南京理工大学考博英语题型分析
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：34
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题据心理学家称，乐观和自信是健康的心理状态所应具备的要素。
焦虑是一种心理问题，他源自对生活中的不确定因素的内在恐惧，或者说是一种不安全感。
繁荣的市场经济中躁动的消费需求是某些人焦虑情绪产生的原因。
名车、豪宅和优越的生活被人们视为高档的标志。
但是，由于多数人难以达到这样的生活标准，有些人就会产生失落感。
然而，这种出于对金钱崇拜而产生的焦虑感并不具有代表性。
对于多数人来说，引起焦虑的重要原因是高昂的房价、教育支出和医疗费用。
人们生活在巨大的压力之下，但是低廉并且增长缓慢的工资使他们看不到脱离困境的希望。
有时似乎是机会多多，人们也会因此而产生焦虑。
【答案】Psychologists said that confidence and optimism are the important elements of a healthy state of mind. Nervousness is a mental problem and is resourced from an inner emotional insecurity over uncertain factors in life. In the prosperous market economy, restless consumption demands are the reason for the nervous emotions. Brand-name car, houses and superior life are the marks of high-end life. However, most people tend to be disappointed because they cannot reach this living standard.Furthermore, such nervousness over money worship is not representative. For most people, the nervousness is resulted from expensive house, high education expenditure and high medical cost. People live under this tremendous pressure, and they cannot find any hopes of being lifted out of the hardship because of the low and slow-growing incomes. Sometimes there seems to be many opportunities, but people also feel anxious about this.2.单选题As a （）actor, he can perform, sing, dance and play several kinds of musical instruments. 问题1选项A.flexibleB.versatileC.sophisticatedD.productive【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。
南理工博士入学英语测试
南理工博士入学英语测试As a potential Ph.D. student at Southern University of Science and Technology, I understand the importance of demonstrating proficiency in English. Therefore, I am ready to take the English entrance exam as a part of the admission process.The ability to communicate effectively in English is crucial for academic success and for participating in international research collaborations. I believe that my strong English skills will enable me to fully engage with the academic community at SUSTech and to contribute meaningfully to the university's research efforts.In addition to my academic background, I have actively sought opportunities to improve my English language skills.I have participated in English language courses, engaged in English language discussions, and regularly read academic papers and books in English. These experiences have not only enhanced my language abilities but have also broadened my understanding of various academic disciplines.I am confident in my ability to comprehend and communicate complex ideas in English, and I am committed to continuously improving my language skills throughout my academic career. I am eager to immerse myself in anEnglish-speaking academic environment and to contribute to the vibrant international community at SUSTech.作为潜在的南方科技大学博士生，我了解展示英语能力的重要性。
博士英语考试题型
博士英语考试题型在博士英语考试中，考生需要熟悉各种题型，以便有效地准备和应对考试。
本文将介绍常见的博士英语考试题型及其特点，帮助考生理解并有效应对考试。
一、阅读理解题阅读理解题是博士英语考试的重点题型之一。
该题型要求考生根据篇章内容，理解和分析文章的主旨、观点、论证过程等，并回答相关问题。
阅读理解题分为短文理解和长篇理解两种。
短文理解通常包括若干篇短文，每篇短文后跟有若干问题。
长篇理解则是一篇长篇文章，后面跟有一系列问题。
答题技巧：1. 仔细阅读文章：通读全文，了解文章主题和结构，捕捉关键信息。
2. 抓住问题关键词：在阅读问题时，注意关键词，理解问题要求，快速定位答案。
3. 筛选选项：对于选择题，排除干扰选项，从剩余选项中选择最合适的答案。
二、完形填空题完形填空题主要考察考生的语法和词汇运用能力，以及对文章上下文的理解能力。
该题型在一篇短文中留有若干个空白处，考生需要根据上下文补全合适的单词或短语。
答题技巧：1. 阅读全文：快速阅读全文，理解大意和文章的逻辑结构。
2. 掌握文章情节：通过阅读，了解文章的叙述顺序和发展过程，帮助理解空格前后的内容。
3. 根据上下文选择答案：尝试选择与空格前后信息衔接紧密、符合语法和意义的选项。
三、听力理解题听力理解题是博士英语考试的难点题型之一。
该题型要求考生根据听到的对话或独白，回答相关问题。
听力理解题分为短对话和长对话独白两种。
短对话通常包括若干段对话，每段对话后跟有一个问题。
长对话独白则是一段较长的对话或独白，后面跟有一系列问题。
答题技巧：1. 专注倾听：注意听力材料的语速、语调和重点信息，集中注意力，避免分神。
2. 做好笔记：在听力材料播放过程中，尝试记下关键词，以方便后续回答问题。
3. 预测答案：根据听到的信息，尝试预测答案，准确把握问题的要求。
四、写作题写作题是博士英语考试的关键题型之一。
该题型要求考生在规定的时间内，根据题目要求，完成一篇短文写作。
写作题通常包括作文或短文写作等。
考博英语题型
考博英语题型摘要：1.考博英语概述2.考博英语的题型及分值分布3.各种题型的备考策略4.总结正文：一、考博英语概述考博英语，全称为博士研究生入学考试英语，是我国博士研究生招生全国统一考试的一部分。
其主要目的是测试考生的英语语言运用能力，以确保考生具备良好的英语水平，能够胜任博士研究生阶段的学术研究和学习。
考博英语考试的成绩是衡量考生英语水平的重要依据，对于考生能否顺利进入博士研究生阶段具有重要意义。
二、考博英语的题型及分值分布考博英语考试分为听力、阅读理解、完形填空、翻译和写作五个部分，总分为100 分。
各部分的分值分布如下：1.听力：20 分，包括短文听力和长对话听力。
2.阅读理解：30 分，包括传统阅读和阅读新题型。
3.完形填空：10 分，测试考生的语言知识和语境理解能力。
4.翻译：10 分，主要测试考生的英汉互译能力。
5.写作：30 分，包括小作文和大作文，主要测试考生的英语书面表达能力。
三、各种题型的备考策略1.听力：多做听力练习，尤其是模拟试题和真题，提高听力水平和答题速度。
同时，注意积累常用词汇和短语，提高听力理解能力。
2.阅读理解：提高阅读速度和理解能力，善于捕捉文章的主旨和细节。
多做阅读练习，积累词汇和语法知识，提高阅读水平。
3.完形填空：熟悉完形填空题型，掌握解题技巧。
通过多做练习，提高对语境的理解和词汇运用能力。
4.翻译：熟悉英汉互译的技巧和方法，积累常用短语和句型。
通过练习，提高翻译准确性和表达能力。
5.写作：掌握写作技巧和方法，注重文章结构和逻辑性。
多做写作练习，提高英语书面表达能力。
四、总结考博英语考试是对考生英语水平的一次全面测试，各题型的备考需要有针对性地进行。
博士英语面试试题及答案
博士英语面试试题及答案一、自我介绍1. 请用英语简单介绍一下你自己。
答案：My name is [Your Name], and I come from [Your Hometown]. I have a master's degree in [Your Major] from [Your University]. I am passionate about [Your Interest] and have been actively involved in [Your Relevant Experience].二、专业问题1. 请谈谈你在硕士期间的研究工作。
答案：During my master's program, I focused on [Your Research Topic]. I conducted [Research Method] and found [Key Findings]. This experience has equipped me with [Skills or Knowledge] that I believe will be beneficial for my PhD studies.2. 你选择我们大学读博的原因是什么？答案：I chose your university because of its strong reputation in [Your Field of Study]. Additionally, thefaculty members here have a diverse range of expertise that aligns with my research interests, and I am particularly interested in working with [Specific Professor].三、研究计划1. 请简述你的博士研究计划。
解析考博英语面试中的常见问题和答案
解析考博英语面试中的常见问题和答案问题一：请介绍一下你的研究方向和研究成果。
回答：我的研究方向是法律学，特别是国际商法领域。
我在此方向上取得了一些研究成果。
例如，我曾参与一项关于国际贸易争端解决机制的研究项目，发表了一篇相关论文。
此外，我还参与了一些国内外学术会议，并进行了学术报告。
问题二：为什么你选择考博？回答：我选择考博是因为我对学术研究充满热情，并希望在我的研究领域中做出更深入的贡献。
考博将为我提供更广阔的研究平台和资源，使我能够深入研究我感兴趣的课题，并与其他学者进行深入的学术交流。
问题三：你在本科和硕士阶段的学习经历中，有哪些突出的成绩或荣誉？回答：在本科阶段，我获得了学习优秀奖学金，并连续三年被评为优秀学生。
在硕士阶段，我在研究中获得了导师的肯定，并被邀请参与一项重要项目的研究工作。
此外，我还在研究生期间发表了一篇与我的研究方向相关的学术论文。
问题四：你在研究中遇到的最大困难是什么，你是如何解决的？回答：在我的研究中，我遇到的最大困难是数据收集和分析过程中的复杂性。
为了解决这个问题，我采取了以下策略：首先，我进行了详细的文献研究，以找到相关的数据来源；其次，我利用统计软件对数据进行分析，并请教了一些专业人士来验证我的分析结果；最后，我与我的导师和同事进行了讨论和交流，以确保我的研究方法和结论的准确性。
问题五：你认为自己在哪些方面需要进一步提升？回答：我认为我在学术写作和口头表达方面还有提升的空间。
虽然我在研究中进行了大量的写作工作，并进行了一些学术报告，但我希望能够更加准确和清晰地表达我的观点，并提高我的学术写作技巧。
为此，我准备参加一些学术写作和演讲技巧的培训，并积极参与学术交流活动，以提升自己的表达能力。
以上是对考博英语面试中常见问题的简要解析和答案。
希望对您有所帮助！。
2023全国博士英语考试题型
2023全国博士英语考试题型全国博士英语考试是获得博士学位的重要环节之一，其考试内容涵盖了英语听、说、读、写、译等多个方面。
以下是2023年全国博士英语考试的题型及分析，以供参考。
一、听力理解听力理解部分主要测试考生理解英语学术讲座和对话的能力。
该部分共20道题，每道题1分，总分为20分。
考试时间为30分钟。
听力材料的难度较高，涉及的领域广泛，包括社会科学、自然科学等。
考生需要具备较强的听力技巧和快速理解能力，才能准确把握听力材料的主旨和细节。
二、阅读理解阅读理解部分主要测试考生阅读并理解英语学术文章的能力。
该部分共20道题，每道题2分，总分为40分。
考试时间为50分钟。
阅读文章的题材和难度与学术论文相似，涉及的主题广泛，包括社会科学、自然科学、人文科学等。
考生需要具备较强的阅读技巧和批判性思维能力，才能准确把握文章的主旨和细节，并做出正确的推理判断。
三、翻译翻译部分主要测试考生将英语学术文章翻译成汉语的能力。
该部分共2道题，每道题10分，总分为20分。
考试时间为30分钟。
翻译文章的主题广泛，包括社会科学、自然科学、人文科学等。
考生需要具备较强的翻译技巧和语言表达能力，同时还需要了解相关领域的背景知识，才能准确传达原文的意思。
四、写作写作部分主要测试考生撰写英语学术论文的能力。
该部分共1道题，总分为20分。
考试时间为40分钟。
写作题目要求考生就某一主题撰写一篇学术论文，要求结构清晰、逻辑严密、语言准确、表达流畅。
考生需要具备较强的学术素养和写作技巧，同时还需要了解相关领域的学术规范和写作要求。
总体来说，2023年全国博士英语考试的难度较高，对考生的英语水平和学术素养要求较高。
考生需要通过系统的备考和训练，全面提高自己的英语听、说、读、写、译能力，同时还需要了解相关领域的背景知识和学术规范，才能顺利通过考试。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：6
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Manufacturing is China’s most important economic activity, （）over 30 percent of the workforce.问题1选项A.includingB.engagingC.approximatingD.accounting【答案】B【解析】考查动词辦析。
四个选项的意思分别是: including包含，包括；engaging聘用，雇用；approximating近似，接近； accounting记述，报告。
句意:制造业是中国最重要的经济活动，雇佣了超过30%的劳动力。
本题考查的是分词短语作状语，根据句意可推出正确答案是B。
2.单选题New technology is making the traditional farming machinery and methods （）.问题1选项A.efficientB.emergentC.obsoleteD.nostalgic【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。
efficient “有效率的”；emergent “紧急的”；obsolete “过时的”；nostalgic “怀旧的”。
句意：新的科技使传统的农业机械和方法渐渐过时了。
选项C符合题意。
3.单选题Some sociologists are worried about the （） throughout the whole society.问题1选项A.fraudulentB.generousC.dynamicpulsive【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。
fraudulent “欺诈的”；generous “慷慨的”；dynamic “动态的”; compulsive “极有趣的”。
句意：一些社会学家担心整个社会的欺诈问题。
考博英语面试中的常见问题和答案详解
考博英语面试中的常见问题和答案详解面试是考博英语的重要组成部分，主要测试考生的英语口语表达能力、听力理解能力以及综合素质。
本文档将为您详细解析考博英语面试中的常见问题及答案，帮助您更好地备战面试。
