第三章 词汇翻译(3)

6）英语用some... and others... (some..., others...)连 用的句子，译成汉语时主语往往是谓语重复形式 的“的”字结构，有时也可以用“有的...，有的 ...”或者“一些...，一些....”的句式。 • Some have entered college and others have gone to the countryside. 上大学的，上大学了；下乡的，下乡了。 • Some played football and others played basketball. 踢足球的，踢足球去了；打篮球的，打篮球去了。
(4) 其他重复法
• Please wait a moment. 请等一等。 • He was proficient both as a flyer and as a navigator. 他既精于飞行，又擅于导航。
Exercise: 1. They wanted to determine if he complied with the terms of his employment and his obligations as an American. 他们想要确定，他是否履行了受雇条件，是否履行了作 为美国公民所应尽的职责。 2. I have experienced oxygen and /or engine trouble. 我曾碰到过，不是氧气设备出故障，就是引擎出故障， 或两者都出故障。 3. They would be very reluctant to postpone or cancel the meeting. 他们不太愿意推迟这个会议或者取消这个会议。 4. Jesse opened his eyes. They were filled with tears. 杰西睁开眼睛，眼里充满了泪水。 5. Wherever there is matter, there is motion. 哪里有物质，哪里就有运动。 6. We’ll come to see you again whenever we have time. 我们什么时候有时间，就什么时候再来看你。
省略法
1. 从语法角度来看 2. 从修辞角度来看
1. 从语法角度来看
(1) 省略代词 (2) 省略连接词 (3) 省略冠词 (4) 省略介词 (5) 省略动词 (6) 同位语的省译
(1) 省略代词 1) 省略作主语的人称代词 • I had many wonderful ideas, but I only put a few into practice.
2) 英语句子中动词后有介词时，在第二次或者第三 次往往只用介词而省略动词，在汉语译文中则要 重复动词以代替英语中重复的介词。 • We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other—of everything. 我们谈到自己，谈到前途，谈到旅程，谈到天气， 谈到彼此的情况——谈到一切事情。
她的黑发散乱地飘佛在宽阔的前额上，脸是短短 的。上唇也是短短的，露出一排闪亮的牙齿， 眉毛又直又黑，睫毛又长又黑，鼻子笔直。
4）代词it的省略 • Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs. 外面一团漆黑，大雨倾盆。 • He glanced at his watch; it was 7:15. 他一看表，七点一刻了。 • It is the people who are really powerful. 人民才是最强大的。
第三章 词汇翻译 （3）
主要内容
• 重复法 • 省略法
Байду номын сангаас 重复法
1. 重复法的使用目的 2. 使用重复法的几种情况
1. 重复法的使用目的
(1) 为了使译文明确具体而重复 (2) 为了强调而重复 (3) 为了使译文生动流畅而重复
（1）为了使译文明确具体而重复 1) We like blue less than red but more than green or yellow.
(2) 省略连接词 1)省略并列连接词 • He looked gloomy and troubled. 他看上去有些忧愁不安。 • Ancient people got up at sunrise and went to bed at sunset. 古人日出而作，日落而息。
2)省略从属连接词 • As it is late, you had better go home. 时间不早了，你最好回家去吧。 • Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。 • Unless there is motion, there is no work. 没有运动，也就没有功。 • Never get on or off the bus before it comes to a standstill. 车未停稳，切勿上下。
2) 省略作宾语的代词 • The more he tried to hide his mistakes, the more he revealed them.
