2015年英语四级高级语法讲义
最新 2015英语四级高级语法讲义：从句的复习-精品
2015英语四级高级语法讲义：从句的复习大学英语四级考试涉及的语法知识点多、涉及面宽，对不少考生来说都是一个难题。
希望通过本专题的学习，考生能对四级语法有更全面的掌握。
英语四级高级语法：从句的复习复合句：定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句。
定语从句：1. that，which，who的使用。
一个句子当中有两个相同的名词，将其中的一个名词进行替换，如果是人，用who;如果是物，用which;that既可以指人又可以指物。
2. 谓语动词(结构)和后面的介词有两种关系：关系紧密&关系疏远;定语从句中如果谓语结构和介词关系紧密，则介词必须保留在谓语结构的后面，不能做任何位置的改动;如果谓语结构和介词关系疏远，介词一般提到which/who/that的前面; 介词加which正好表示时间，可以表达成whe- n;表示地点时，可以表达成where;表示原因时，变成why;3. 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。
限定性定语从句：定语从句和关系词关系非常紧密，删掉定语从句后，整个句子意思会改变;非限定性定语从句：定语从句和关系词关系不是很紧密，删掉定语从句后，整个句子意思不会改变，定语从句只起到补充说明的意义;(2)非限定性定语从句：eg: He won the first place in the competition, which is out of our expectation.② 非限定性定语从句：which引导非限制性定语从句只能放在后面，as则只能放在句子前面名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同谓语从句;形式：名词+从句;连接词取决于后面的从句是什么样的形式;如果是陈述句，直接加that引导;。
大学英语四级(cet4)语法讲义
四级语法讲义一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。
谓语动词的时态见下表：1．主动形式2．被动形式CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。
时间状语从句当中的时态：一般过去时所有的过去用一般现在时表示现在和将来现在完成时现在完成和将来完成一．非谓语动词一．不定式：一）不定式的常考形式：1)一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.语法功能：表示与谓语动词同步发生2)完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me.被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages.语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前二）不定式常考的考点：1）不定式做定语----将要发生2）不定式做状语----目的3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe.三)不定式的省略1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel+ do表示动作的完整性，真实性；+ doing表示动作的连续性，进行性I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。
(强调"我看见了"这个事实)I saw him working in the garden yesterday.昨天我见他正在花园里干活。
（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原toI ‘d like to have John do it.I have my package weighed.Paul doesn’t have to be mad e to learn.3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do四)有些动词后只跟不定式如：want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to doforce sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to dobe ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; besimilarity/similar to.三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。
大学英语四级考试辅导语法课件-PPT精选文档308页
--How nice it would be if you could stay a bit longer！ 如果你能久留些日子，那多好啊！
--If I knew his address ,I would be able to write to him . 如果我知道他的地址，我就能给他写信了。
1.2.虚拟语气用于宾语从句
1.2.1.句型“…wish that…”
在wish后的that宾语从句中： 1.如果表示对现在的愿望，从句谓语要使用过去
时: （1）从句谓语动词如果是be，则用were形式。 （2）从句谓语动词如果是行为动词，则用过去
时形式。 --I wish I were a bird. 但愿我是只鸟儿。 --I wish you didn’t talk like that.
1.2.2. 句型“主语+引起虚拟的 动词+含虚拟语气的宾语从句”
1.英语中有很多表示愿望、请求、命令、 建议等意义的动词，当它们作为谓语引 导宾语从句时,从句谓语必须用 “(should)+动词原形”的形式.常用的 这类动词有：
demand,insist,suggest,command, request,order,propose,desire,require, urge,maintain,deserve,recommend, intend,move,ask,prefer,advise,decide等 等。
3.如果表示对过去没有实现或不可能实现的 愿望，从句谓语动词用过去完成时形式 “had+done/been ”形式。
--I wish you hadn’t made so many spelling mistakes in the last exam. 但愿上次考试你没出那么多拼写错误。
【15年春季四六级-讲义★★★】文都2015年...