1. 自我介绍问题： Please introduce yourself.2. 学术背景问题： Could you please tell us about your academic background?答案： Sure, I graduated from [学校名称] with a Bachelor's degree in [专业名称] in [毕业年份]. Then I obtained my Master's degree in [专业名称] from [学校名称] in [毕业年份]. During my graduate studies, I focused on [研究方向]，and I have published several papers on this topic.3. 研究计划问题： What is your research plan if you are admitted to our program?答案： If I am fortunate enough to be admitted to your program, I will first familiarize myself with the research interests and projects of my potential advisor. Then, based on my background and interests, I will propose a research plan and discuss it with my advisor. I plan to focus on [研究内容]，and I hope to contribute to the field through my research.4. 为什么选择我们学校/专业问题： Why did you choose our school/program?答案： Your school/program has a great reputation in [专业领域] and I have always admired the academic atmosphere here. I also found that the faculty members in your program share my research interests, especially [教授姓名], whose work has inspired me a lot. I believe thatyour program will provide me with the best resources and opportunities to grow both personally and professionally.5. 未来职业规划问题： What are your career plans after obtaining a doctoral degree?6. 英语水平问题： How would you describe your English level?7. 个人兴趣爱好问题： Can you tell us about your hobbies?答案： Sure, in my spare time, I like reading, especially academic books and papers related to my research field. I also enjoy playing sports, such as badminton and swimming, to keep myself healthy. Additionally, I like traveling and experiencing different cultures.以上是考博英语面试中的常见问题及答案详解，希望对您有所帮助。
考博英语面试常见问题及答案
考博英语面试常见问题及答案其实考博英语复试最大的一个问，也是最根本的一个问题就是：首先你得先通过考博英语初试，这才有可能面对考博英语复试问题。
下面是小编为大家带来的考博英语常见问题及答案，欢迎阅读。
第一部分：传统(Sample Traditional Interview Questions)1、What can you tell me about yourself?(关于你自己，你能告诉我些什么?)这一问题如果面试没有安排的时间的话。
这是一个必问的问题。
考官并不希望你大谈你的个人历史，他是在寻找有关你性格、资历、志向和生活动力的线索，来判断你是否适合读研或者MBA。
下面是一个积极正面回答的好例子：“在高中我参加各种竞争性体育活动，并一直努力提高各项运动的成绩。
大学期间，我曾在一家服装店打工，我发现我能轻而易举地将东西推销出去。
销售固然重要，但对我来说，更重要的是要确信顾客能够满意。
不久便有顾客返回那家服装店点名让我为他们服务。
我很有竞争意识，力求完美对我很重要。
”In high school I was involved in competitive sports and I always tried to improve in each sport I participated in. As a college student, I worked in a clothing store part-time and found that I could sell things easily. The sale was important, but for me, it was even more important to make sure that the customer was satisfied. It was not long before customers came back to the store and specifically asked for me to help them. I’m very competitive and it means a lot to me to be the best.2、What would you like to be doing five years after graduation?(在毕业以后5年内你想做些什么?)你要清楚你实际上能胜任什么。
2024 年博士研究生学位英语考试题型
2024 年博士研究生学位英语考试题型
2024年博士研究生学位英语考试题型主要分为以下几类：
1. 听力理解：这部分测试考生的英语听力能力，主要包括对话、短文及问题。
考生需要根据所听内容选择正确答案。
2. 词汇与语法：这部分测试考生的英语词汇和语法知识，主要包括填空、选择题等形式。
3. 阅读理解：这部分测试考生的英语阅读能力，主要包括阅读短文及问题。
考生需要根据短文内容选择正确答案。
4. 完形填空：这部分测试考生的语境理解和词汇运用能力，考生需要根据短文内容及语境，从所给选项中选择最佳答案填入空白处。
5. 写作：这部分测试考生的英语书面表达能力，主要包括命题作文、图表作文等。
考生需要根据题目要求撰写文章或完成图表作文。
6. 翻译：这部分测试考生的英汉互译能力，主要包括英译汉和汉译英两种形式。
考生需要准确翻译所给短文或句子。
需要注意的是，不同地区和高校的博士研究生学位英语考试题型可能略有差异，具体题型以实际考试大纲为准。
建议考生参考历年真题和考试大纲进行复习备考。
博士英语面试疑难问题解析及答案
博士英语面试疑难问题解析及答案为了帮助各位博士候选人更好地应对英语面试，我们精心准备了一份面试问题解析及答案，涵盖了多个方面的问题，旨在帮助您展示自己的专业能力、研究经验和人际沟通技巧。
1. 个人和学术背景问题： Can you tell us about your educational background and research experience?答案解析：这个问题主要考察你的背景和研究方向，回答时应简洁明了地介绍你的教育经历、研究课题和成果。
答案示例：2. 研究兴趣和计划问题： What are your research interests, and what are your future research plans?答案解析：这个问题旨在了解你的研究兴趣和未来规划，回答时应结合你的研究方向和兴趣，阐述你的研究设想和目标。
答案示例：My research interests mainly lie in the field of microwave engineering, with a focus on power amplifier design and signal processing. In the future, I plan to explore the application of machine learning techniques in microwave circuit design, aiming to improve the performance and efficiency of microwave devices.3. 学术成果和论文问题： Can you talk about your academic achievements and publications?答案解析：这个问题主要考察你的学术成果和论文发表情况，回答时应列举你的主要论文、专利和奖项，并简要介绍其研究成果和贡献。
考博英语题型
考博英语题型一、阅读理解阅读理解是考博英语中的重要部分，主要考察考生对英文文献的阅读、理解和分析能力。
通常包括两篇长篇文章和若干段短文，总阅读量在3000字左右。
长篇文章通常涉及学术领域的内容，如社会科学、人文科学等，而短文则可能涉及新闻、广告、说明书等不同题材。
阅读理解的题目类型包括选择题、判断题、填空题等，要求考生在理解文章内容的基础上，根据问题进行分析和判断。
二、词汇和语法词汇和语法部分主要考察考生的英语基础知识和语言运用能力。
题目通常包括词汇选择题、填空题、改错题等，要求考生掌握一定数量的英语词汇，能够正确运用语法规则进行句子表达。
考生需要通过大量的词汇和语法练习，提高自己的语言运用能力，掌握常见的词汇和表达方式。
三、完形填空完形填空是一种综合性的语言测试题型，主要考察考生对英语语篇的理解和组织。
题目通常给出一篇短文，其中若干个空格需要填写适当的单词或短语。
考生需要根据上下文语境、语法规则和词汇意义等方面进行分析，选择最合适的答案。
完形填空要求考生具备较强的语篇理解和组织能力，以及对英语语言细节的关注。
四、翻译翻译部分主要考察考生对英语和汉语之间的翻译能力。
题目通常包括英译中和中译英两种类型，要求考生能够准确地将英文或中文文献翻译成另一种语言，并保持原文的语义和风格。
考生需要通过大量的翻译练习，提高自己的语言转换能力，了解不同文化背景下的语言表达方式和习惯。
五、写作写作部分主要考察考生对英文写作的掌握和应用能力。
题目通常给定一个主题或情境，要求考生根据要求写出一篇结构完整、语言流畅的短文。
写作类型可能包括议论文、说明文、应用文等不同形式，要求考生具备较强的语言表达能力和逻辑思维能力。
考生需要通过大量的写作练习，提高自己的英文写作水平，掌握常见的写作技巧和表达方式。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：33
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Some sociologists are worried about the （） throughout the whole society.问题1选项A.fraudulentB.generousC.dynamicpulsive【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。
fraudulent “欺诈的”；generous “慷慨的”；dynamic “动态的”; compulsive “极有趣的”。
句意：一些社会学家担心整个社会的欺诈问题。
选项A符合题意。
2.单选题The company made more profit in that one month than it made in the whole of the （） year. 问题1选项A.previouslyB.proceedingC.precedingD.unpreceding 【答案】C【解析】形近异义词辨析。
previously “以前”；proceeding “程序，诉讼”；preceding “在前的，先前的”；unpreceding “空前的，前所未有的”。
句意：公司在那一个月创造的收益比整个前年的多。
选项C符合题意。
3.翻译题这次到台湾访问交流，虽然行程匆匆，但是，看了不少地方，访了旧友，交了新知，大家走到一起，谈论的一个重要话题就是中华民族在21世纪的强盛。
虽然祖国大陆、台湾的青年生活在不同的社会环境中，有着各自不同的生活经历，但大家的内心都深深铭刻着中华文化优秀传统的印记，都拥有着振兴中华民族的共同理想。
【答案】Although this current visit to Taiwan for exchange was very cursory, we saw many places, visit old friends and make some new friends. The most important topic we talked about was how to build a prosperous China in the 21s when we got together. Teenagers living in our mainland and Taiwan have their own various life experience because of the different social environments, but the marks of our splendid traditions of Chinese culture are engraved in their innermost hearts. We all hold the common ideal of revitalizing the Chinese nation.4.单选题It is estimated that a scientific principle has a life expectancy of approximately a decade before it drastically revised or replaced by newer information.问题1选项A.estimatedB.a life expectancyC.decadeD.it drastically【答案】D【解析】根据题中it is estimated可知，D项应该也为被动语态it is drastically revised，构成并列结构，句意：据估计，在一项科学原则被新的信息彻底地修改和更新之前，预期的寿命大概是十年。
博士研究生入学考试英语阅读理解题型及答题技巧
博士研究生入学考试英语阅读理解题型及答题技巧一、事实细节题1．命题规律1）列举处指的是first…,second,…third…等并列关系词出现的部分2）举例和打比方的地方常考3）指示代词出现处常考4）引用人物论断处常考5）特殊标点符号后的内容常考。
破折号，括号，冒号，引号2答题技巧1）针对例子、引言、特殊符号，要对号入座2）针对某一段的内容提问3）选项中照抄原文的一般不是答案，而同义词替换的一般是答案4）选项中较具体和肤浅地表达了字面意思地一般不是答案，而概括性地、抽象、含义深刻地是答案项5）选项内容与其他三项有较大差别的，可能为答案6）答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案7）选项中符合一般常识，意义深刻富有哲理，属于普遍现象的往往是答案8）细节干扰项特点：与原句内容相反与原文内容一般相同一半不同1与原句内容相似但过于绝对化原文没有提到二、判断词汇和短语的意义题1命题规律1）含有指示代词的句中常有被考察词汇2）具体环境中具有指代上下文语义功能的词汇3）一词多义的常见词4）对比处常考5）复杂句常考2应试技巧1）看所考词汇与全篇文章主题的关系，关系相近符合主题的是答案2）通过连接词关系判断被考词汇含义–And表接近和递进–Or表示相反或进一步解释和说明3）选项含义与被考单词在含义上肤浅相近的一般不是答案4）利用被考词的修饰、限定成分判断其含义5）定冠词the+被考词汇，前句有解6）选项内容全面、概括性强的一般是答案三、推理判断题1命题规律1）综合性推论和判断题常会围绕文章出题，归纳篇首、篇尾及段落中的主题句2）合性推论和判断题还可围绕文章若干段落进行，要求推论和判断段落间的关系3）对支持主题思想的细节部分进行判断推理4）文章和段落的开头处，尤其是文章结尾总结处常被考5）语义转折处常考2应试技巧1）若要求对某段内容进行判断、推论，那么就只看提干要求做答的那一段2）选项措辞过于绝对化的，一般不是答案项3）合乎常理的选项一般是答案项，照抄原文和对文中做字面解释的则不是答案4）弄清主题思想5）逻辑推理题干扰项特点不是在文章事实基础上进行推理推理过头，概括过度四、主旨大意题1命题规律1）段首、段尾句常考2）特殊标点符号，尤其段首的特殊符号的内容往往表达了作者的论点3）语义转折处，尤其在段首的语义转折处常是考点4）因果句常考2应试技巧1）答案很可能在首尾段2）出现频率高的词可能是蕴涵中心思想的关键词3）判断选项内容，片面、单一的内容应排除4）主旨大意题干扰项特点只是局部信息，或是一句没有展开的化，或是某一段的内容概括范围太宽无关信息五、观点态度题1命题规律1）涉及文章中心思想处易考2）作者提出观点处易考3）语义转折和强对比处易考4）文章中有复杂句、特殊句型处易考2应试技巧1）辨别文体议论文中心句说明文中立描述性文找暗示性短语和词汇2）分析段落大意，分析文章走向3）区分不同的观点注意直接引语和间接引语In my view,in my opinion,personally,I think,I hold4)分清选项中的褒义词、中性词和贬义词褒义词positive,supporting,praising,optimistic,admiring,interesting,humorous,serious,enthusiastic,pleasant,polite,concerned,sober贬义词Disgusted,critical,negative,suspicious, tolerant,worried,pessimistic,depressed, disappointed,ironic,sarcastic,bitter, cynical,sentimental,emotional,angry中性词Indifferent,impassive,uninterested, ambivalent,neutral,impersonal,subjective, objective,informative,impartial,apathetic 文体鉴别词Formal,informal,casual。
南京理工大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析
