英美文学霍桑介绍 共23页PPT资料

Strange behavior
brother and two sisters
Goody Glover
was arrested and accused of bewitching the children.
Reverend Cotton Mather
met twice with Glover after her arrest to persuade her to repent her witchcraft
The heroine---Hester Prynne from her horrendous trials, she gains strength, courage, and her lost love. She's the embodiment of deep contradictions: bad and beautiful, holy and sinful, conventional and radical. She’s also a mirror, revealing the rue feelings of the reader about the role of women in society. All the contradictions of Hester —— make her an enduring heroine of American literature. She is flawed, complex, and above all fertile.
B. Hawthorne used symbols and setting to reveal the psychology of characters.
( take symbols for example: A symbol is, like a metaphor, something that stands for, or represents, something else: an object, a person, even an idea. The Scarlet Letter is rich with symbols; in fact, it is largely regarded as the first symbolic novel in America.)
Glover was hanged
In 1692 January 20
Abigail Williams(11) Elizabeth Parris (9)
Strange behavior
Other girls in Salem
Mid-February, 1692:
Doctor Griggs, who attended to the “afflicted” girls, suggested that witchcraft was the cause of their strange behavior.
C. He wrote stories with narrative interest, case in transition, coherence, and complexity.
DHale Waihona Puke Baidu His style is soft, flowing, and almost feminine.
(his touch is light, but his observation is somber)
Salem Witchcraft Trial in 1692
The map of Salem (塞勒姆):
Salem was settled in 1629,Massachusetts
In 1688
Goody Glover : a laundress Martha Goodwin: a 13-year-old girl
E. He used ambiguity to keep the reader in a word of uncertainty.
( Hawthorne renders this beautiful passage to remind the reader, seemingly at every turn, that meaning, or truth, will be profoundly difficult to uncover)
2.The Magistrate issues a warrant for the arrest of the accused person.
3. The accused person is taken into custody and examined by two or more Magistrates. If, after listening to testimony, the Magistrate believes that the accused person is probably guilty, the accused is sent to jail for possible reexamination and to await trial.
• At his best, Hawthorne was a master of psychological insight.
• Hawthorne’s novels were perhaps the deepest and most psychological in the 19 century.
Hawthorne is significant for his style
A. Hawthorne wrote romance because he thought it the predestined form of American narrative.
(he presented material on the alienation between fact and fancy. He wanted to reveal reality and satirize it but not to offend the puritan conventions.)
• The scarlet letter(most famous novel)
First American romancer
Significance
• Hawthorne was imbued with an inquiring imagination, an intensely meditative, and an unceasing interest in the ambiguity of man’s being.
trials
Procedure Used In The Salem Witchcraft Trials
1. The afflicted person makes a complaint to the Magistrate about a suspected witch. The complaint is sometimes made through a third person.
second, Grandfather's Chair ; Famous Old People; the Liberty Tree
third, he invested his savings at Brook Farm
• Mosses form an old manse(second collection of short stories)
• The Token 1830
• Seven tales of my native land burnt
• twice-told tales(first collection of short
stories)
little money
• Hawthorne did three thing: first, as a surveyor
Three aspects
• Showed great concern about the American past
• His themes:
Brief introduction of The Scarlet Letter
a love tragedy taking place in North American colonial period.
H---- Hester Prynne 海斯特白兰 C---- Roger Chillingworth罗杰奇 林渥斯 D----Dimmesdale 代尔
Heroine H married to C, who was old and ugly and devoted his whole life to studying. There was no love between the couple. But H and minister D loved each other. And H gave birth to a daughter called Pearl. According to Puritanism, they committed adultery. H was punished in public and had to wear the scarlet letter----A standing for adultery in her life as a lifelong sign of her sin. But she had a strong will and refused to say who the child’s father was. H’s long separated husband C came back from Britain and discovered her relationship with minister D. Also he knew what had happened with the scaffold, so he decided to find the child’s father to revenge. He disguised as a doctor. D suffered from his beliefs and conscience in long time and became thin and pallid. People asked D and C to live together to treat his illness. Living together provided the opportunity for C to revenge. So C tormented the poor minister unceasingly in vicious and clever method. At last, D can’t endure C’s humiliation and inner torment any longer, he committed his sin in public and died in H’s arms. H sustains all humiliation and proved to be a strong---minded and capable woman. As she is ready to offer help and advice to other women in trouble, she was loved and respected by people in the town. She continued her life of penance and became a model of endurance, goodness, courage, and victory over sin.
Nathaniel Hawthorne
life
• Hawthorne studied at Bowdoin college in Maine(1821~1825)
• • Pot Longfellow and Franklin pierce
Literary Career
• Fanshawe failure