一、Listening Comprehension：Part 1 .Short Conversation几种思维1．主题思维：上文提到一件事情（用一般疑问句进行提问），这就是对话主题。
下文会给出肯定或者是否定的回答。
掌握肯定和否定的表达方法。
2．否定思维：评价性否定；事实性否定；邀请性否定3．听到什么不选什么的思维：安全感的获得4．概括改写的思维：出题人的最后一招真题示例：Part 2. Long Conversation一、抓住首尾句【预览选项】[A] To go sightseeing. [B] To have meetings.[C] To promote a new champagne. [D] To join in a training program.【边听边选】M: Hi, Ann, welcome back. How’s your trip to the states?W: V ery busy, [19]I had a lot of meetings. …19. Why did the woman go to New York?二、留意对话中的一问一答【预览选项】[A] Data collection. [B] Training consultancy.[C] Corporate management. [D] Informationprocessing.【边听边选】W: What’s your line of business, Mr. Johnson?M: We are a training consultancy.25. What is the man’s line of business?二．Writing：内容；结构；语言；内容积累：结构学习：两种形式的文章：图画作文和提纲作文两种结构的文章：正反观点对立型和社会热点型文章；图画作文As is shown above，中心人物+动作.第二句：图画造成影响；There has been a heated discussion about this picture on the WeChat, the most influential social media in China.第三句：指出图画寓意；1.The picture shows us that….2.Simple and funny as this picture is, the symbolic meaning behind it is as deep as1.Recently the issue of (whether …or not) has been in the limelight（成为引人注目的中心）and has aroused wide concern in the public. 近来，_______的问题已经非常明确而且引起了社会的广泛关注。
英语四级考试高级语法讲义汇总
英语四级考试高级语法讲义汇总名词性从句之表语从句构成方式：若从句为陈述句，直接加that;若从句为特殊疑问句：直接保留特殊疑问词，后面的句子变成陈述句语序;若从句为一般疑问句：先把一般疑问句变成陈述句语序，然后在其前加上weather或者if;eg：China is no longer what she used to be.The question is who is responsible for what has happened.一、表语从句的引导词引导表语从句的词有连词that, whether，连接代词和连接副词，关系代词型what，以及as if, as though, because等连词。
1. 由that引导The fact is that he doesn‟t really try. 事实是他没有做真正的努力。
The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦的是我把他的地址丢了。
My suggestion is that we should tell him. 我的建议是我们应该告诉他。
His sole requirement was (is) that the system work. 他唯一的要求是这个制度能起作用。
My idea is that we should start making preparations right now. 我的意见是我们马上就开始做准备工作。
2. 由whether引导The question is whether the film is worth seeing. 问题是这部电影是否值得看。
【注意】whether 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。
3. 由连接代词引导You are not who I thought you were. 你已不是我过去所想像的人。
The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。
最新 2015英语四级高级语法讲义：从句的判别和应用-精品
2015英语四级高级语法讲义：从句的判别和应用大学英语四级考试涉及的语法知识点多、涉及面宽，对不少考生来说都是一个难题。
希望通过本专题的学习，考生能对四级语法有更全面的掌握。
英语四级高级语法：从句的判别和应用eg：Weather she will come or not is unknown.(主语从句)It is unknown weather he will come or not.(主语从句)I don't know weather he will come or not.(宾语从句)The question is weather he will come or not.(表语从句)The question weather he will come or not is not settled.(同位语从句)例：09年6月真题 __________(很多人没有意识到的)is that Simon is a lover of sports , and football in particular .what many people didn't realize例：08年12月真题It was very dark, but Mary seemed to (本能地知道该走哪条路) .know which way to take by instinct 宾语从句例：07年12月真题In my sixties, one change I notice is that _________________ (我比以前更容易累了).I feel/get tired more easily than before例：真题08年6月Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but- regardless of whether it is or isn't - we won't do much about it.。
