昆明理工大学地质类研究生复试笔试专业英语翻译复习资料

一、英译汉（30）

沉积岩的特征性质是由各种物理、化学和生物过程的共同作用产生的，这些过程组成了沉积旋回。风化、侵蚀、沉积物搬运、沉积和成岩作用以某种方式形成了最后沉积岩产物。沉积过程和条件,共同构成了沉积环境并在决定纹理、结构、层理特征,地层沉积岩的特征方面扮演主要的角色。沉积过程与岩性之间的继承关系提供了一个工具来为了怎样解释古沉积环境。

Weatheringerosion, sediment transport, deposition, and diagenesi s all leave their impress in some way on the final sedimen tary rock product. it is the sedimentary processes and con ditions that collectively constitute the depositional environme nt and play the primary role in determining textures, struct ures, bedding features, and stratigraphic characteristic of se dimentary rocks. This close genetic relationship between depo sitional processes and rock properties provides a potentially powerful tool for interpreting ancient depositional environme nts.

二、英译汉

1.A mineral is a naturally occurring,inorganic,crystalline solid,with a narrowly defined chemical composition and characteristic physical properties. Most minerals are chemical compounds.Ofcourse there are exceptions,such as gold,copper,sulphur,and carbon,which may occur as elements by themselves as well as in chemical compound ds.Physical properties are the things we can see ,feel,or,for such minerals as halite,taste.Truly enough,the chemical composition is possibly the most diagnostic propery a mineral possesses,but few of us are going to pack along a fully equipped chemical laboratory to be used for mineral identificantion on a field trip.(20分)

2.Ore is a mineral or an aggregate of minerals from which a valuable constituent,especislly a metal,can be profitably mined or extracted.In fact,it is usually considered that,unless a mineral shows enough concentration to repay working,it is not an ore deposit.Geologists classify mineral deposits in many different ways,according

to:1)commodity being mined;2)tectonic setting in which the deposit occurs;3)geological setting of the ore deposit;4)genetic model for the origin of the ore deposit.

3.Where and when does the history or the Earth begin?Centainly one good point at which to srt is the time when the rmitcrials that were to become the Earth became separated in space from materials that were to become other members of the solar system.

4.Rounding is the grinding away of sharp edges and corners of rock fragments during transportation. Rounding occurs in sand and gravel as rivers, gtaciers. or waves cause particles to hit and scrape agamst one another or against a rock surface. such as a rocky stream bed. Boulders in a stream may show substantial rounding in less than one mile of travel.

Sorting is a process in which sedimemt grains are selected and separated according to grain size. Because of its high viscosity and manner of flow,a glacier does not sort the sediment it carries. Glaciers deposit all sediment sizes in the same place,so glacial sediment is usually an unsorted mixture of clay,silt,sand,and gravel.