浅谈小学英语测试命题技术

试题命制的基本原则

试题命制的基本程序 试题命制的基本要求

试题命制的基本程序
1．确定全卷的难度和考点
2．根据考点编写确定题干和选项
3．写选项（以受试者环绕本题的考
点可能会产生的反应为依据）
4．修整题干和选项（简洁、排列）
5．调整全卷的难度和答案的分布
Elements of multiple choice
答案的唯一
Do you have ________water? Yes, I do. A. some B. any C. a -- Do you have ________water? -- Yes, I do. A. some/any B. little C. few
干扰项的命制（MC）

选择项不能互相牵连、覆盖
在编写试题时，除了避免试题本身 泄露答案以外，还应注意一套试题 中前后是否泄露前后题答案之处

避免暗示或错误答案
1.The car is _____ than that one. A. big B. more big C. biger D. bigger 2.They are ______ the floor. A. sweep B. sweeping C. sweeps D. sweepping
选项要简洁
Where is Ann going?
A. She is going to the zoo. B. She is going to the park. C. She is going to the museum.
Listening
试题命制的基本要求
1．语言正确、地道、得体、简洁 语言测试以何为纲？
相关、互相干扰的考点

每题无论是一个或几个考点，但考点必须明确
Lucy ___ to school by bus. ____mother goes to work on foot. A. goes, His B. goes, Her C. is going, She

Lucy goes to school by bus，and ___ mother goes to work on foot. A. his B. her C. their
4.整合试卷
(1)全面评价构想效度 (2)局部调整 (3)做题思路检验(试做试题) (4)发现问题 (5)局部改写 (6)局部更换(在成稿后，此步往往被忽略) (7)完成试卷 (8)制备附件(录音稿，答案)
5. 细化赋分系统




(1)总分 (2)大题分值及整体权重 (3)小题分值 (4)高分值的细分 (5)不可细分的高分值限度(如写话总分的 控制) (6)最小分值(避免0.5分) (7)细化赋分与试题总量的关系
1．编制测试蓝图
A.试卷结构 (Test Structure) (1)试题数量Number of parts and tasks (2)试题重点Salience of parts and tasks (3)试题顺序 Sequence of parts and tasks (4)试题之间的相关性 Relative importance of parts and tasks (5)试题中小题的数量 Number of tasks per part （6）试卷形式The format of the test （7）页码数量The number of pages （8）试卷的大小The size of the test book
3. 编写试题



(1)选择素材(即原始语料) (2)对应题型 (3)改写素材 (4)编写试题 (5)调整难度 (6)修改试题 (7)整体平衡(各大题难度，内容分布等) (8)版式设计(文字，图表，图画，注解) (9)撰写绘图说明或提供草图 (10)校对(含校对图表和图画) (11)定第一稿
situational and meaning. (题干调整)
Look! Nancy is _____ a kite in the park. A. fly B. flies C. flying Look! Nancy _______ a kite in the park. A. fly B. flies C. is flying
Picture 1
What’s the matter with him? His __ hurts. A. arm B. shoulder C. finger
题干中应避免泄露答案

Look! The monkey has a long __________ . A. short B. tail C. leg
情景与语言的得体
周末妈妈要带你去溜冰,在商场买溜
冰鞋时,售货员问你……
A. How big are your feet?
B. How tall are you? C. How big are your hands?
情景与语言的得体
When you are doing shopping for
skating, the sales girl asks：
_________ is it? It’s my mother’s. A. What B. Who C. Whose _________ it? It’s my mother’s. A. What’s B. Who’s C. Whose is
题干中可能重复出现的单词不要出现在选项中
What’s the matter with him? A. His arm hurts B. His shoulder hurts C. His finger hurts

选择项尽可能一致
（长短、结构、类属、难度）
选择项的一致
3. How do Chinese people celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival? A. They have a big dinner with their family, enjoy the moon and the moon cakes and tell the story of Chang’e . B. Give thanks to God. C. People eat turkey and pumpkin pies.
意义（信息），还是形式（语码）？
2．避免由于文化等造成的偏颇性 3．考点明确 4 ．避免出诡题（tricky items） 5 ．避免透露答案线索
避免由于文化等造成的偏颇性
It’s one of the biggest cities in America. A. New York B. Beijing C. Toronto
2.搭建试卷框架



(1)试卷由几个部分( Parts)组成 (2)部分由几个大题(Tasks)组成 (3)大题由几个小题(Items)组成 (4)题型及其测试功能 (5)知识目标分布 (6)技能目标分布 (7)综合应用目标分布
形式指标



1）文本的大小 2）文本成分（如试题，附表，附加题） 3）非文本形式（录音，录像等） 4）版式 5）语言的形式 ---- 书面的测试输入信息 ---- 录音的测试 输入信息 ---- 指导语的语种 ---- 指导语的年龄关 照 ---- 指导语的明确程度 6）图文的配合
浅谈小学英语测试命题技术
房山区教师进修学校小学教研室 陈玉香 2007年3月13日
测试的性质

公平公正


练习题不等于测试题
评价是教学的一个环节


测试题目要有教育意义，但主要是评价意义
评价学生会了什么，能做什么

评价对教学的反拨作用
考察？考查？
The three periods
测试的三个阶段
Design 2．编制阶段 Operationalization 3． 执行（实施）阶段 Administration
Listen and choose（根据录音选择正确答案，读三遍） 1. After you play some sport, you feel________. A. thirsty B. hungry C. tired 2. So you want to _______. A. have a meal B. drink some water or juice C. have a rest 选项的牵连、覆盖、穿帮 3. Anything cold is ________for your stomach. A. good B. warm C. bad 4.If you are ill, your parents will ________you. A. worry about B. talk to C. look at 5.If you are ill, you can’t _______________. A or B A. go to school B. play outside C. A and B
1）多项选择题的结构
Stem题干
Look! Nancy is ______________ a kite in the park.
A. fly B. flies C. flying
Options选项 The key答案
2）题干设计
--- 语境设置：图画、图表、语段 --- 要素分析（语言、逻辑、语用） --- 测试点:一题一个 --- 题干调整：简洁，不给暗示
B. 试卷的具体特点Features





目的 Purpose 构想的界定Definition of construction 施测的条件与环境Setting 时间分配Time allotment 指导语Instruction 语言输入的特点Characteristics of Input 预期学生反馈的特点Characteristicsof expected responses 计分方法Scoring method
A. What’s the size of your shoes? B. Where did you get the coat? C. How big are your bags?
考点明确

考点应属于本大题的测试领域
立足于每题只考一个考点，或考能够糅合为一
的多个考点（考点因素），但必须避免牵扯不
编制阶段
Operationalization



Writing the test blueprint编制测试蓝图 Forming the structure of the test确定试卷结构 Designing the tasks 设计大题 Writing the items设计小题 Revising and constructing the whole test整合试卷 Scoring赋分 Editing 编辑、修订
1．设计阶段
The first period: Design 设计阶段
பைடு நூலகம்



What do you want to test? 测量什么？ What are your testing objectives?测试的目的 ? How many items can you involve in the test?你 认为哪些方面是需要测量的？ How do you want to balance your items?你计划 如何分布各个领域的权重？你计划如何赋分？ What is your construct validity?你如何体现你的 构想效度？ What is the impact on your students? How many students are to involve in the test?
Lucy __ to school by bus, but her mother goes to work on foot. A. goes B. go C. is going

考点？
Jack’s uncle is _____astronaut. ____ is 40. A. a, She B. the, She C. an, He We _____ be good to wild animals. We ____ hunt them. A. shouldn’t… should B. should… shouldn’t C. should … should