英语四级测试高级语法讲义-状语从句之比较状语
英语四级测试高级语法讲义-状语从句之比较状语比较状语从句：than, as…as…，not so as…，（not) the same as, the+比较级；eg：Light travels fast than sound.the+比较级：eg：The sooner，the better.eg：Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and art kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school - the prophecy（预言) becomes self- fulfilling, trapping women in a vicious circle (恶性循环) of neglect.（1）当……的时候：while, when, as ；when：强调一件事情正在发生的时候，另外一件事情突然发生；eg：When I was watching TV, my mother came back.while：强调两个动作同时进行，一边……一边……；eg：My father is cooking while my mother isreading newspaper.as：”随时间推移”eg：As time went by, the days became longer and longer.（2）一……就……：as soon as ,主将从现；用directly，immediately, instantly连接两个句子；一些名词如the minute，the moment, the instant也可表示；no sooner… than, hardly… when后面的句子需要倒装；eg：I will write to you the moment/minute I arrived in Paris.（3）特殊单词：by the time that, every/each time （使用时后面不要再加when）（4）till＆until：① 肯定形式表示的意思是”做某事直至某时”，动词必须是延续性的；否定形式表达的意思是”直至某时才做某事”，一般用until，动词为延续性或非延续性都可以；eg: I slept until midnight.Wait till I call you.She didn’t arrive until 6 o’clock.② Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首，通常用于句中；eg: Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.eg：As you sleep you pass through a sequence of sleep states—light sleep, deep sleep and REM (rapid eye movement) sleep—that repeats approximately every 90 minutes. 点击下载Word文档【VIP】注册会员登录会员加入VIP。
最新 2015英语四级高级语法讲义：虚拟语气-精品
2015英语四级高级语法讲义：虚拟语气大学英语四级考试涉及的语法知识点多、涉及面宽，对不少考生来说都是一个难题。
希望通过本专题的学习，考生能对四级语法有更全面的掌握。
英语四级高级语法：虚拟语气1. if 引导的虚拟语气2. 倒装形式Were I you (=if I were you) , I would get up early in the morning.Had you arrived at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday(=If you had arrived…), you could have caught the train.Should it rain (=If it should rain), the crops would be saved.【2】馒头面条原理【3】固定句型It is time that ...Would rather that .....(1).I would rather he came tomorrow than today.(2).John would rather that she had not gone to the partyyesterday evening.(4).I would rather everything hadn' t happened in the past.“It is (was)+形容词(或过去分词)+that……”结构中的虚拟语气1. It is necessary that we (should 可省略,下同)have a walk now.2.It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready aheadof time.3. It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.。
英语四级高级语法讲义：否定
英语四级高级语法讲义：否定导读：本文英语四级高级语法讲义：否定，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。
英语四级高级语法：否定全部否定和部分否定eg. All the birds can not fly.Not all the birds can fly. 不是所有的鸟都会飞。
1. 部分否定eg. All the birds can not fly. 并非所有的鸟都会飞。
None of the birds can fly. 所有的鸟都不会飞。
代词或副词如all, both,every,everybody, every day, everyone, everything, everywhere等与not搭配使用时，表示部分否定，意思为“并非都是"等。