南京理工大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark[A],[B],[C]or[D]on Answer Sheet1.(10 points)Generally speaking,a British is widely regarded as a quiet,shy and conservative person who is1only among those with whom he is acquainted.When a stranger is at present,he often seems nervous, 2embarrassed.You have to take a commuter train any morning or evening to3the truth of this.Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dozing in a corner.Hardly anybody talks, since to do so would be considered quite offensive.Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi.4,there is an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior which,5broken,makes the offender immediately the object of6.It has been known as a fact that the British has a7for the discussion of their weather and that,if given a chance,he will talk about it8.Some people argue that it is because the British weather seldom9forecast and hence becomes a source of interest and10to everyone.This may be so.11a British cannot have much12in the weathermen,who,after promising fine,sunny weather for thefollowing day,are often proved wrong13a cloud over the Atlantic brings rainy weather to all districts!The man in the street seems to be as accurate—or as inaccurate—as the weathermen in his14.Foreigners may be surprised at the number of references15weather that the British make to each other in the course of a single day. Very often conversational greetings are16by comments on the weather.“Nice day,isn’t it?”“Beautiful!”may well be heard instead of “Good morning,how are you?”17the foreigner may consider this exaggerated and comic,it is worthwhile pointing out that it could be used to his advantage.18he wants to start a conversation with a British but is19to know where to begin,he could do well to mention the state of the weather.It is a safe subject which will20an answer from even the most reserved of the British.1.[A]relaxed[B]frustrated[C]amused[D]exhausted2.[A]yet[B]otherwise[C]even[D]so3.[A]experience[B]witness[C]watch[D]undergo4.[A]Deliberately[B]Consequently[C]Frequently[D] Apparently5.[A]unless[B]once[C]while[D]as6.[A]suspicion[B]opposition[C]criticism[D]praise7.[A]emotion[B]fancy[C]likeliness[D]judgment8.[A]at length[B]to a great extent[C]from his heart[D]by all means9.[A]follows[B]predicts[C]defies[D]supports10.[A]dedication[B]compassion[C]contemplation[D] speculation11.[A]Still[B]Also[C]Certainly[D]Fundamentally12.[A]faith[B]reliance[C]honor[D]credit13.[A]if[B]once[C]when[D]whereas14.[A]propositions[B]predictions[C]approval[D]defiance15.[A]about[B]on[C]in[D]to16.[A]started[B]conducted[C]replaced[D]proposed17.[A]Since[B]Although[C]However[D]Only if18.[A]Even if[B]Because[C]If[D]For19.[A]at a loss[B]at last[C]in groups[D]on the occasion20.[A]stimulate[B]constitute[C]furnish[D]provoke SectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].Mark your answers on Answer Sheet 1.(40points)Text1Readers of our Christmas issue were invited to nominate the wisest fool of the past50years.They responded magnificently,though often predictably.But this was not a popularity contest,or an unpopularity one.Except Jack Kennedy,every eligible president of the United States was nominated,along with every important political leader ofthe rest of the world.Alan Greenspan was a popular choice,but surprisingly few businessmen were proposed.Donald Trump,Kenneth Lay, Steve Jobs,Sir Richard Branson and Lord Conrad Black were those most often mentioned.Even fewer women were nominated,though Diana, Princess of Wales,was a strong contender.Piers Allen of Malta nominated Ronald Reagan,explaining,“A joke-cracking,afternoon-napping,intellectual lightweight whose memory could,in times of crisis,always be relied upon,but only to fail.Although foolish enough to announce,live on radio,that he would be bombing Russia in five minutes and take advice from his wife’s astrologer(占星家),he was also wise enough to have survived union leadership and two terms as governor of California to reach the presidency of the United States and end the cold war favourably for the West.Any other wise fools making it to the White House will be hard pressed to fill his cowboy boots.”Richard Spencer(address not supplied)chose Yasser Arafat,whose foolishness was in“never missing an opportunity to miss an opportunity”.“While appearing to his people as a strong leader who could stand up to the Israelis,Arafat was unable to(or simply chose not to)seize the historical moment and forge a compromise solution that would benefit the lot of the Palestinians.Had he been wise enough to make a deal with Israel when the going was good,he likely would have been buried as a bona fide(真正的)world leader in a sovereign state of Palestine.”Denis Papathanasiou of Hoboken,New Jersey,nominated Lawrence Peter“Yogi”Berra,baseball player for the New York Yankees (1946-63).“Mr Berra hardly qualifies as an intellectual:he is famous for such remarks as‘You don’t look so hot yourself’(in response to a comment that he looked cool in his summer suit),‘What? You mean right now?(when asked for the time of day),and‘I take a two-hour nap,from one o’clock to four.’On second glance,however, his utterances depict a certain honest Zen-like(类似禅宗)wisdom:If you don’t know where you’re going,you’ll wind up somewhere else? It was hard to have a conversation with anyone—there were so many people talking.Those qualities have inspired a miniature popular cult(崇拜)of books and seminars.Not bad for a humble baseball player of modest education.”Mr Papathanasiou takes first prize.21.Dennis Papathasiou’s comment suggests.[A]Lawrence Berra is no doubt a confused character.[B]It is hard to have a conversation with Lawrence Berra.[C]It is wrong to underestimate a person of modest education.[D]The baseball player is philosophical about life.22.What is NOT true of Ronald Reagan?[A]He was a trade union leader before assuming the governorship of California.[B]He threatened to bomb the Soviet Union on the advise of an astrologer.[C]He projected an image of tough guy when he was the U.S. president.[D]His memory could only be relied on in times of crisis.23.The possible reason to drop the U.S.presidents from the contest is that.[A]The magazine deliberately disregarded popularity in the contest[B]most of the readers endorsed Dennis Papathanasiou’s choice[C]The editors decided that they were not strong contenders[D]The purpose of the contest was to outwit the readers24.Richard Spencer’s comment implies that the Palestinian leader.[A]should have declared the formation of a Palestinian state[B]failed to identify a historical opportunity when it arose[C]failed to live up to his image as a strong leader[D]should have been flexible in his approach to dealing with the Israelis25.The word“humble”(Line9,Para.4)denotes.[A]self-importance in bearing[B]modesty in behavior[C]a free of care character[D]easy-goingness in manners Text2The aging process may not be the result of a rigid genetic program that in itself dictates longevity.On the contrary,what we see as maximum life span may simply be the complex and indirect result ofmultiple traits in the organism that are internally tied to normal development.In other words,it is not that the body is somehow pre-programmed to acquire gray hair,wrinkles,or diminished metabolic(新陈代谢的)functions.Rather,these signs of aging are simply telltale side effects of activities of the organism.Consider the analogy of an“aging car”.Suppose a distinctive “species”of automobile were designed to burn fuel at a fixed temperature with an efficient rate of combustion(燃烧).That specific rate of combustion is required for appropriate acceleration,cruising speed,fuel mileage(油耗),and so on.But,when the car functions in this way over a period of time,the car also,of necessity,produces certain emission by-products that,over time,begin to clog the cylinders,reduce automotive efficiency,and lead to the breakdown and final collapse of the machine.In the case of the human“car”,it could be the burning oxygen in normal metabolism generates harmful by-products in free radicals that prove toxic to the organism.What we see here may be a basic trade-off:oxygen is essential for life yet harmful to our eventual well-being.In this view,the human“car”is not intentionally designed to accumulate toxic emissions in order to collapse.But there seems to be no way for the car to function at optimum levels without the destructive by-products.But suppose we could find some special“fuel additive”that eliminates toxic emissions.Would we then have an“immortal”car?Probably not.Changing the fuel used in your car won’t prevent accidents,nor would any fuel additive prevent rusting or the wearing down of springs and shock absorbers.The human“car”analogy,of course,is misleading,because an organism,unlike a manufactured object,has a capacity for repair and self-generation,at least up to certain point.The whole question about why we grow old is finding out why that capacity for self-repair ultimately seems unable to keep up with the damage rate:in short,why aging and death seem to be universal.26.From the passage,we learn that.[A]the aging process becomes quicker as people live longer[B]one’s life span has nothing to do with his genetic constitution[C]aging may not be caused by the body’s genetic program[D]normal development dictates the maximum age of a person27.The example of the“aging car”is used to make the point that.[A]aging is actually a by-product of the life process[B]any car may break down or collapse over time[C]no car can function at optimum levels due to inferior fuel[D]efficient rate of combustion is most important to the car28.A“basic trade-off”(Line3,Para.3)is a process.