定语从句1

定语从句

定语从句入门

一.定语:修饰一个名词或代词的词和词语。

a useful map

a 5-year-old boy

a developed country

a book to be published

something important

The man whom we saw just now is our headmaster.

二.用来修饰主句中某一名词或代词,或修饰整个句子或主句中一部分,而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句(Attributive subordinate clause),又称关系从句(Relative Clause)。

.The boy（who you are talking about）is over there

定语从句的基本概念

1、位置：定语从句一般置于所修饰名词或代词（即先行词) 的后面

2、结构: 关系词+ S +V

3、关系词：定语从句和主句之间有关系词来连接

4. 翻译方法:“….的”

练习: 请找出下列句子中的定语从句。

1.The book that I borrowed from the library is well written.

2.Is she the girl who would like to join the army ?

3.Did you see the young man who was chosen as the leading actor?

4.The worker who repaired our house lives next door to Li Hua’s.

5.The person whom/who you want to see comes.

6. The girl that studies music plays the violin very well.

7.The day which I was looking forward to arrived at last.

8. Is there anything that belongs to you?

9.This is the girl who practices playing the piano every day.

10.The watch which her mother gave to her works very well.

11.This is the shop which keeps open till eleven at night.

你能发现几个关系代词?

关系代词与先行词是什么关系?

关系代词在定语从句中充当什么成分?

三.关系代词的作用

关系代词有三个作用：

一、引导定语从句

二、代替先行词，

三，在定语从句中充当一定的句子成份。

弄清楚关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分，是掌握定语从句的关键。

关系代词的作用

A．who

指人，在定语从句中作主语。

What was the name of the man who lent you the money

借钱给你的那人叫什么名字？（定语从句修饰先行词the man）

He who laughs last laughs best.

谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。（定语从句修饰先行词he）

B．whom

指人，在定语从句中做宾语。在口语或非正式文体中，whom可省略或可用who来代替，但在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中只能用whom。

The people（whom、who ）I work with are all friendly.

和我一起工作的人都很友好。（定语从句修饰先行词the people）

C．whose

通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语，后面要紧跟被修饰的名词。

There are some people whose faces you can never forget.

有些人，他们的脸你永远难以忘怀。（定语从句修饰先行词people）

I saw some trees whose leaves were black because of the polluted air.

我看见一些树的树叶由于空气污染而发黑。（定语从句修饰行词trees）

D．which

1．指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。做宾语时常可省略。

This is a song which is now very popular. 9

这是目前非常流行的一首民谣（which在定语从句中作主语，不能省略）

The children like cookies (which) my wife makes.

孩子们喜欢我夫人做的饼干。(关系代词which作makes的宾语，可以省略)

2．which引导的非限制性定语从句可以修饰前面的整个主句，相当于and this。

Jim passed his driving test, which surprised everybody.

吉姆通过了驾驶考试，这使大家都感到惊讶。（定语从句修饰的是整个主句，而不是the driving test）

Sheila couldn't come to the party, which was a pity.

希拉不能来参加聚会，真遗憾。（定语从句修饰的是整个主句，而不是the party）

3．which在非限制性定语从句中有时也可以作定语。

John stayed here for a week, during which time we visited the West Lake together.

约翰在这里呆了一星期，在此期间我们一起游了西湖。

E．that

指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语（做宾语时常可省略）。He is the man that lives next door.

他就是住在隔壁的那个人。（定语从句修饰先行词the man，作主语）

Is there anything (that) I can do for you