eg. All is not gold that glitters. 发光的并非都是金子。
= Not all is gold that glitters.2. 全部否定英语中常用not, none, nobody, nothing, nowhere, neither, never等表示全部否定的概念。
eg. Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。
eg. W: Daddy, I 've decided to give up science and go to business school.M: Well, it is your choice as long as pay your own way, but I should warn you that not everyone with a business degree will make a successful manager.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?A. The man doesn't have money for his daughter's graduate studies.B. The man doesn't think his daughter will get a business degree.C. The man insists that his daughter should pursue her studies in science.D. The man advises his daughter to think carefully before making her decision.双重否定1.在阅读当中出现的频率更高一些。
2015年大学四级考试语法知识复习详解手册精编
2015年四级语法知识详解手册精编目录2015年大学英语四级考试语法知识详解(1) (2)2015年大学英语四级考试语法知识详解(2) (5)2015年大学英语四级考试语法知识详解(3) (8)2015年大学英语四级考试语法知识详解(4) (9)2015年大学英语四级考试语法知识详解(5) (12)2015年大学英语四级考试语法知识详解(6) (12)2015年大学英语四级考试语法知识详解(7) (13)2015年大学英语四级考试语法知识详解(8) (13)2015年大学英语四级考试语法知识详解(9) (15)2015年大学英语四级考试语法知识详解(10) (17)2015年大学英语四级考试语法知识详解(1)英语冠词冠词分不定冠词(indefinite article)和定冠词(definite article)两种，一般无句子重音。
1)不定冠词a，ana) a和an均用在单数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物中的"一个"，相当于汉语的"一"，但不强调数目观念。
b) a用在辅音之前，an用在元音之前。
如：a notebook一个笔记本，a cigarette一支香烟，an old man一位老人，an English class一堂英语课。
字母u读作[ju:]时，由于第一个音[j]是辅音，故前面用a，不用an。
如：a useful book一本有用的书，a university一所大学。
字母h如不发音，第一个音又是元音，前面用an而不用a，如an hour [?n'au?]一小时，an honest [?n' nist] person一个诚实的人。
c) a和an在句中分别弱读作[E]和[En]。
2)定冠词thea)表示某一类人或事物中的"某一个"或"某一些"，相当于汉语的"这"或"那"。
2015年大学英语四级考试语法汇编手册
大学英语四级语法汇编手册四级考试必看语法目录2015年新四级语法结构与词汇考查内容说明,,,,,,,,,,,,3一、动词(时态,语态,用法,省略,一致性等),,,,,,,,,,,, 4二、非谓语动词,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,8三、虚拟语气,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,16四、介词,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,18五、连词,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,20六、定语从句,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,20七、倒装,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,23八、比较级和最高级,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,24九、名词性从句: 名词性从句包括主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句, 同位语从句,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,25十、情态动词,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,27十一、四六级考试高频短语及搭配,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,28第2页共48页2015年新四级语法结构与词汇考查内容四级考试对语法词汇的考查与《大纲》要求是十分一致的。
综观近年来的四级考试题，我们不难发现四级考试语法词汇部分是这样体现《大纲》的。
1.语法考题的涉及面宽近年考题曾经考到：几乎所有词类，三种动词的非谓语形式，名词从句，形容词从句，副词从句，独立主格，一致，倒装，强调等基本语法知识。
2.语法考试的重点突出语法考试的重点为内容庞杂较难掌握的项目，这些项目还反复出现如：虚拟语气，状语从句，定语从句，独立主格，情态动词。
