康明斯柴油发动机排气冒黑烟的故障原因

排气中的黑烟主要是燃料不完全燃烧的碳粒。因此，燃油供给系统燃料的过量供给，进气系统空气量减少，缸体、缸盖与活塞构成的燃烧室的密封性差，喷油器喷射质量差等因素都会使燃料燃烧不完全，从而使排气冒黑烟。排气冒黑烟主要有以下原因：

1．高压油泵供油量过大或各缸供油量不均匀

2．气门密封不严，造成漏气，气缸压缩压力低

3．空气滤清器进气道阻塞、进气阻力大，使进气量不足

4．缸套、活塞、活塞环严重磨损

5．喷油器工作不良

6．发动机超负荷运转

7．喷油泵供油提前角过小，燃烧过程后移到排气过程进行

8．汽油电喷系统控制失效故障等

对于冒黑烟的发动机可通过高压油泵调校，喷油器喷射试验检查，气缸压缩压力测量，进气道清洁，供油提前角的调整、汽油电喷系统故障诊断等工作予以检查和排除。

康明斯柴油发动机排气冒白烟的故障原因

排气中的白烟主要是未充分雾化和燃烧的燃油颗粒或水汽，因此，凡是导致燃油无法雾化或水进入气缸内都会使排气冒白烟。归纳主要有以下原因：

1．气温低且气缸压力不足，燃油雾化不好，特别是冷起动初期排气冒白烟

2．缸垫损坏，冷却水渗入气缸内

3．缸体裂，冷却水渗入气缸内

4．燃油中含水量大等

冷起动时排气冒白烟，发动机暖机后白烟消失应视为正常，若车辆正常运行时仍冒白烟则为故障，应通过观察水箱内冷却水是否不正常消耗，各缸工作是否正常，油水分离器是否水量过多等进行检查和分析，排除故障部位

康明斯柴油发动机排气冒蓝烟的故障原因

排气中的蓝烟主要是机油过量窜入燃烧室参与燃烧的结果。因此，凡是导致机油窜入燃烧室的原因都会使排气冒蓝烟。归纳主要有以下原因：

1．活塞环断

2．油环上回油孔被积碳堵塞，失去刮油作用

3．活塞环开口转到一起，造成机油从活塞环开口上窜

4．活塞环磨损严重或被积碳卡滞在环槽内，失去密封作用

5．气环上下方向装反，把机油刮入气缸内烧掉

6．活塞环弹力不够，质量不合格

7．气门导管油封装配不当或老化失效、失去密封作用

8．活塞、缸筒严重磨损

9. 机油加入量过多，使机油飞溅过多，油环来不及刮下缸壁多余的机油等

排气冒蓝烟必然伴遂幡巍怼啤笑桅痞兀 油消耗增多，有的驾驶员称“烧机油”。机油、燃油消耗比一般为0．5%～0。8%，机油消耗

超过此值时排气中将有蓝烟产生。发动机冒蓝烟的故障，一般要通过发动机解体、检查，才能找出原因并确定排除故障的方案。冷机状态排烟发蓝，但机油消耗正常的，与燃料有关，

视为正常。

发动机排烟一般应在发动机暖机状态时检查，通过发动机低速、中速、高速及加速过程中排烟颜色的变化进行分析。

The reasons for the failure of the Cummins diesel engine exhaust black smoke The smoke in the exhaust fuel incomplete combustion of carbon particles. Therefore, the excess supply of the fuel supply system, fuel, intake air amount reducing the poor sealing of the cylinder block, cylinder head and piston constitute the combustion chamber, injector jet and the poor quality factors will cause the fuel combustion is incomplete, so that the row gas black smoke. Exhaust black smoke for the following reasons:

A. Uneven pressure fuel supply to the excessive or cylinder fuel supply Two. Valve sealing leakage, resulting in leakage, low cylinder compression pressure

3. Air filter inlet obstruction, resistance of the inlet into the gas

4. Cylinder, piston, piston rings severe wear

5 Injector bad work

6. Engine overload

7. The fuel injection pump fuel delivery advance angle is too small, the combustion process to the exhaust process

8. Gasoline fuel injection system control failure failure

The black smoke of the engine through the high pressure oil pump adjustment, fuel injector spray test to check the cylinder compression pressure measurement, inlet cleaning, fuel supply advance angle adjustment, gasoline fuel injection system failure diagnostic work to be inspected and excluded. Cummins diesel engine exhaust white smoke cause of the malfunction

Of white smoke in the exhaust is not fully atomization and combustion of fuel particles or water vapor, therefore, all lead to fuel atomization can not or will cause water to enter the cylinder exhaust white smoke. Summarized the following main reasons:

A. Low temperatures and cylinder pressure, fuel atomization is not good, especially the early stages of cold-start exhaust white smoke

Two. The cylinder head gasket is damaged, the cooling water to seep into the cylinder

3. The split cylinder, the cooling water to seep into the cylinder

4. Fuel moisture content and large

Cold start exhaust white smoke, white smoke disappears after engine

warm-up should be considered normal, if still white smoke in the normal operation of vehicles, compared with failure should be observed cooling water within the tank is not the normal consumption of each cylinder is working normal, whether the oil-water separator too much water for inspection and