现在分词用法归纳ppt
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现在分词用法归纳
modified by lex
知识提纲
❖ 一、现在分词的结构 ❖ 二、现在分词的结构含义 ❖ 三、现在分词的句法功能 ❖ 四、独立主格结构 ❖ 五、现在分词的主动表被动含义
一、现在分词的结构
主动形式
被动形式
一般式
doing
being done
完成式 having done having been done
brother. The boy who is sitting under that tree is my brother.
I know the people building the house there.
I know the people who are building the house there
China is a developing country. (发展中的) America is a developed country. （发达的）
boiling water boiled water
正在沸腾的 已经沸腾过的
fading flowers 正在凋谢的
faded flowers
已经凋谢的
He had a _t_e_rr_if_ie_d__ (terrifying, terrified) look in his eyes.
The boy answered in a _fr_i_gh_t_e_n_e_d (frightening, frightened) voice.
His son was disappointing . The old man felt unhappy. His son wasdisappointed , so he regretted not having prepared
❖ The question being discussed is important.
❖ Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking.
❖ 【注】：being done 不能作状语
❖
having been done 不能作定语
The building completed last month is a bank The building that was completed last month is a bank The house being built over there is a shop. 被动,正在 建
The house that is being built over there is a shop. The house built over there is a shop. （被动、已建好） The house that is built over there is a shop.
❖ In the following years he worked even harder.
〓 In the years that followed
【注】分词作前置定语(不同含义）
1.下列由动词变成形容词化的分词表达不同的含义。V-ing表示他 人他物令人感到怎么样。V-ed本身自己感到怎么样。
❖ Having studied in university for 3 years, he knows the way very well.
❖ 2.现在分词的被动式的一般式和完成式。当句子 的主语是分词动作的承受者时，分词用被动语式；
如果强调分词的动作先于谓语的动作，就用分词 完成式被动形式。如：
a drowning man 快要淹死的
a drowned man 已经淹死的
falling leaves
正在飘落的树叶
fallen leaves
落叶
a retired worker 退休工人
an escaped prisoner 逃犯
returned students 归国留学生
分词作定语相当于定语从句 (1).The boy sittin来自百度文库 under that tree is my
interesting , interested ;exciting, excited; annoying, annoyed; amazing, amazed; amusing, amused ;
astonishing, astonished; boring, bored; confusing, confused; disappointing, disappointed; encouraging, encouraged; embarrassing, embarrassed ; frightening, frightened; inspiring, inspired
否定式 ：在现在分词的前面直接加not
二、现在分词的结构含义
❖ 1.现在分词的主动式的一般式和完成式。一般式 用来指和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的行为； 完成式（having + 过去分词）用来指在谓语动词 所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如：
❖ Being a student, he was interested in books.
much for the test.
2.有些形容词化的分词表到不同的含义。V-ing表示动作正在进行。 V-ed表示动作已完成，不表被动。
rising/risen, falling/fallen, developing /developed , changing/ changed, fading /faded, boiled/ boiling ,drowning/ drowned
三、现在分词的句法功能
❖ 分词不管充当什么成分，都和所修饰的名词或者 代词或者句子的主语形成主谓关系。
❖ 1.作定语
❖ 分词短语作定语时，分词短语放在被修饰的名词 之后；单个分词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之 前。相当于定语从句。如：
❖ The man standing by the windows is our teacher. （standing 和所修饰的man形成主谓关 系） 〓 who is standing by the windows
modified by lex
知识提纲
❖ 一、现在分词的结构 ❖ 二、现在分词的结构含义 ❖ 三、现在分词的句法功能 ❖ 四、独立主格结构 ❖ 五、现在分词的主动表被动含义
一、现在分词的结构
主动形式
被动形式
一般式
doing
being done
完成式 having done having been done
brother. The boy who is sitting under that tree is my brother.
I know the people building the house there.
I know the people who are building the house there
China is a developing country. (发展中的) America is a developed country. （发达的）
boiling water boiled water
正在沸腾的 已经沸腾过的
fading flowers 正在凋谢的
faded flowers
已经凋谢的
He had a _t_e_rr_if_ie_d__ (terrifying, terrified) look in his eyes.
The boy answered in a _fr_i_gh_t_e_n_e_d (frightening, frightened) voice.
His son was disappointing . The old man felt unhappy. His son wasdisappointed , so he regretted not having prepared
❖ The question being discussed is important.
❖ Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking.
❖ 【注】：being done 不能作状语
❖
having been done 不能作定语
The building completed last month is a bank The building that was completed last month is a bank The house being built over there is a shop. 被动,正在 建
The house that is being built over there is a shop. The house built over there is a shop. （被动、已建好） The house that is built over there is a shop.
❖ In the following years he worked even harder.
〓 In the years that followed
【注】分词作前置定语(不同含义）
1.下列由动词变成形容词化的分词表达不同的含义。V-ing表示他 人他物令人感到怎么样。V-ed本身自己感到怎么样。
❖ Having studied in university for 3 years, he knows the way very well.
❖ 2.现在分词的被动式的一般式和完成式。当句子 的主语是分词动作的承受者时，分词用被动语式；
如果强调分词的动作先于谓语的动作，就用分词 完成式被动形式。如：
a drowning man 快要淹死的
a drowned man 已经淹死的
falling leaves
正在飘落的树叶
fallen leaves
落叶
a retired worker 退休工人
an escaped prisoner 逃犯
returned students 归国留学生
分词作定语相当于定语从句 (1).The boy sittin来自百度文库 under that tree is my
interesting , interested ;exciting, excited; annoying, annoyed; amazing, amazed; amusing, amused ;
astonishing, astonished; boring, bored; confusing, confused; disappointing, disappointed; encouraging, encouraged; embarrassing, embarrassed ; frightening, frightened; inspiring, inspired
否定式 ：在现在分词的前面直接加not
二、现在分词的结构含义
❖ 1.现在分词的主动式的一般式和完成式。一般式 用来指和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的行为； 完成式（having + 过去分词）用来指在谓语动词 所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如：
❖ Being a student, he was interested in books.
much for the test.
2.有些形容词化的分词表到不同的含义。V-ing表示动作正在进行。 V-ed表示动作已完成，不表被动。
rising/risen, falling/fallen, developing /developed , changing/ changed, fading /faded, boiled/ boiling ,drowning/ drowned
三、现在分词的句法功能
❖ 分词不管充当什么成分，都和所修饰的名词或者 代词或者句子的主语形成主谓关系。
❖ 1.作定语
❖ 分词短语作定语时，分词短语放在被修饰的名词 之后；单个分词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之 前。相当于定语从句。如：
❖ The man standing by the windows is our teacher. （standing 和所修饰的man形成主谓关 系） 〓 who is standing by the windows