高考-动词知识点梳理

第八讲动词和动词词组

思维导图:

动词考点：时态，语态，非谓语动词，主谓一致

动词的分类: 实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词的用法

动词的分类：

实义动词、助动词、系动词、情态动词

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动词的基本形式：

动词原形、第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词、现在分词

动词的用法：

1. 实义动词的用法：

及物动词带宾语，有被动语态

不及物动词不带宾语，没有被动语态

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1）及物动词

及物动词可以有一个或两个（直接和间接）宾语，或者复合宾语（接一个宾语的同时再接一个补语）

①常见的跟单宾语的及物动词

Accept, borrow, bury, cover, defeat, discover, eat, excite, forget, guess, put, please, surprise, enjoy, worry等

Do you intend to accept the gift

②常见的跟双宾语的及物动词

Bring, buy, feed, find, get, give, hand, lend, make, offer, pass, show, teach, tell 等。

一般间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。如果直接宾语在前，那么在间接宾语前加介词to或for

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如：we showed the visitors our new products.

=we showed our new product to the visitors.

A.直接宾语位于间接宾语之前时，常用介词to作搭配的动词有：

Accord, advance, award, bring, deal, forward, give, grant, hand, lease, leave,lend, loan, mail, offer, owe, pass, pay, play, post, read, rent, repay, sell. Send, serve, show, sing, take, teach, tell, write.

B.直接宾语在前，常与介词for搭配的动词有book, buy, bring, build, cook,

cash, cut, design, fetch, find, fix, get, guarantee, keep, leave, make, mix, order, paint, pick, play, pour, prepare, set, reserve, save, secure, sing, spare, take, win, write等

C.有一些动词不能接to或for，只能放在直接宾语前

Allow, ask, bet, cause, charge, cost, deny,draw, envy, forgive, promise, refuse 等

She wished them a safe journey.她祝你们一路平安。

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I envy you good luck.我羡慕你的好运。

③常见的跟宾语补足语的及物动词

A.可跟形容词或形容词短语做宾补的动词有

Believe, consider, declare, drive, find, get, imagine, judge, keep, leave, make, think.

We all believe him honest and kind.

B. 可跟名词或名词短语做宾补的动词有

Call, consider, choose, elect, find, keep, make, name

The parents named the baby Ella.

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We consider him a strange person.

C.可跟带to的不定式结构做宾语的动词有

Advise, allow, ask, except, get, invite, order, tell, teach, wish, warn, want.

She advised us to discuss the report immediately

2) 不及物动词

不及物动词是本身意思完整，后面不需要加宾语的实义动词。不及物动词没有被动语态。常见的不及物动词有：go, come, happen, lie, listen, rise, arrive, fall 等。

It happened in June, 1932.

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2. 系动词：

连系动词又称系动词，本身有词义，但不能单独做谓语，后面需跟系表结构说明主语的状况，性质，特征等。

全系动词：be动词(am\ is \are , was\were 完全没意思)

半系动词: 既像实义动词有意思，又像系动词后跟形容词

分为感官类: look, sound, taste, smell, feel用来说明主语”感觉上”的状况

My job is teaching English.

变化类: get, turn, go, become, grow,come, fall说明主语变成什么样

He became mad after that.

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保持类: keep, stay, remain,last, lie, stand

表示主语继续或保持一种状态或态度。

He always kept silent at the meeting.

表象类: seem, look, appear用来表示“看起来像”这一概念

He seems

终止类: prove, turn out 表示主语已经停止动作。

I think it would prove impossible for me to mend the broken vase.我想要让我补好这个花瓶是不可能的。

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3. 助动词的用法：

助动词是协助主要动词构成谓语的动词。助动词本身没有词义不能单独作谓语，只能和别的动词一起构成谓语，表示时态，语态，疑问和否定。

必须与动词原形或分词构成合成谓语，不能单独做谓语。

常见助动词如下表：

4. 情态动词的用法：

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主要用来表示说话人的语气，情态等。主要有：can, could, may, might, must, should, need, have to, ought to dare等，表示说话人的语气或情态，表示有能力，义务，必要，猜测，允诺，愿望等。

情态动词不能单独做谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。

5. 延续性动词和非延续性动词

1）延续性动词

表示行为或过程能持久地继续下去或能产生持久的影响。有: contain, have, hold, lie, live, make, sit, rain, sleep, stand, study, wait, wear, work 等

此外，表示状态，情感，思维等动词如believe, consider. Hate, hope, know, like, love, respect, think, understand, wish 等也属于延续性动词。

表示状态和延续性动作时必须要用延续性动词。

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