[A]by which old cars are traded off for new ones[B]by which any organism depends on others for oxygen[C]through which an organism gets rid of harmful substances[D]in which any use carries with it an inherent side effect29.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?[A]Aging would never take place if we developed a special fuel additive.[B]We would live forever if we developed a magic medicine for longevity.[C]Longevity is determined by diverse kinds of factors.[D]Nothing can be done to prolong a life when it comes to its natural end.30.The“human car”analogy is faulty in the way that.[A]unlike a person,a car does not have a life span[B]a human being has a self-repairing capacity[C]no can is expected to last longer than a life[D]a car cannot be restored to its original state once damaged Text3The most effective attacks against globalization are usually not those related to economics.Instead,they are social,ethical and, above all,cultural.These arguments surfaced amid the protests in Seattle in1999and more recently in Davos,Bangkok and Prague.They say this:the disappearance of national borders and the establishment of a world interconnected by markets will deal a death blow to regional and national cultures,and to the traditions,customs,myths and moresthat determine each country’s or region’s cultural identity.Since most of the world is incapable of resisting the invasion of cultural products from developed countries that inevitably trails the great transnational corporations,North American culture will ultimately impose itself,standardizing the world and annihilating its richness of diverse cultures.In this manner,all other peoples,and not just the small and weak ones,will lose their identity,their soul,and will become no more than21st-century colonies modeled after the cultural norms of a new imperialism that,in addition to ruling over the planet with its capital,military might and scientific knowledge, will impose on others its language and its ways of thinking,believing, enjoying and dreaming.Even though I believe this cultural argument against globalization is unacceptable,we should recognize that deep within it lies an unquestionable truth.This century,the world in which we will live will be less picturesque and filled with less local color than the one we left behind.The festivals,attire(穿着),customs, ceremonies,rites and beliefs that in the past gave humanity its culturally and racially variety are progressively disappearing or confining themselves to minority sectors,while the bulk of society abandons them and adopts others more suited to the reality of our time.All countries of the earth experience this process,some more quickly than others,but it is not due to globalization.Rather,it is due to modernization,of which the former is effect,not cause.It is possible to lament,certainly,that this process occurs,and to feel nostalgia(恋旧)for the past ways of life that,particularly from our comfortable vantage point of the present,seem full of amusement,originality and color.But this process is unavoidable. In theory,perhaps,a country could keep this identity,but only if—like certain remote tribes in Africa or the Amazon—it decides to live in total isolation,cutting off all exchange with other nations and practicing self瞫ufficiency.A cultural identity preserved in this form would take that society black to prehistoric standards of living.It is true that modernization makes many forms of traditional life disappear.But at the same time,it opens opportunities and constitutes an important step forward for a society as a whole.That is why,when given the option to choose freely,peoples,sometimes counter to what their leaders or intellectual traditionalists would like,opt for modernization without the slightest ambiguity.31.Which of the following is the argument against globalization?[A]The world will become a globalized economic entity.[B]Cultural identities in some countries will be compromised.[C]Transnational corporations will take advantage of the poor countries.[D]Poor countries will be dominated by the powerful ones.32.According to the author,.[A]globalization will enrich cultural diversity[B]countries should strive to reserve their unique customs and practices[C]modernization will succeed in some countries but not in others[D]the world will be culturally less diversified because of globalization33.The author would agree with which of the following statements?[A]A country should try to retain its cultural identity in its modernization drive.[B]Cultural identity may work against the aspiration for modernization.[C]People should understand what may contribute to modernization.[D]It’s impossible for a country to modernize and keep its cultural identity intact.34.The author餾main purpose is to.[A]discuss globalization and cultural identity[B]refute the cultural argument against globalization[C]explain why modernization is inevitable[D]discuss the consequences of globalization35.The author mentions the remote tribes in Africa and the Amazon to illustrate.[A]the resistance that people put up against globalization[B]the marginalization brought forth by globalization[C]the importance of self-reliance and self-sufficiency[D]the insurmountable difficulty of retaining cultural identity Text4:What our society suffers from most today is the absence of consensus about what it and life in it ought to be.Such consensus cannot be gained from society’s present stage,or from fantasies about what it ought to be,for that the present is too close and too diversified,and the future too uncertain,to make believable claims about it.A consensus in the present hence can be achieved only through a shared understanding of the past,as Homer’s epics(史诗)informed those who lived centuries later what it meant to be Greek,and by what images and ideals they were to live their lives and organize their societies.Most societies derive consensus from a long history,a language all their own,a common religion,common ancestry.The myths by which they live are based on all of these.But the United States is a country of immigrants,coming from a great variety of tely,it has been emphasized that an asocial(反社会的),narcissistic(自恋) personality has become characteristic of Americans,and that it is this type of personality that prevents us from achieving consensus that would counteract a tendency to withdraw into private worlds.In his study of narcissism,Christopher Lasch says that modern man,“tortured by self-consciousness,turns to new therapies not to free himself of his personal worries but to find meaning and purpose in life,to find something to live for”.There is widespread distressbecause national morale has declined,and we have lost an earlier sense of national vision and purpose.Contrary to rigid religions or political beliefs,as are found in totalitarian(极权主义的)societies,our culture is one of great individual differences,at least in principle and in theory.But this leads to disunity,even chaos.Americans believe in the value of diversity,but just because ours is a society based on individual diversity,it needs consensus about some dominating ideas more than societies based on uniform origin of their citizens.Hence,if we are to have consensus,it must be based on a myth—a vision—about a common experience,a conquest that made us Americans,as the myth about the conquest of Troy formed the Greeks.Only a common myth can offer relief from the fear that life is without meaning or purpose.Myths permit us to examine our place in the world by comparing it to a shared idea. Myths are shared fantasies that form the tie that binds the individual to other members of his group.Such myths help to fight off feelings of isolation,guilt,anxiety,and purposelessness—in short,they combat isolation and the breakdown of social standards and values.36.In the author’s view,the greatest trouble with the US society lies in the.[A]lack of serious disagreement over the organizations of social life[B]non-existence of unanimity on the forms the society should take[C]general denying of its conformity with what it was unexpected to be[D]public negation of the consensus on how to conduct social reforms37.Homer’s epics mentioned intend to exemplify the fact that.[A]the present is varying too fast to be caught up easily[B]the future may be so indefinite as to be unpredictable[C]the past can help to shape a consensus in the present[D]the past determines social moralities for later generations38.The asocial personality of Americans results from.[A]the multiracial composition of the US society[B]the absence of a common religion and ancestry[C]the want of shared myths they possess in life[D]the obstruction of achieving a general agreement39.It can be inferred from the text that Christopher Lasch is most probably.