分词短语作状语详细(含详细题目分析-欢迎交流指正)

CH-分词短语作状语以及不定式作状语

Period 1:分词短语作状语

1．什么是状语：

修饰动词、形容词、副词等及其短语或整个句子，说明动作或特征的句子成分，叫做状语。

2.状语的表现形式：

(1)副词及其词组

Light travels most quickly.光传播得最快。

Factories and buildings are seen here and there.到处能见到工厂和建筑物。

（2）介词短语

He has lived in the city for ten years.他在那座城市住了10年。

If spite of the difficulties, we went on with our work.尽管有困难，我们还是继续工作。

（3）不定式（短语）

He is proud to have passed the National College Entrance Examination. 他因能通过高考而感到自豪。

The box is too heavy for me to lift.这个箱子太重，我抬不起来。

（4）分词（短语）主语一直可以省略

He is in the room making a model plane.他正在房间里做一架飞机模型。

Not knowing what to do, he decided to ask the teacher for advice. 他不知道怎么办才好，决定去向老师寻求意见。

Encouraged by the teacher, I made up my mind to learn English well.在老师的鼓励下，我决心把英语学好。（5）名词（短语）

Wait a minute.等一下

Would you please come this way.请这边走，好吗？

The road is fifty kilometers long and ten meters wide.这条路有50公里长，10米宽。

（6）从句

Once you begin, you must continue.一旦开始，你就得继续下去。

It is very difficult to live where there is little water.在没有水的地方，活是十分艰难的。

I must work harder in order that I may catch up with others.为了赶上其他人，我必须更加努力学习。

3.状语的分类

（1）时间状语

How about meeting again at six?

6:00再见面怎样？

When it rains, I usually go to school by bus.

下雨天我通常乘公共汽车去学校。

（2）原因状语

Last night she didn’t go to the dance because of the rain.

由于下雨，她昨晚没有去参加舞会。

Since you are very busy, I won’t trouble you.既然你很忙，我就不打扰你了。

（3）条件状语

I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.

如果不下雨，我将到那里去。

As(so) long as you work hard, you can make rapid progress in English.只要你努力，你就可以在英语方面取得快速的进步。

（4）方式状语

She put the eggs into the basket with great care.她十分小心地把鸡蛋放进篮子里。

He has greatly improved his spoken English by this means.他用这种方法极大的提高了他的英语水平。（5）伴随状语

She came in with a dictionary in her hand.他走了进来，手里拿着一本字典。

The teacher came in, followed by a group of students.

老师走了进来，后面跟着一群学生。

（6）目的状语

I went there to see a friend of mine.我去哪里去看我的一个朋友。

Bring it closer so that I may see it better.把它那近些，以便我可以看得更清楚。

（7）结果状语

He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.他累极了，立刻就睡着了。

He is so good a teacher that the students love and respect him.他是一位很好的老师，学生们都敬爱他。（8）让步状语

She Array worked

very hard

though

she is old.

虽然她

年纪大

了，但她

工作仍

然十分

努力。

No

matter

when you

come,

you are

warmly welcome.不管你什么时候来，你都会受到热烈欢迎。

（9）程度状语

They were greatly moved to hear the hero’s story.听了英雄的故事，他们深受感动。

I quite agree with you.我完全同意你的意见。

（10）比较状语

I am taller than he is.我比他高。

The more I speak English, the better I’ll be.我英语讲得越多，就讲得越好。

4.分词短语作状语的用法（高考重点）

（1）分词短语做状语的句法功能

分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词while或when引出。

Hearing the news, they got excited.（时间）听到这个消息，他们很兴奋。

Be careful while/when crossing the street.(时间) 过街口时，一定要小心。

Having been bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it.（原因）由于被蛇咬过，她很怕蛇。

Given a chance, I can surprise the world.（条件）给我一个机会，我会让世界惊奇。

The cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces.(结果) 茶杯掉在地上，摔成了碎片。

Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.(让步) 被告诉了很多次，他仍旧犯同样的错误。

The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students.(伴随状况)

老师走进实验室，后面跟着一些学生。

（2）分词短语作状语的形式有以下五种：