awaii.
3. International economics can be divided into two broad sub -fields
A) macro and micro.
B) developed and less developed.
C) monetary and barter.
D) international trade and international money.
E) static and dynamic.
4. International monetary analysis focuses on
A) the real side of the international economy.
B) the international trade side of the international economy.
C) the international investment side of the international eco nomy.
D) the issues of international cooperation between Central Ba nks.
E) the monetary side of the international economy, such as
currency exchange.
5. The gravity model offers a logical explanation for the f act that
A)trade between Asia and the U.S. has grown faster than NAF TA trade.
B) trade in services has grown faster than trade in goods.
C) trade in manufactures has grown faster than in agricultur al products.
D) Intra-European Union trade exceeds international trade by
the European Union.
E) the U.S. trades more with Western Europe than it does w ith Canada.
6. The gravity model explains why
A)trade between Sweden and Germany exceeds that between Swed en and Spain.
B)countries with oil reserves tend to export oil.
C)capital rich countries export capital intensive products.
D) intra-industry trade is relatively more important than oth er forms of trade between neighboring
countries.
E) European countries rely most often on natural resources.
7. Why does the gravity model work?
A) Large economies became large because they were engaged in international trade.
B) Large economies have relatively large incomes, and hence spend more on government promotion of trade and investment.
C) Large economies have relatively larger areas which raises the probability that a productive activity will take place within the borders of that country.
D) Large economies tend to have large incomes and tend to
spend more on imports.
E) Large economies tend to avoid trading with small economie s.
8. We see that the Netherlands, Belgium, and Ireland trade considerably more with the United States than with many othe r countries.
A) This is explained by the gravity model, since these are
all large countries.
B) This is explained by the gravity model, since these are all small countries.
C) This fails to be consistent with the gravity model, sin ce these are small countries.
D)This fails to be consistent with the gravity model, since these are large countries.
E)This is explained by the gravity model, since they do not share borders.
9. In the present, most of the exports from China are
A) manufactured goods.
B) services.
C)primary products including agricultural.
D) technology intensive products.
E) overpriced by world market standards.
10. A country engaging in trade according to the principles of comparative advantage gains from trade because it
A) is producing exports indirectly more efficiently than it could alternatively.
B) is producing imports indirectly more efficiently than it
could domestically.
C) is producing exports using fewer labor units.
D) is producing imports indirectly using fewer labor units.
E) is producing exports while outsourcing services.
11. The Ricardian model attributes the gains from trade asso ciated with the principle of comparative advantage result to
A) differences in technology.
B) differences in preferences.
C)differences in labor productivity.
D) differences in resources.
E) gravity relationships among countries.
12. A nation engaging in trade according to the Ricardian m odel will find its consumption bundle
A) inside its production possibilities frontier.
B)on its production possibilities frontier.
C)outside its production possibilities frontier.
D) inside its trade-partner's production possibilities frontier .
E)on its trade-partner's production possibilities frontier.
13. Assume that labor is the only factor of production and that wages in the United States equal $20 per hour while wages in Japan are $10 per hour. Production costs would b e lower in the United States as compared to Japan if
A) U.S. labor productivity equaled 40 units per hour and J apan's 15 units per hour.
B) U.S. labor productivity equaled 30 units per hour and Ja pan's 20 units per hour.
C) U.S. labor productivity equaled 20 units per hour and Ja pan's 30 units per hour.
D) U.S. labor productivity equaled 15 units per hour and Ja pan's 25 units per hour.
E) U.S. labor productivity equaled 15 units per hour and Ja pan's 40 units per hour.
14. In a two-country, two-product world, the statement “Germ any enjoys a comparative advantage over France in autos rela tive to ships”is equivalent to
A) France having a comparative advantage over Germany in sh ips.
B) France having a comparative disadvantage compared to Germa ny in autos and ships.
C) Germany having a comparative advantage over France in aut os and ships.
D) France having no comparative advantage over Germany.
E) France should produce autos.
15. If the United States' production possibility frontier was flatter to the widget axis, whereas Germany's was flatter to the butter axis, we know that
A) the United States has no comparative advantage
B) Germany has a comparative advantage in butter.
C) the U.S. has a comparative advantage in butter.
D) Germany has comparative advantages in both products.
E) the U.S. has a comparative disadvantage in widgets.
Ch4-Ch5
1.The Ricardian model of international trade demonstrates that trade can be mutually beneficial. Why, then, do governments restrict imports of some goods?
A)Trade can have substantial effects on a country's distribu
tion of income.
B) The Ricardian model is often incorrect in its prediction that trade can be mutually beneficial.
C) Import restrictions are the result of trade wars between hostile countries.