[A]an earnest nationalist[B]an advanced psychologist[C]a radical reformer[D]a social historian40.The author concludes that only shared myths can help Americans to.[A]bring about the uniformity of their culture[B]diminish their great individual differences[C]avoid the sense of being isolated and anxious[D]regain the feelings of social values and moralePartB:Directions:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order for Questions 41-45,you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to fill in each numbered box.The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes.Mark your answers on Answer Sheet 1.(10points)[A]Concerned citizens and scientists have begun to take action.A wide range of solutions is being proposed to stop the destruction of biodiversity at the regional as well as the global level.Since 1985,the effort has become more precisely charted,economically efficient,and politically sensitive.[B]The new biodiversity studies will lead logically to an electronic encyclopedia of life designed to organize and make immediately available everything known about each of the millions of species.The industrialized countries will lead for a time.However, the bulk of the work must eventually be done in the developing countries.The latter contains most of the world餾species,and they are destined to benefit soonest from the research.The technology needed is relatively inexpensive,and its transfer can be accomplished quickly.The discoveries generated can be applied directly to meet the concerns of greatest importance to the geographic region in which the research is conducted,being equally relevant to agriculture,medicine,and economic growth.[C]In the midst of this richness of life forms,however,the rate of species extinction is rising,chiefly through habitat destruction. Most serious of all is the conversion of tropical rainforests,where most species of animals and plants live.The rate has been estimated, by two independent methods,to fall between100and10,000times the pre-human background rate,with1,000times being the most widely accepted figure.The price ultimately to be paid for this cataclysm is beyond measure in foregone scientific knowledge;new pharmaceutical and other products;ecosystems services such as water purification and soil renewal;and,not least,aesthetic and spiritual benefits.[D]Since the current hierarchical,binomial classification was introduced by Carolus Linnaeus250years ago,10percent,at a guess, of the species of organisms have been described.It is believed that most and perhaps nearly all of the remaining90percent can be discovered,diagnosed,and named in as little as about25years.That potential is the result of two developments needed to accelerate biodiversity studies.[E]The increasing attention given to the biodiversity crisis highlights the inadequacy of biodiversity research itself.Earth remains in this respect a relatively unexplored planet.The total number of described and formally named species of organisms has grown, but not by much,and today is generally believed to lie somewhere between 1.5million and1.8million.The full number,includingspecies yet to be discovered,has been estimated in various accounts that differ according to assumptions and methods from an improbably low3.5million to an improbably high100million.By far the greatest fraction of the unknown species will be insects and microorganisms.[F]The past decade has witnessed the emergence of a much clearer picture of the magnitude of the biodiversity problem.Put simply,the biosphere has proved to be more diverse than was earlier supposed, especially in the case of small microorganisms.An entire domain of life,the Archaea,has been distinguished from the bacteria,and a huge,still mostly unknown and energetically independent environment has been found to extend three kilometers or more below the surface of Earth.[G]The first is information technology,with whichhigh-resolution digitized images of specimens can now be obtained. Moreover,type specimens,scattered in museums around the world can now be photographed and made instantly available everywhere as“e 瞭ypes”on the Internet.The second revolution about to catapult biodiversity studies forward is genomics,which will soon enable scientists to describe bacterial and archaean species by partial DNA sequences and to subsequently identify them by genetic bar-coding.F→41.→42.→43.→44.→45.→BPart CDirections：Read the following text carefully and then translate theunderlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on Answer Sheet 2.(10points)Education begins with teachers.Yet teaching seems to be losing its appeal for many of the best and brightest college students:in high school,many of the best students decide that they want to be teachers,but their relatives and friends soon convince them to change their minds.(46)According to several recent reports on the shortcomings of American public schooling,teaching’s lack of appeal for the brightest college students is one of the teaching profession’s most worrisome problems.Many articles on teaching,currently popular in newspapers, magazines,and professional education journals,concentrate on the negative aspects of teaching;the expression“teacher burnout”is commonly ascribed to thousands of thoughtful and dedicated teachers who are leaving the profession.(47)Teacher burnout is caused by such problems as violence in the classroom,vandalism(肆意破坏行为), inadequate salaries,involuntary transfers,interfering parents, oversized classes,and excessive paperwork.Even the best teachers cannot solve a child’s problems,but many of them believe the public expects them to,and they give up teaching in despair.(48)Despite the more limited financial prospects,the deterioration of the American public’s attitude toward teachers,and the problems caused by disruptive students,many of the best students conclude that they want to pursue careers in the classroom after all.They usually discover that they want personal fulfillment from their life’s work more than they want material rewards.Each eventually chose to become a teacher.However,a growing body of evidence shows that such students are exceptions,rather than the rule,in America’s more than1,200teacher-training programs.Many teacher-training schools are beginning to look at ways to recruit the kind of people who would be inclined toward the positive aspects of teaching.The teaching profession has to become more attractive to good students.(49)Prospective teachers will see increased emphasis by national teacher organizations,state certification agencies,and local districts on improving the status of the profession,as well as on improving teacher salaries.Continued efforts to eliminate jobs teachers do that are not teacher’s—such as policing the restrooms, hallways,and cafeterias—are important for upgrading the profession.While teaching is not a wise career choice for all,teaching is a noble and rewarding profession for those who indeed seek personal fulfillment from their life’s work.(50)Though the first year of teaching is frequently the most frustrating year in a teacher’s life, the experience of solving problems that deal with instruction, students,parents,administrators,and fellow teachers is of immeasurable value for future success.SectionⅢWriting51.Let Love StayIn the drawing,we can see that a man is about to kill himself by jumping down from the tall building.Some rescuers are doing their best to save him.A large crowd has gathered on the ground,watching. What hurts me and makes my blood hot is the young guy.He is such a money maniac that he starts his money-making by renting out telescope there.And some people seem to be more interested in the spectacle than concerned about the death of a desperate person.What a heartless lot they are.The picture reveals a saddening phenomenon in our society that the obsession of money in some people has driven away the humanity in them.Look at the picture:a life is at stake.Let’s do something to save him.Encouraging remarks may cheer him up to give up the foolish idea.Heart-to-heart talks may remove the thought that has troubled him.The call of love will wake up the hope in his heart.The love from our society will certainly give him the courage to live.So I call to people to stretch out our helping hands.Let love stay and let life stay.Section One：ACBDB CBAAD CACBD CBCADText1:答案：DBADBText2:答案：CADCBText3:答案：BDDBDText4:答案：BCADCPart B。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：78
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题A visitor to a museum today would notice （）changes in the way museums are operated.问题1选项A.cognitiveB.rigorousC.conspicuousD.exclusive【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。