3.具体考查重点为以上项目中的特殊用法1）虚拟语气的考点为：would rather+ that+一般过去时；It is vital /necessary /important /urgent/imperative /desirable /advisable/ natural /essential + that + do；It is time/about time / high time +that + 一般过去时；proposal /suggestion +that do；lest that should +do；if only that would do.2）状语从句的考点为：if引导的条件状语从句，此类句子多用at times，provided，so long as，in case，once等来替代if；由even if/so，now that，for all等引导的让步状语从句；Just/hardly,when引导的时间状语从句；more than，as,as，not so much a s，the same as，as much as等引导的比较状语从句。
最新 2015英语四级高级语法讲义：非谓语动词-精品
2015英语四级高级语法讲义：非谓语
动词
大学英语四级考试涉及的语法知识点多、涉及面宽，对不少考生来说都是一个难题。
希望通过本专题的学习，考生能对四级语法有更全面的掌握。
英语四级高级语法：非谓语动词
几种做句子成分的情况
1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别
(1)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。
(经验)
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。
(经验)
(2)不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
2.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别
(1)不定式作表语
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。
To do two things at a time is to do neither.一次做两件事等于未做。
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。
2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件)，表语也是不定式(表示结果)。
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。
Our work is serving the people.我们的工作是为人民服务。
最新 2015英语四级高级语法讲义：插入语-精品
2015英语四级高级语法讲义：插入语大学英语四级考试涉及的语法知识点多、涉及面宽，对不少考生来说都是一个难题。
希望通过本专题的学习，考生能对四级语法有更全面的掌握。
英语四级高级语法：插入语插入语通常是说话者对所表达意思的一种补充、强调、解释或者是说话人的一种态度。
它的位置比较灵活，常常会用逗号或者破折号和其他部分隔开，但是在语法上不会影响其他成分。
插入语六大用法小结例1 _____the more expensive the camera， the better its quality.A.General speakingB.Speaking generalC.Generally speakingD.Speaking generally小结：许多分词短语可以用作插入语，这样的分词短语有：strictly speaking(严格地说)，generally considering(一般认为)， judging from……(根据……判断)等。
例2 Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. ____，neither of them could swim.A.In factB.LuckilyC.UnfortunatelyD.Naturally小结：常用作插入语的副词或副词短语有：indeed(的确)，surely(无疑)，however(然而)，frankly(坦率地说)，obviously(显然)，naturally(天然地)，luckily (happily) for sb.(算某人幸运)，fortunately(幸好)，strangely(奇怪)，briefly(简单地说)等。
例3 Your performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard，_____， you failed.A.in the endB.after allC.in other wordsD.at the same time小结：常用作插入语的介词短语有：in conclusion(总之)，in a word(简而言之)，in short(简而言之)，in general(一般说来)，in a sense(在某种意义上)，in my view(在我看来)，in his opinion(按照他的看法)，infact(事实上)，at first(首先)， in addition(此外)，of course(当然)，to my surprise(使我惊奇的)，to her regret(使她遗憾的)，for example(例如)等。
最新 2015英语四级高级语法讲义：全部倒装-精品
2015英语四级高级语法讲义：全部倒
装
大学英语四级考试涉及的语法知识点多、涉及面宽，对不少考生来说都是一个难题。
希望通过本专题的学习，考生能对四级语法有更全面的掌握。
英语四级高级语法：全部倒装
在大学级别的考试中，应用是非常广泛的，包括在阅读、完形、写作以及翻译当中;
总共分为两种形式：全部倒装和部分倒装
全部倒装:主谓宾构成了正常的语序，把谓语动词提到了动词的前面，谓语动词直接发生在主语之前，那么就是全部倒装。
另外一种情况就是，仍然是主、谓、宾结构，谓语动词都有时态、人称的变化，把谓语动词上的助动词提到了主语的前面，这个就叫做部分倒装。
全部倒装的情况：
1. The bus is coming here.
Here comes the bus.
进行时态在变为倒装的时候要变为一般现在时。
2. Students went away.
Away went students.
3. The boy rushed out.
Out rushed the boy.