D) Imports are only restricted when foreign-made goods do no t meet domestic standards of qualityE) Restrictions on import s are intended to benefit domestic consumers.
2. Japan's trade policies with regard to rice reflect the f act that
A) japanese rice farmers have significant political power.
B) Japan has a comparative advantage in rice production and therefore exports most of its rice crop.
C) there would be no gains from trade available to Japan i f it engaged in free trade in rice.
D) there are gains from trade that Japan captures by engagi ng in free trade in rice.
E) Japan imports most of the rice consumed in the country.
3. In the specific factors model, which of the following is treated as a specific factor?
A)Labor
B) Land
C) Cloth
D) Food
E) Technology
4. The specific factors model assumes that there are _______ _ goods and ________ factor(s) of production.
A) two; three
B) two; two
C) two; one
D) three; two
E) four; three
5. The slope of a country's production possibility frontier with cloth measured on the
horizontal and food measured on the vertical axis in the sp ecific factors model is equal to ________ and it ________ a s more cloth is produced.
A) -MPLF/MPLC; becomes steeper
B) -MPLF/MPLC; becomes flatter
C) -MPLF/MPLC; is constant
D) -MPLC/MPLF; becomes steeper
E) -MPLC/MPLF; is constant
6. Under perfect competition, the equilibrium price of labor used to produce cloth will be equal to
A)the slope of the production possibility frontier.
B) the average product of labor in the production of cloth times the price of cloth.
C) the ratio of the marginal product of labor in the produ ction of cloth to the marginal product of labor in the pro duction of food times the ratio of the price of cloth. to the price of food.
D) the marginal product of labor in the production of clot h times the price of cloth.
E) the price of cloth divided by the marginal product of l abor in the production of cloth.
7. In the specific factors model, which of the following wi ll increase the quantity of labor used in cloth production?
A)an increase in the price of cloth relative to that of f ood
B) an increase in the price of food relative to that of c loth
C) a decrease in the price of labor
D) an equal percentage decrease in the price of food and c loth
E) an equal percentage increase in the price of food and c loth
8. A country that does not engage in trade can benefit fro m trade only if
A)it has an absolute advantage in at least one good.
B) it employs a unique technology.
C) pre-trade and free-trade relative prices are not identica l.
D) its wage rate is below the world average.
E) pre-trade and free-trade relative prices are identical.
9. In the specific factors model, the effects of trade on welfare are ________ for mobile factors, ________ for fixed factors used to produce the exported good, and ________ for fixed factors used to produce the imported good.
A)ambiguous; positive; negative
B) ambiguous; negative; positive
C) positive; ambiguous; ambiguous
D) negative; ambiguous; ambiguous
E) positive; positive; positive
10.The effect of trade on specialized employees of import-com peting industries will be ________ jobs and ________ pay bec ause they are relatively ________.
A)fewer; lower; mobile
B) fewer; lower; immobile
C) more; lower; immobile
D) more; higher; mobile
E) more; higher; immobile
11. There is a bias in the political process against free trade because
A)there is a high correlation between the volume of imports and the unemployment rate.
B) the gains from free trade cannot be measured.
C) those who gain from free trade can't compensate those wh o lose.
D) foreign governments make large donations to U.S. political campaigns.
E) those who lose from free trade are better organized tha n those who gain.
12.In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, the two co untries differ in
A)tastes and preferences.
B) military capabilities.
C) the size of their economies.
D) relative abundance of factors of production.
E) labor productivities.
13. If a country produces good Y (measured on the vertical axis) and good X (measured on the horizontal axis), then the absolute value of the slope of its production possibilit y frontier is equal to
A)the opportunity cost of good X.
B) the price of good X divided by the price of good Y.
C) the price of good X divided by the price of good Y.
D) the opportunity cost of good Y.
E) the cost of capital (assuming that good Y is capital in tensive) divided by the cost of labor.
14. In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, trade wil l ________ the owners of a country's ________ factor and wi ll ________ the good that uses that factor intensively.
A)benefit; abundant; export
B)harm; abundant; import
C) benefit; scarce; export
D) benefit; scarce; import
E) harm; scarce; export
15. The assumption of diminishing returns in the Heckscher-Oh lin model means that, unlike in the Ricardian model, it is likely that
A) countries will consume outside their production possibility frontier.
B) countries will benefit from free international trade.
C) countries will not be fully specialized in one product.
D) comparative advantage will not determine the direction of trade.
E) global production will decrease under trade.
16.If Japan is relatively capital rich and the United States is relatively land rich, and if food is relatively land i ntensive then trade between these two, formerly autarkic coun tries will result in
A)an increase in the relative price of food in the U.S.