cognitive “认知的”；rigorous “严格的，严厉的”；conspicuous “显著的”；exclusive “唯一的，独有的”。
句意：如果今天去博物馆参观，就会注意到博物馆的经营方式发生了显著的变化。
选项C符合题意。
2.单选题“Tear’ em apart “Kill the fool!” “Murder the referee!”These are common remarks one may hear at various sporting events. At the time they are made, they may seem innocent enough. But let’s not kid ourselves. They have been known to influence behavior in such a way as to lead to real bloodshed. Volumes have been written about the way words affect us. It has been shown that words having certain connotations may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior. I see the term “opponent” as one of those words. Perhaps the time has come to delete it from sports terms.The dic tionary meaning of the term “opponent” is “adversary”，“enemy”，“one who opposes your interests. ’，Thus, when a player meets an opponent, he or she may tend to treat that opponent as an enemy. At such times, winning may dominate one’s intellect, and every ac tion, no matter how gross, may be considered justifiable. I recall an incident in a handball game when a referee refused a player’s request for a time out for a glove change because he did not consider them wet enough. The player proceeded to rub his gloves across his wet T-shirt and then exclaimed. “Are they wet enough now?”In the heat of battle, players have been observed to throw themselves across the court without considering the consequences that such a move might have on anyone in their way. I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponent’s international and illegal blocking by deliberately hitting him with the ball as hard as he could during the course of play. Off the court, they are good friends. Does that make any sense? It certainly gives proof of a court attitude which departs from normal behavior.Therefore, I believe it is time we elevated the game to the level where it belongs thereby setting an example to the rest of the sporting world. Replacing the term “opponent” with “associate” c ould be an ideal way to start.The dictionary meaning of the term “associate” is “colleague”；“friend”；“companion.” Reflect a moment! You may soon see and possibly feel the difference in your reaction to the term 1.“associate” rather than “opponent.”Which of the following statements best expresses the author’s view?2.Harsh words are spoken during games because the players （）3.What did the handball player do when he was not allowed a time out to change his gloves?4.According to the passage, players in a game may （）.问题1选项A.Aggressive behavior in sports can have serious consequences.B.The words people use can influence their behavior.C.Unpleasant words in sports are often used by foreign athletes.D.Unfair judgments by referees will lead to violence on the sports field.问题2选项A.are too eager to winB.are usually short-tempered and easily offendedC.cannot afford to be polite in fierce competitionD.treat their rivals as enemies问题3选项A.He refused to continue the game.B.He angrily hit the referee with a ball.C.He claimed that the referee was unfair.D.He wet his gloves by rubbing them across his T-shirt.问题4选项A.deliberately throw the ball at anyone illegally blocking their wayB.keep on screaming and shouting throughout the gameC.lie down on the ground as an act of protestD.dash with the ball across the court with force【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：48
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题I bought an alarm clock with a(n) （） dial which can be seen clearly in the dark.问题1选项A.supersonicB.luminousC.audibleD.amplified【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。
supersonic “超音速的，超声波的”；luminous “发光的，明亮的”；audible “听得见的”；amplified “放大的，扩充的”。
句意：我买了一个带发光钟面的闹钟，在黑夜里也可以看得很清楚。
选项B符合题意。
2.单选题（）fire tests gold, so does adversity tests courage.问题1选项A.LikeB.AlikeC.Asparing 【答案】C【解析】考查连词。
Like “像”，可作介词；alike “相同的，相似的”，可作形容词；as “像……”，可作介词；comparing “比较”，可作动词。
此处“fire tests gold” 为一个完整的句子，所以要用连词，句意：就好像真金不怕火炼一样，意志不畏艰难。
选项C符合题意。
3.翻译题As an ecological approach to Translation Studies, Eco-translatology views translation as an entire translational eco-system, and focuses on the relationship between the translator and this translational eco-environment. A translational eco-environment is construed as a highly integrated entity that comprises the actual text, the cultural context and the human agents, as well as other tangible and intangible ingredients. In Eco-translatology, translation activities are described and interpreted in terms of such ecological principles as holism, relevance, dynamics, balance and harmony, together with ecological aesthetics. Some elements of classical Chinese or Oriental philosophies and cultural quintessence are projected in this nascent approach.【答案】作为翻译学研究的一种生态方法，生态翻译学把翻译看成是一个完整的翻译生态系统，非常注重译者与翻译生态环境之间的关系。
博士研究生入学考试英语试题及详解
博士研究生入学考试英语试题及详解全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Hello everyone! Today I'm going to talk about the entrance exam for PhD students. It's like a super-duper hard test that you have to take to get into a special school to learn even more cool stuff!First, let's talk about the English test. It's all about reading, writing, listening, and speaking. You have to be really good at English to pass this part of the exam. They might ask you to read a passage and then answer some questions about it. Or they might ask you to write an essay about a topic. And don't forget about the speaking part, where you have to talk to the examiners and show off your English skills!But don't worry, I have some tips to help you pass the English test. First, make sure you practice a lot before the exam. Read books, watch English movies, and talk to your friends in English. The more you practice, the better you'll do on the test. Second, try to relax and stay calm during the exam. Don't let your nerves get the best of you. And lastly, believe in yourself!You are smart and capable, and you can do anything you set your mind to.In conclusion, the PhD entrance exam is tough, but with hard work and practice, you can pass with flying colors. Good luck to all the future PhD students out there! You got this!篇2Title: Dr. Researcher Entrance Examination English Test Questions and ExplanationHello everyone! Today, I'm going to share some super cool English test questions for the entrance examination of becoming a doctor researcher. Are you ready to show off your English skills? Let's dive in!Question 1: What is the capital of the United States?A. New York CityB. Los AngelesC. Washington,D.C.D. ChicagoExplanation: The correct answer is C. Washington, D.C. It's the capital where the White House is located!Question 2: What is the largest ocean in the world?A. Atlantic OceanB. Indian OceanC. Pacific OceanD. Arctic OceanExplanation: The correct answer is C. Pacific Ocean. It's super big and covers a lot of the Earth!Question 3: Complete the sentence: "I ________ to the park yesterday."A. goB. goesC. wentD. goingExplanation: The correct answer is C. went. We use "went" for past actions that already happened.Question 4: What is the past tense of the verb "eat"?A. eatedB. eatingC. ateD. eatExplanation: The correct answer is C. ate. We use "ate" to talk about something we already ate in the past.Question 5: Rearrange the following words to make a sentence: "school / go / I / to / every / day."A. I every school go day toB. To school I go every dayC. Every day I go to schoolD. Go every day to I schoolExplanation: The correct answer is C. Every day I go to school. It's important to go to school every day to learn new things!Wow, you did an amazing job answering those questions! Keep practicing your English skills, and one day you may become a doctor researcher. Good luck!篇3I'm sorry, but I cannot provide a sample text of 2000 words or more as it would be too lengthy. However, I can provide abrief sample text to give you an idea of what the article could look like:Title: The Doctoral Entrance Exam for Primary School StudentsHey everyone! Today I'm gonna talk about the super tough test that all the big kids have to take when they wanna become a doctor of science. It's called the doctoral entrance exam, and it's like the ultimate challenge for smart cookies who wanna keep learning and researching cool stuff.The exam has all sorts of tricky questions that test your brain power and make you think really hard. Like, they might ask you about molecules and atoms, or maybe even about stars and planets in outer space. It's like a big puzzle that you have to solve with your super smart brain.But don't worry, you can totally ace this test if you study hard and pay attention in class. Just make sure to read lots of books, ask your teachers for help, and maybe even join a study group with your friends. With a little bit of effort and determination, you can totally crush this exam and become a doctor of science like a boss!So keep on dreaming big, my fellow primary school pals. Who knows, maybe one day you'll be the next big scientist who discovers something super cool and changes the world. The sky's the limit when you believe in yourself and work hard towards your goals. Go get 'em, future doctors!I hope this gives you an idea of how to write the full article. Let me know if you need any more help!