here/away/out/ 在英语当中称作方位副词或时间副词。
①当首句为方位或时间副词，谓语动词为go，come等时通常用全部倒装。
如果是进行时态的话，倒装后要改为一般现在时。
Then came the hour we had been looking forward to. 方位副词或时间副词置于句首
② 如果句首出现了地点状语，句子也可以进行全部倒装。
大学英语四级词汇语法考点讲义
大学英语四级词汇语法考点讲义第一部分(一)第一节、解决四级英语长难句的意义1、阅读，抓不住句子重点，在一个句子上浪费太多时间。
最后根据不完整的理解，碰运气乱猜答案。
2、翻译，提笔不知从哪里下手；胡乱写几行，卷面乱，不知所云，影响印象分。
（一）长难句到底难在哪里？--几句废话般的常识。
1）结构复杂，逻辑层次多;2）单词意思常需根据上下文判断;3）代词的指代关系复杂;4）并列成分多;5）修饰语多，特别是后置定语很长;6）习惯搭配。
注：以上情况有可能单独出现，更多是“团伙作案”。
（二）长难句的破解的几个基本要点·把握规律（按照所讲的基本方法）·充分利用现有语法、词汇知识，提高知识的产出效率。
·破解核心是化繁为简，化难为易。
（三）长难句解决的具体步骤1、抓主干2、理顺主从句子关系。
（四）分析句子成分的详细过程1）找出全句主谓宾或主系表，即句子的主干;2）找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词;3）分析从句和短语的功能，例如，是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或状语从句等;以及词，短语和从句之间的关系;4）分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配、插入语等其他成分。
第二节、长句速读同位语和较长的后置定语（如人物身份，句子中间的非限制性定语从句），很长的专有名词（如机构名称）等。
这些信息需要用跳读（skip）的方法，略去不读。
在文章里，经常会出现此类文字信息，目的是为了干扰视线。
实际，没有必要去弄明白某人是什么大学的什么教授，也不必急着去了解美国一个部门全称或缩写是什么具体意思，因为题目中极少直接考这样的细节信息。
做题时即使需要此类信息，利用人名或其它专有名词都是开头字母大写的特征很容易找到。
例如：People assume that office politics involves some manipulative （工于心计的）behavior,”says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management at Hofstra University. (2004年6月)A recent study, published in last week‟s Journal of the American Medical Association, offers a picture of how risky it is to get a lift from a teenage driver. (2003年9月)划线部分的信息可以一扫而过，目光不需要在上面停留细读。
大学英语四级核心语法讲义
第一部分如何表达一件事？ (1)一、简单句的核心构成 (1)二、简单句的核心变化——谓语动词的时态/情态/语态 (3)三、简单句的扩展——形容词/副词/介词短语 (9)四、简单句的提升——非谓语动词 (10)五、简单句的综合运用 (12)第二部分如何表达多件事？ (13)六、并列句 (13)七、复合句——名词性从句 (15)八、复合句——定语从句 (17)九、复合句——状语从句 (20)十、并列句和复合句的综合运用 (22)一、简单句的核心构成主语+谓语V.+____?____●I swim.We walked on the street yesterday.●I like English.The bride kissed the groom.●They offered me a vacant post.=They offered a vacant post to me.I bought you a present.=I bought a present for you.●I find Hong Kong very beautiful.●I am very happy.补充：常用的系动词1.be动词(单独)2.“变得”get become turn go grow3.感官动词look sound smell taste feel“看／听／闻／尝／感觉起来......”【课后练习】请判断简单句的种类。
1)The project has two sides…(CET-6,2018.06,Reading Comprehension Section C,Passage One)2)Readers proceed at their own pace.(CET-4,2019.12,Reading ComprehensionSection C,Passage One)3)But the snail has given the project greater urgency.(CET-6,2018.06,ReadingComprehension Section C,Passage One)4)One example of AI is driverless cars.(CET-4,2018.12,Reading ComprehensionSection C,Passage Two)5)…it can even make meals more enjoyable.(CET-6,2018.06,ReadingComprehension Section C,Passage Two)6)…the gig economy will become an engine of economic and social transformation.(CET-4,2021.06,Reading Comprehension Section C,Passage Two)二、简单句的核心变化——谓语动词的时态/情态/语态（一）谓语动词的时态一般过去时形式：V.过去式（did）用法：__________________________________●The researchers conducted five separate surveys of more than l,700people.(CET-4,2019.06,Reading Comprehension,Section C,Passage Two)●…until recently,good databases did not exist…(CET-6,2017.06,ReadingComprehension,Section C,Passage One)一般现在时形式：V.原形/V.第三人称单数（do/does）用法：__________________________________●He often gets up late.●American parents want similar things for their children…(CET-6,2017.06,Reading●We are friends.●The earth moves around the sun.一般将来时形式：will+V原形am/is/are going to+V原形用法：__________________________________●At some point,almost all of us will experience a period of radical professionalchange.