B) an increase in the relative price of food in Japan.
C) a global increase in the relative price of food.
D) a decrease in the relative price of food in both countr ies.
E) an increase in the relative price of food in both count ries.
17. Starting from an autarky (no-trade) situation with Hecksc her-Ohlin model, if Country H is relatively labor abundant, then once trade begins
A) rent will be unchanged but wages will rise in H.
B) wages and rents should rise in H.
C) wages and rents should fall in H.
D) wages should fall and rents should rise in H.
E) wages should rise and rents should fall in H.
18.The Leontieff Paradox
A) failed to support the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin mo del.
B) supported the validity of the Ricardian theory of compara tive advantage.
C) supported the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin model.
D) failed to support the validity of the Ricardian theory.
E) proved that the U.S. economy is different from all other s.
19. Which of the following is an assertion of the Heckscher -Ohlin model?
A) Factor price equalization will occur only if there is co stless mobility of all factors across borders.
B) An increase in a country's labor supply will increase pr oduction of both the capital-intensive and the labor-intensive good.
C) In the long-run, labor is mobile and capital is not.
D) The wage-rental ratio determines the capital-labor ratio in a country's industries.
E) Factor endowments determine the technology that is availab le to a country, which determines the good in which the co untry will have a comparative advantage.
20. Which of the following is an assertion of the Heckscher -Ohlin model?
A) An increase in a country's labor supply will increase p roduction of the labor-intensive good and decrease production of the capital-intensive good.
B) An increase in a country's labor supply will increase pr oduction of both the capital-intensive and the labor-intensive good.
C) In the long-run, labor is mobile and capital is not.
D) Factor price equalization will occur only if there is co stless mobility of all factors across borders.
E) Factor endowments determine the technology that is availab le to a country, which determines the good in which the co untry will have a comparative advantage.
Ch6-Ch10
1.If the ratio of price of cloth (PC) divided by the price
of food (PF) increases in the international marketplace, th en
A) the terms of trade of cloth exporters will improve.
B) all countries would be better off.
C) the terms of trade of food exporters will improve.
D) the terms of trade of all countries will improve.
E) the terms of trade of cloth exporters will worsen.
2.If the ratio of price of cloth (PC) divided by the price of food (PF) increases in the international marketplace, th en
A) world relative quantity of cloth supplied will increase.
B) world relative quantity of cloth supplied and demanded wi ll increase.
C) world relative quantity of cloth supplied and demanded wi ll decrease.
D) world relative quantity of cloth demanded will decrease.
E) world relative quantity of food will increase.
3.If the U.S. (a large country) imposes a tariff on its im ported good, this will tend to
A) have no effect on terms of trade.
B) improve the terms of trade of the United States.
C) improve the terms of trade of all countries.
D) because a deterioration of U.S. terms of trade.
E) raise the world price of the good imported by the Unite d States.
4.If Slovenia were a large country in world trade, then if it instituted a large set of subsidies for its exports, t his must
A) decrease its marginal propensity to consume.
B) have no effect on its terms of trade.
C) improve its terms of trade.
D) harm its terms of trade.
E) harm world terms of trade.
5.Internal economies of scale arise when the cost per unit
A) falls as the average firm grows larger.
B) rises as the industry grows larger.
C) falls as the industry grows larger.
D) rises as the average firm grows larger.
E) remains constant over a broad range of output.
6. External economies of scale will ________ average cost wh en output is ________ by _______.
A) reduce; increased; the industry
B) reduce; increased; a firm
C) increase; increased; a firm
D) increase; increased; the industry
E) reduce; reduce; the industry
7. If some industries exhibit internal increasing returns to scale in each country, we should not expect to see
A) perfect competition in these industries.
B) intra-industry trade between countries.
C) inter-industry trade between countries.
D) high levels of specialization in both countries.
E) increased productivity in both countries.
8. A learning curve relates ________ to ________ and is a case of ________ returns.
A) unit cost; cumulative production; dynamic decreasing return s
B) output per time period; long-run marginal cost; dynamic i ncreasing returns
C) unit cost; cumulative production; dynamic increasing retur ns
D) output per time period; long-run marginal cost; dynamic d ecreasing returns
E) labor productivity; education; increasing marginal returns
9.Patterns of interregional trade are primarily determined by ________ rather than ________ because factors of production are generally ________.
A) external economies; natural resources; mobile
B) internal economies; external economies; mobile
C) external economies; population; immobile
D) internal economies; population; immobile
E) population; external economies; immobile
10. Monopolistic competition is associated with
A) product differentiation.
B) price-taking behavior.
C) explicit consideration at the firm level of the strategic
impact of other firms' pricing decisions. D) high profit margins in the long run.