他越是想要掩盖他的错误，就越是容易暴 露。 • Please take off the old picture and throw it away. 请把那张旧画取下来扔掉。
（3）为了使译文生动流畅而重复 1) Eating and drinking, he has passed through his life. 他吃吃喝喝地过了一生。 2) When he was introduced to the famous actress, he was so nervous that he was tongue-tied. 当他被介绍给那位著名女演员时竟紧张得张口结 舌，哑口无言。 3) The stamp collector is said to have a unique stamp. 据说那位集邮者有一张独一无二的邮票。 4) We loved each other tenderly. 我们俩人相亲相爱。
厨子的脸色变得苍白，叫女仆去把门关上 ，女仆叫布拉特尔去关，布拉特尔又叫 补锅匠去关，而补锅匠装做没听见。
4）重复以-ever结尾的连接代词或连接副 词，以示强调 • I’ll take whoever wants to go. 谁想去，我就带谁去。 • You may take whichever will interest you best. 哪一个你最感兴趣，你就可以拿哪一个。
(2) 重复名词 1) 重复作宾语的名词 • We must do our best to develop the students’ ability to analyze and solve problems. 我们必须尽力培养学生分析问题和解决问 题的能力。 • Operators should inspect and oil their machines before work. 操作人员在操作前应当检查机器，并给机 器加油润滑。
2. 使用重复法的几种情况
(1) 重复动词 (2) 重复名词 (3) 重复代词所替代的内容 (4) 其他重复法
(1) 重复动词 1) 英语句子常用一个动词连接几个宾语或表语，在 译文中往往要重复这个动词。 • Is he a friend or an enemy? 他是个朋友呢，还是个敌人？ • Light travels more quickly than sound does. 光传播的速度要比声音传播的速度快得多。
3) 省略物主代词 • I put my hand into my pocket. 我把手放进口袋。 • Her dark hair waved untidy across her forehead, her face was short, her upper lip short, showing a glint of teeth, her brows were straight and dark, her lashes long and dark, her nose straight.
我有很多美妙的想法，但是只把少数付诸实 践了。 • He knows he’s too tired to read, and he’s just wasting time. 他知道自己太累，读不下去了，完全是在浪 费时间。
省略泛指的人称代词 • We live and learn. 活到老，学到老。 • When will he arrive?—You can never tell. 他什么时候到？——说不准。
2）重复物主代词its, his, their等替代的作主 语的名词 • Big families had their own difficulties. 大家庭有大家庭的难处。 • Ours is an old country. 我们的国家是一个古老的国家。
3）重复关系代词替代的先行词 • The cook turned pale, and asked the housemaid to shut the door, who asked Brittles, who asked the tinker, who pretended not to hear.
(3) 重复代词替代的内容 1）重复代词替代的名词 • There is air all around us although we cannot see it. 虽然我们看不见空气，但我们周围都是空气。 • But everywhere men feel a compulsion to pit their strength against the sea, to explore it and wander about on it, to use it for their own ends and wrest its wealth from it. 但是各地的人们都感受到一种与大海抗争，去探 索大海，漫游大海，利用大海达到自己的目 的并从大海中夺取财富的不由自主的欲望。
5）重复代词one (复数 ones), that(复数 those)所指内容 • I have two blue shirts and three white ones. 我有两件蓝色的衬衣和三件白色的衬衣。 • About 65 million years ago the dinosaurs just disappeared. What could have caused that? 大约6500万年前恐龙就消失了。是什么原 因导致恐龙消失的呢？
2）重复英语中作表语的名词 • This has been our position—but not theirs. 这一直是我们的立场——而不是他们的立 场。 • John is your friend as much as he is mine. 约翰既是你的朋友，又是我的朋友。
3）重复英语中介词短语前省略的名词 • The doctor will get more practice out of me than out of seventeen hundred ordinary patients. 医生从我身上得到的实践，比从一千七百 个普通病人身上得到的实践还多。
我们更喜欢红色而不那么喜欢蓝色，但比 起绿色或黄色来又较喜欢蓝色。 2) Mr. Jarden was playing for high stakes, but so was Mr. Marcus. 贾登先生的赌注下得很大，马库斯先生的 赌注也不小。
（2）为了强调而重复 1) Be polite, above all, to old people. 要有礼貌，尤其是对老年人要有礼貌。 2) Do whatever you please. 你喜欢做什么就做什么吧。