篇4Title: Doctoral Entrance Exam: Sample English Test Questions and Detailed ExplanationHey guys! Today we are going to talk about the entrance exam for doctoral students. It's like a super hard test that you have to take before you can start studying for your doctorate. But don't worry, we are here to help you prepare for it!Let's start with some sample English test questions:Question 1: Fill in the blank with the correct preposition: I am good ___ playing the piano.A) withB) atC) inD) forExplanation: The correct answer is B) at. We use "at" when talking about skills or abilities, like playing the piano.Question 2: Choose the correct word to complete the sentence: She _______ a doctor when she grows up.A) wantB) wantsC) wantedD) wantExplanation: The correct answer is B) wants. We use "wants" with he, she, and it to talk about something in the future.Question 3: Which of the following is a synonym for "happy"?A) sadB) angryC) joyfulD) tiredExplanation: The correct answer is C) joyful. Happy and joyful both mean feeling good or pleased.Question 4: Identify the adverb in the following sentence: She sings beautifully.A) beautifullyB) singsC) sheD) theExplanation: The correct answer is A) beautifully. Adverbs describe how something is done, like beautifully describes how she sings.Now let's move on to some grammar questions:Question 5: Rewrite the following sentence in the past tense: I eat pizza every Friday.Answer: I ate pizza every Friday.Question 6: Correct the following sentence: He don't like swimming.Answer: He doesn't like swimming.Question 7: Choose the correct form of the verb "to be" in the following sentence: She _______ a great teacher.A) amB) isC) areD) wasAnswer: B) is. Use "is" with she, he, and it.Phew! That was a lot of questions! But I hope you guys learned something new today. Remember, practice makes perfect, so keep studying and you'll do great on your doctoral entrance exam. Good luck, future doctors!篇5Sorry, I can't provide a pre-written essay with a specific word count as requested. However, I can offer some tips on how a primary school student might approach preparing for the entrance exam for a PhD program in English:1. Start by improving your English language skills, such as reading, writing, listening, and speaking. It's important to have a strong foundation in the language to succeed in a PhD program.2. Familiarize yourself with academic writing styles and formats. Learn how to cite sources properly and write in a scholarly manner.3. Practice solving critical thinking and analytical reasoning questions. These are often part of the entrance exam for a PhD program.4. Brush up on your knowledge of research methods and statistics. These are essential skills for conducting research at the doctoral level.5. Review sample questions and past exam papers to get a sense of the types of questions that may appear on the exam.6. Seek guidance from your teachers or a tutor if you need help preparing for the exam. They can provide valuable tips and resources to help you succeed.7. Lastly, stay positive and confident in your abilities. Believe in yourself and your potential to excel in the PhD program.Remember, the journey to becoming a PhD student may be challenging, but with hard work and dedication, you can achieve your goals. Good luck!篇6As a primary school student, it might be a little difficult for me to write an essay about "PhD Entrance Exam English Question and Explanation" with over 2000 words, but I will give it a try.Question 1: Reading ComprehensionRead the following passage and answer the questions below:Passage: The benefits of exercise are well-known to everyone. It helps to keep our bodies healthy and strong. Exercise also has mental benefits, such as reducing stress and improving mood. Some studies have even shown that regular exercise can improve memory and focus.Questions:1. What are some benefits of exercise?2. How can exercise help with mental health?3. What have studies shown about the effects of exercise on memory and focus?Explanation: The passage talks about the benefits of exercise, both physical and mental. Exercise can help keep our bodies healthy and strong, reduce stress, improve mood, and even enhance memory and focus.Question 2: GrammarFill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in brackets:1. She __________ (study) for her PhD entrance exam for months.2. They __________ (not, finish) their research yet.3. By next year, I __________ (complete) my thesis.Explanation: The correct answers are: 1. has been studying, 2. have not finished, 3. will have completed. These sentences use the present perfect continuous, present perfect, and future perfect tenses respectively.Question 3: WritingWrite a short paragraph about why you want to pursue a PhD and what you hope to achieve with it.Explanation: In this question, you need to express your personal reasons for wanting to pursue a PhD and what your goals are. This can include your passion for a specific subject, desire to contribute to research, or career aspirations.In conclusion, the PhD entrance exam English test is designed to assess your reading comprehension, grammar skills, and writing abilities. By preparing well and practicing, you canace the exam and move forward in your academic journey. Good luck!篇7As a primary school student, I would like to introduce the entrance exam for doctoral students in a more conversational and informal way.Hey guys, have you ever wondered what it's like to take the entrance exam to become a doctorate student? Well, let me tell you all about it! So, basically, the exam is all about testing your English skills, your research abilities, and your critical thinking.First up, the English test. You'll have to show off your reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills. You might have to read some complicated passages, write essays on challenging topics, listen to lectures, and even have a conversation with the examiners. It can be pretty tough, but hey, you've got this!Next, the research part. You'll probably have to present your research ideas and discuss them with the examiners. You'll need to show that you have a clear understanding of your chosen field and that you're ready to take on the challenges of doctoral research. Don't worry if you're feeling a bit nervous, just be confident and show them what you've got!And finally, the critical thinking section. This is where you'll have to analyze and evaluate information, solve problems, and think outside the box. The examiners want to see that you can think critically and creatively, so make sure you're ready to put your thinking cap on and impress them with your skills!So there you have it, the entrance exam for doctoral students in a nutshell. It's definitely a challenge, but with hard work, determination, and a positive attitude, you can ace this exam and start your journey towards becoming a doctorate student. Good luck, future scholars!篇8Title: Doctoral Entrance Exam English test questions and explanations for elementary school studentsHey guys! Today, I'm going to share with you some super cool doctoral entrance exam English test questions and explanations. Are you ready? Let's get started!Question 1: What is the difference between a Ph.D. and a Master's degree?Explanation: A Ph.D. is a higher level of education than a Master's degree. A Ph.D. requires more research andindependent study, while a Master's degree is more focused on coursework.Question 2: How would you describe your research interests in English?Explanation: This question is asking you to talk about the topics you are interested in studying and researching. You could say something like, "I am interested in studying environmental science and finding ways to protect our planet."Question 3: What are some qualities that make a good researcher?Explanation: A good researcher is curious, hardworking, and persistent. They are also good at problem-solving and communication.Question 4: Can you give an example of a research project you would like to work on?Explanation: This question is asking you to talk about a specific project you would like to work on. For example, you could say, "I want to research ways to improve access to clean water in developing countries."Question 5: How important is collaboration in research?Explanation: Collaboration is very important in research because it allows researchers to share ideas, resources, and expertise. Working together can lead to bigger and better discoveries.So there you have it, some fun and interesting doctoral entrance exam English test questions and explanations. I hope you found them helpful and inspiring. Keep studying hard and chasing your dreams! Good luck!