我国利率市场化的现状

一、我国利率市场化的现状

我国推进利率市场化的途径和步骤the means and the steps of China to promote market-oriented interest rate

尽管利率的市场化对我国金融体制的进一步改革和完善势在必行，但在我国的利率市场化进程中，也不能操之过急，必须根据金融市场发展的成熟程度有计划、分步骤地进行。Although the marketization of rates is imperative to further reform and perfect China's financial system. in the process of marketization of interest rates, we can not be too hasty, It must be based on the development of the maturity of the financial markets and shouldbe conducted in a planned and step-by-step manner.

1、改革利率管理体系。一是体现整体水平，国家有所控制，能放能收，执行灵活；二是遵循客观经济规律，能优化资金配置；三是能调动各级银行管理利率的积极性。最终建立起一个“多层次、有差别、敢开放、能控制”的比较科学的利率管理体系。1.Reform of the interest rate management system. First, the overall acheivement should be shown out, the reform should be under the control of our government and be implemented flexibly; Second, the objective economic laws should be followed and funds allocation can be optimized; Third the enthusiasm of the interest rate management should

be mobilized at all levels of the banks. In the end, we can establis a scientific interest rate management system which is characterized by "multi-level, differentiality, daring to open, controlability".

所谓“多层次”，就是要改变一统到底的高度集中统一的利率管理制度，建立一个由各级银行有利率管理权、能适应经济发展需要、有伸缩性的多层次的利率管理体系：The so-called "multi-level" is that the highly dominant and centralized management system of interest rate is ended and the multi-layer flexible interest rate management system which is managed by all levels of the banks and can meet the requirement of economic development should be established in thye end.

中央银行主要管理基准利率、利率极限与往来利率的确定；各商业银行及其分支机构可以在规定的范围内，按照资金供求关系确定融通资金的利率和民间资金自由借贷的利率。It should be consisted of: The limit-setting of the key management benchmark interest rate of the Central Bank and the interest rate and exchange rate; all commercial banks and their branches can define funds interest rate and the freedom of civil lending rate within a given scope according to established terms of the supply-demand relationship of funds .

所谓“有差别”，就是对不同情况的存贷款，实行不同档次的差别利率，包括存贷差别、效益差别、行业差别、时间差别、风险差别等。 "differential" means that the implementation of the different grades and different interest rates should depend on the different situation of deposits and loans. It includes the difference between loan -deposit, difference, efficiency differences, Industrial difference, time differences and differences in risk.

所谓“敢开放”，是指存贷款利率不仅有差别，而且在已确定的差别利率的基础上敢于放开，最大可能地实现利率的市场化。"dare to open" means ,apart from difference of deposit and loan interest rates,we should dare to open and marketize the rates to the greatest degree on the basis of having identified the difference in interest rates.

所谓“能控制”，是指利率在各个层次都实行差别利率并敢于放开的同时，中央银行能把握住利率变化规律，对利率发展的趋势实行有效控制。The so-called " controlability" means all levels of interest rates are implemented in the interest rate differential and the courage to open up at the same time, the central bank can hold the laws of the interest rate changes and control the development trend of interest rates effectively.

2、实施分步推进策略。2, implement the strategy of step-by-step.

就利率管理体制而言，可以分三步走：On the management system of interest rate, we can advance through three steps:

第一步，在调整银行利率水平和利率结构的同时，建立中央银行再贷款利率为基准的利率体系，调高中央银行再贷款利率，使其高于商业银行吸收存款的平均成本。这一步已经有所体现，但仍要完善提高。The first step,when the bank interest rates and the interest rate structure are being adjusted , the