(CET-4,2017.06,Reading Comprehension,Section B)●…the process of urbanization will only accelerate in the decades to come…(CET-6,2014.12,Reading Comprehension,Section C,Passage One)过去将来时形式：would+V原形was/were going to+V原形用法：__________________________________●Tony finished his work,and then he would leave for London.过去/现在/将来进行时形式：be+doing用法：__________________________________●In2014,28%of young men were living with a spouse or partner in their ownhome...(CET-4,2019.06,Reading Comprehension,Section B)(CET-6,2019.06,Reading Comprehension,Section B)●A great many candidates will be meeting here at this time tomorrow.现在完成时形式：have/has+done用法：__________________________________●A couple of recent papers have finally opened a window on these people’sextraordinary minds.(CET-4,2017.06,Reading Comprehension,Section B)●Oil prices have dropped by over60%since June2014.(CET-6,2017.06,ReadingComprehension,Section B)过去完成时形式：had+done用法：__________________________________●When he got there,she had left.She was not there.课堂练习：请填入合适的时态。
2015年大学英语四级高级语法讲义汇总
2015年大学英语四级高级语法讲义汇总一、英语四级高级语法：让步状语从句常见的连接词有though, although，as, while, even though区分though，although，aseg：Although/though he is a child, he can live by himself.as 表示虽然的时候，要进行倒装;Child as/though he is , he can live by himself.eg：Although/though she works very hard ,she makes very little progress.Hard as she works, she makes very little progress.Although/though she is young, she has travelled to many countries to put shows .Young as she is, she has travelled to many countries to put shows .while：连接两个句子，表示虽然，但是;eg：He is experienced while he is young.真题分析：1.The anti-virus agent was not known(直到一名医生偶然发现了它)until a doctor find it by chance.2.I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because __________(它更加方便和省时)it is more convenient and timesaving.3.But since water is much cheaper than wine, and many of the fancier brands aren‟t available in stores, most diners don‟t notice or care.4. While there‟s no question that continuous stress is harmful, several studies suggest that challenging situations in which you‟re able to rise to the occasion can be good for you.二、英语四级高级语法：状语从句省略1、主句和从句的主语保持一致，称为分词作状语。
2015年大学英语四级考试语法重点复习手册精编
大学英语四级语法重点复习手册[四级考试语法复习完全整理]目录英语四级语法讲义：状语从句之让步状语 (3)英语四级语法讲义：代词作主语 (3)英语四级语法讲义：英语名词格 (6)英语四级语法讲义：英语冠词 (8)英语四级语法讲义：人称代词概说 (9)英语四级语法讲义：指示代词概说 (11)英语四级语法讲义：物主代词概说 (12)英语四级语法讲义：长难句分析 (15)英语四级语法讲义：否定 (16)英语四级语法讲义：插入语 (17)英语四级语法讲义：从句的判别和应用 (19)英语四级语法讲义：从句的复习 (20)英语四级语法讲义：强调句 (23)英语四级语法讲义：定语从句省略 (25)英语四级语法讲义：部分倒装 (26)英语四级语法讲义：状语从句省略 (28)英语四级语法讲义：非谓语动词 (31)英语四级语法讲义：结果状语从句 (32)英语四级语法讲义：目的状语从句 (33)英语四级语法讲义：状语从句 (33)英语四级语法讲义：从句的判别和应用 (34)英语四级语法讲义：名词性从句-表语从句 (35)英语四级语法讲义：非谓语动词 (37)英语四级语法讲义：状语从句之让步状语常见的连接词有though, although，as, while, even though区分though，although，aseg：Although/though he is a child, he can live by himself.as 表示虽然的时候，要进行倒装;Child as/though he is , he can live by himself.eg：Although/though she works very hard ,she makes very little progress.Hard as she works, she makes very little progress.Although/though she is young, she has travelled to many countries to put shows .Young as she is, she has travelled to many countries to put shows .while：连接两个句子，表示虽然，但是;eg：He is experienced while he is young.