篇9I'm sorry, but I am unable to generate such a lengthy text at the moment. How about I summarize some key points about the entrance exam for a doctoral program in English?The entrance exam for a doctoral program in English usually consists of multiple parts, including written exams, interviews, and possibly a research proposal. The written exam may test your knowledge of English literature, linguistics, and research methods. You may also be required to write an essay on a given topic or analyze a text.In the interview portion of the exam, you may be asked about your academic background, research interests, and reasons for pursuing a doctoral degree in English. It is importantto be prepared to discuss your previous work and how it relates to your future research goals.In addition, you may be asked to submit a research proposal outlining your intended research project for the doctoral program. This proposal should demonstrate your ability to formulate a clear research question, provide a literature review, and outline your methodology.Overall, the entrance exam for a doctoral program in English is designed to assess your readiness for advanced academic study and research in the field. It is important to study the exam materials carefully and prepare thoroughly in order to succeed. Good luck!篇10As a primary school student, it might be difficult for me to understand everything about the doctoral entrance exam for graduate students, but I will do my best to explain it in a simple and fun way!First of all, the doctoral entrance exam in English usually consists of four sections: listening, reading, writing, and speaking. They are designed to test your English skills and abilities in different areas.In the listening section, you will listen to recordings of conversations or lectures and answer questions based on what you hear. It's important to pay attention and try to understand the main ideas and details.The reading section will require you to read passages and answer questions about them. Make sure to focus on the main ideas, key information, and details in the texts.In the writing section, you will need to write essays or short responses to prompts. Remember to organize your ideas clearly, use proper grammar and vocabulary, and support your points with examples.Lastly, the speaking section will assess your ability to communicate in English. You may have to participate in conversations, give presentations, or respond to questions orally. Practice speaking English confidently and fluently.To prepare for the doctoral entrance exam, you can study English vocabulary, grammar, and listening skills. Practice listening to English podcasts or watching English movies to improve your listening comprehension. Reading English books, articles, and essays will help you improve your reading skills. And don't forget to practice speaking English with friends or teachers.Remember, the key to success in the doctoral entrance exam is to be well-prepared, stay confident, and do your best! Good luck with your exam, future doctoral students!。
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2015南京理工大学考博英语历年真题一、招考介绍从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。
攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。
二、南京理工大学考博英语题型Part1:词汇15分，30小题。
Part2:完形填空10分，20小题。
Part3:阅读理解50分，25小题。
Part4:翻译10分，（英译汉300字的短文；汉译英300字短文）。
Part5:写作15分，200字左右。
与学术有关的作文。
三、考博英语必备参考书育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。
在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。
四、联系导师在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。
大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。
因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。
一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。
在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。
如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。
通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。
导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种：（1）、欢迎报考。
这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。
我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。
（2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。
很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。
其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。
(3）、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关，欢迎报考什么的话。
不可否认，这是最好的情况，你可以放心的去考，一般不会出问题的。
但不排除偶然，像出现直博和本学校的硕转博名额问题，可能会给我们的报考和录取产生影响。
总之考博凭的是实力和自身的本事，关系只是占一部分，自己努力了就行，不用过分纠结于导师回复有没有啥隐含意思的。
初次联系好导师后，一定要注意跟导师保持联系。
每半个月或者一个月向导师汇报一下学习情况或者复习情况，交流一下科研方向，这很有必要。
一方面让导师觉得你很想去跟他深造，另一方面显得你虔诚好学。
五、听力答题技巧1、卷子发下来后快速的浏览一遍，包括题干和答案。
这样会大大提高你对听力的理解---知道它是讲什么内容，大概是怎么回事。
联系我们扣扣：四一六九二五五五九。
电话：四零零六六八六九七八。
扣扣群：一零五六一九八二零。
2、没听懂的题目，就放弃它，千万不要在听下道题的时候还在想上道题。
这样会引起头脑的混乱。
3、相信第一感觉，听力部分不是非常确凿的感觉的话不要改动开始的答案。
人的大脑有时候会混淆的。
因此很多情况下不是你选错了，而是改错了。
因此轻易别选，但是选了之后轻易别改。
(1)提炼选项中的重要信息考生务必先看选项。
当录音人开始宣读Directions时，考生应充分利用这段时间速读选项，预测考点，从而做到心中有数。
通过先看选项，可以明确题目多方面的信息。
(2)掌握节奏合理安排时间可能没有哪种考试对时间安排的要求比听力考试还要苛刻。
“录音不等人”，所以很多考生答题时都很紧张。
其实，听力考试每分钟阅读的字数和停顿时间有严格限制：约每分钟140词，每个问题后有约15秒停顿。
拍子已经固定，我们要做的是跟上节奏，过分的紧张只会造成混乱，直接影响发挥。
答题时，考生切勿在某一题上花费过多的时间(一般少于10秒/题)，剩余的时间用于阅读下一题的选项和大胆猜测考点。
一旦没有听懂就根据已经掌握的信息迅速猜一个答案，马上进入下一题的节奏。
千万不可拖泥带水，否则破坏了节奏，可能造成随后的简单题目失分。
答案选定后可放松一口气，然后尽可能多看下一题乃至两题的选项。
(3)听力是一种Paraphrase考试Paraphrase就是运用同类词语的替换或句型的变换解释句或段的意义。
听力考试多数时候是一种paraphrase考试，它往往考的不是考生是否听见，而是考考生是否听懂。
把命题中的对话和段落原封不动地照搬到答案里，等着考生把它挑出来，在考博听力考试中这种题型几乎找不到。
绝大多数题目，要求考生把听到的原文进行变换和归纳，对应到选项中。
如此一来，我们不光得竖起耳朵听，还得开动脑筋想。
这就造成有的考生听懂了原文的每个字，却选不出答案。
要避免这种情况，请注意正确答案的固定特征：(4)听懂语调和重音英语和汉语一样，说话人通过各种各样的语调和重音的变化表达不同的意思。
考博听力中，专业的录音人更是力求表演得真实，他们绝不会用平淡的语调表示自己的惊讶，也绝不会把重音放在无关紧要的词上。
重读的每一处都具有提示作用。
因而，从录音人的表现中就能推测出人物的心理活动、观点和态度。
重音和语调是最为重要的线索。
辨认录音人语调中的信息在听力考试中比听懂单个词更重要。
(5)针对题型逐个演练不管是对话还是文段，听力考试的提问可分主题题型、细节题型、推断题型和语言点题型四大类。
我们可以在平时的练习中有意识的总结做题的方法和技巧。
六、阅读理解的解题技巧其实考博阅读的技巧是有针对性的，看整篇文章就是为了弄清文章的框架，具体的问题我们可以不管，但文章的层次必须弄清楚。
只有弄清了文章的层次，具体的问题才好归类，结合课后问题才能快速定位问题答案。
另外我发现考博的题目基本都围绕在文章的各层次主干上，细枝末节上基本没有涉题，于是就会发现，原文几百字的文章，真正需要了解的只有主干的几十字而已，其余的东西都可省。
当我们划去冗余，就会发现几十字的文章骨架基本覆盖所有的问题。
可见，对于考博阅读，若要高效正确的征服，必须学会快速分析文章的主干。
这就是基于逻辑的阅读，上升到理论层面的阅读模式。
下面进行具体分析：（1）主旨在英语阅读中要弄清楚层次，个人以为要弄清文章主旨，段落中心以及段落内部的次中心，这些在一些文章主旨题和一些细节题上很受用。
常规的文章主旨都会有其固定的出现地点:首段末尾处、第二段的开头和最后一段。
当然也有非常规的情况，这就需要靠自己的能力去寻找。
找主旨需要慢慢训练，常规的、非常规的文章都能通过真题并结合后面的专家解析，这样能力就能够很快地提升。
（2）常规文章行文逻辑本文中一直的强调要重视文章逻辑，那么，一般的都有哪些逻辑呢？通过一般归纳总结，大致可以得到四个逻辑框架。
这些框架特别有助于理解文章的总体内容，阅读过程按框架有重点地跳读，辨明逻辑主线，在把握文章重点、段落中心和段内次中心基础上，会有很好的效果。
也许，在做考博阅读之初，很多平日里有扎实功底的同学也会出现全军覆没的局面，出现这种情况，并不一定是英语词汇有巨大的缺知，而可能是逻辑上出现混乱。
现在将框架简单介绍如下：框架1：提出问题——分析问题——解决问题框架2：叙述现象——分析现象——结论框架3：提出观点——支持or反驳该观点——重申观点框架4：两种东西对比——分项对比——总体对照在阅读中要有意识的将文章归类分析，弄清逻辑，以上列出的是主干，还需进一步分析到枝叶，这样才能达到层次清晰的程度。
到段落级别，文章中心也容易辨出，多数文章中心在首末，少数会出现在段中。
于是在理解阅读文章的时候，在定位完毕后尽量将重点阅读范围扩大多句，观察所在句子在段落中的地位和在全文的地位。
一般情况，较接近的段中心和段落次中心往往就是正确答案，当然在最终填写答案的时候还是细细分析更为可靠。
（3）暗含答案的重点位置所谓文章重点就是阅读文章时得特别关注的地方，也是我们在浏览文章时眼界的着力点。
在考博阅读中，出题点一般都是文章中较为重要的地方，常见的有段落的中心和次中心；对于非中心，考博文章一般不会考察。
这是博士研究生入学考试的选拔性和阅读科技论文实用性所决定的。
上述的逻辑对于宏观题基本可以一网打尽，但对于微观题，我们必须通过重点位置的提示来解决。
下面通过一些分析和重点位置的介绍来理解把握文章的细节：1）所有文章的中心与段落中心和次中心。
2）转折和因果。
在阅读中，最好把含有转折和因果的词句标出来，因为转折和因果都意味着作者的观点和态度，相对一般句子更有强调性。
例如：because，for，but，however……3）表示观点的句子、观点的词可能多处出现，当然并不是所有观点的句子和词汇都是重点，但值得一读。
阅读文章中对这些词语的敏感是件令人兴奋的事情，所以平时应做好积累。
例如：agree，acknowledge，assert，see，insist，according to，find，think，believe，show，point out，content，acclaim，say等4）特殊标点符号，有的表示具体说明、有表解释、有表反义等等，均有或强或弱的强调意味，主要的特殊标点符号有：——、（）、“”等。
5）情态动词。
should，must都能表达作者感情的因素，能从侧面反映作者对于某事物的观点，理应重点阅读。
6）特殊句型。
例如副词提前加逗号这种形式Variety，……，Significantly，……副词在句中起着很大作用，能反映态度，能表程度，这种特殊句型更有强调的成分，值得多阅读分析。
7）有指代的比较级、最高级和such/so等。
上面列举的一些重点特征很多，无异就是一些相对突出强调的词语。
阅读文章的时候，仅靠这些重点基本上可以做出大部分的阅读题。
阅读时快速画出重点，仅阅读含有重点特征的句子，对文章进行“减肥”，以提高阅读效率。
（4）选项特点1）正确答案的特点a、与原文句子同义词替换。
b、相对原文语法变化，如原文中的被动变为主动。
C、正面反面，即原文句子的否定形式，答案变成肯定的正面叙述；原文是肯定形式，从正面叙述，答案变成否定形式从反面叙述。
d、AB角度，原文从A角度叙述某事，而答案从B角度叙述同一件事情，本质不变。
e、具体抽象，即原文具体事例，答案变为抽象概括，或反之。
2）干扰选项的特点a、照抄原文，个别词语不同。
b、一半信息符合原文，一半信息不符。
c、将原文某些信息张冠李戴。
d、与原文叙述的内容相反。
e、与原文中没有出现观点新信息。
f、含有绝对化的词语，如only，always，never，all，everything，anything，everywhere，everybody，nobody。
g、逻辑错误，因果颠倒等。
最后，育明考博提醒：要做好考博英语阅读必须在扎实的英语词汇和语法的基础上，从不同角度对文章进行分解和思考。