E) increasing returns to scale.
11. A firm in long-run equilibrium under monopolistic competi tion will earn
A) positive monopoly profits because each sells a differentia ted product.
B) zero economic profits because of free entry
C) positive oligopoly profits because each firm sells a diff erentiated product.
D) negative economic profits because it has economies of sca le.
E) positive economic profit if it engages in international t rade.
12. The most common form of price discrimination in internat ional trade is
A) dumping.
B) non-tariff barriers.
C) Voluntary Export Restraints.
D) preferential trade arrangements.
E) product boycotts.
13.Consider the following two cases. In the first, a U.S. f irm purchases 18% of a foreign firm. In the second, a U.S. firm builds a new production facility in a foreign country . Both are ________, with the first referred to as ________ and the second as ________.
A) foreign direct investment (FDI) outflows; brownfield; gree nfield
B) foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows; greenfield; brownf ield
C) foreign direct investment (FDI) outflows; greenfield; brown field
D) foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows; brownfield; greenf ield
E) foreign direct investment (FDI); inflows; outflows
14. Specific tariffs are
A) import taxes stated in specific legal statutes.
B) import taxes calculated as a fixed charge for each unit
of imported goods.
C) import taxes calculated as a fraction of the value of t
he imported goods.
D) the same as import quotas.
E) import taxes calculated based solely on the origin countr y.
15. A problem encountered when implementing an "infant indust ry" tariff is that
A) domestic consumers will purchase the foreign good regardle ss of the tariff.
B) the industry may never "mature."
C) most industries require tariff protection when they are m ature.
D) the tariff may hurt the industry's domestic sales.
E) the tariffs fail to protect the domestic producers.
16. In the country levying the tariff, the tariff will
A) increase both consumer and producer surplus.
B) decrease both the consumer and producer surplus.
C) decrease consumer surplus and increase producer surplus.
D) increase consumer surplus and decrease producer surplus.
E) decrease consumer surplus but leave producers surplus unch anged.
17. If the tariff on computers is not changed, but domestic computer producers shift from domestically produced semicondu ctors to imported components, then the effective rate of pro tection in the computer industry will
A) increase.
B) decrease
C) remain the same.
D) depend on whether computers are PCs or "Supercomputers."
E) no longer apply.
18. When a government allows raw materials and other interme diate products to enter a country duty free, this generally results in a(an)
A) effective tariff rate less than the nominal tariff rate.
B) nominal tariff rate less than the effective tariff rate.
C) rise in both nominal and effective tariff rates.
D) fall in both nominal and effective tariff rates. E) ri se in only the effective tariff rate.
19. Should the home country be "large" relative to its trad
e partners, its imposition o
f a tariff on imports would lea d to an increase in domestic welfare if the terms of the trade rectangle exceed the sum of the
A) revenue effect plus redistribution effect.
B) protective effect plus revenue effect.
C) consumption effect plus redistribution effect.
D) production distortion effect plus consumption distortion e ffect.
E) terms of trade gain.
20. The efficiency case made for free trade is that as tra de distortions such as tariffs are dismantledand removed,
A) government tariff revenue will decrease, and therefore nat ional economic welfare will decreaseB) government tariff reven ue will decrease, and therefore national economic welfare wil l increase.
C) deadweight losses for producers and consumers will decrea se, hence increasing national economic welfare.
D) deadweight losses for producers and consumers will decreas e, hence decreasing national economic welfare.
E) government tariff revenue will increase, hence increasing national economic welfare.
21. Which organization determines procedures for the settlemen t of international trade disputes?
A) World Bank
B) World Trade Organization
C) International Monetary Organization
D) International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
E) The League of Nations
22. Today U.S. protectionism is concentrated in
A) high-tech industries.
B) labor-intensive industries.
C) industries in which Japan has a comparative advantage.
D) computer intensive industries.
E) capital-intensive industries.
23. The quantitative importance of U.S. protection of the do mestic clothing industry is best explained by the fact that
A) this industry is an important employer of highly skilled labor.
B) this industry is an important employer of low skilled la bor.
C) most of the exporters of clothing into the U.S. are poo r countries.
D) this industry is a politically well organized sector in
the U.S.
E) the technology involved is very advanced.
24. The optimum tariff is most likely to apply to
A) a small tariff imposed by a small country.
B) a small tariff imposed by a large country.
C) a large tariff imposed by a small country.
D) a large tariff imposed by a large country.
E) an ad valorem tariff on a small country.
25. The median voter model
A) works well in the area of trade policy.
B) is not intuitively reasonable.
C) tends to result in biased tariff rates.
D) does not work well in the area of trade policy.
E) is not widely practiced in the United States.。