真题分析：1.The anti-virus agent was not known(直到一名医生偶然发现了它)until a doctor find it by chance.2.I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store be cause __________(它更加方便和省时)it is more convenient and timesaving.3.But since water is much cheaper than wine, and many of the fancier brands aren’t available in stores, most diners don’t notice or care.4. While there’s no question that continuous stress is harmful, several studies suggest that challenging situations in which you’re ableto rise to the occasion can be good for you.英语四级语法讲义：代词作主语ach, either, neither和由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词,都作单数看待.Each of us has something to say.Is everybody ready?Somebody is using the phone.Neither of us has gone through regular training.Has either of them told you?some, few, both, many 等作复数some 可后接复数,也可接单数,表示某一.none作复数看待时较多,但也有时作单数看待,主要看说话人脑中联系想到的是复数还是单数概念, 但none 在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数:None of the books are easy enough for usNone of us seem to have thought of it.None (= not a single one) of us has got a camera.None (= nobody) has felt it more keenly than she did.None of this worries me.all 和most 可后接复数,也可接不可数名词(all of the…, most ofthe …), 动词用单数.由and 或 bo th… and 连接名词词组时, 后用复数; 由not only…but (also), either…or, neither…nor或 or 连接的并列主语, 谓语通常和最邻近的主语一致Not only the switches but also the old writing has been changed.My sister or my brother is likely to be at home.Either you or Mr Yang is to do the work.Neither my wife nor I myself am able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.如果一个句子是由there 或here引导, 而主语又不止一个, 谓语通常也和最邻近的那个主语一致。
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2015年英语四级高级语法讲义：强调句
英语中表示强调的8种方式
1.用形容词“very”，“single”等表示强调
eg.You are the very person I'm looking for.
你就是我要找的那个人。
Red Army fought a battle on this very spot.
红军就在此地打过一仗。
Not a single person has been in the office this afternoon.
今天下午竟然没有一个人来过办公室。
2.用反身代词表示强调
e.g.I myself will see her off at the station.
我将亲自到车站为她送行。
You can do it well yourself.
你自己能做好这件事情。
3.用助词“do/does/did+动词原形”表示强调
e.g.The baby is generally healthy，but every now and then she does catch a cold.
那孩子的健康状况尚好，但就是偶尔患感冒。
Do be quiet.I told you I had a headache.
务必安静，我告诉过你，我头疼。
4.用“...and that”，“...and those”，等结构表示强调
e.g.They fulfilled the task，and that in a few days.
他们在几天内完成的就是那项任务。
I gave her some presents，and those the day before yesterday.
前天我送给她的就是那些礼物。
5.用双重否定结构表示强调
e.g.There is no reason why this new immigrant should not have the same success.
完全有理由相信这些新移民应该拥有相同的成功。
A man can never have too many ties.
一个男人有再多的领带也不为过。
I can't thank you too much.
我无论怎样感谢你都不过份。
A mother can never be patient enough with her child.
I am not unfaithful to you.我对你无比忠诚。
6.用短语“in every way”，“in no way”，“by all means”，“by no means”，“only too”，“all too”，“but too”，“in heaven”，“in the world”，“in hell”，“on earth”，“under the sun”等表示强调
e.g.His behaviour was in every way perfect.
他的举止确实无可挑剔。
The news was only too true.
这消息确实是事实。
Where in heaven were you then?
当时你到底在哪里?
7.用倒装句表示强调
8.用强调句型表示强调
It is that或 It is who
e.g.It was the headmaster who opened the door for me.
正是校长为我开的门。
It was yesterday that we carried out that experiment.
就是在昨天我们做了那个实验。
2015年英语四级高级语法讲义：定语从句
一、定语从句的回顾
Fruit that contains vitamin C can relieve a cold.
The man who we met yesterday is a famous psychologist.
iuThis is the right book that you are looking for.
二、关系词充当宾语的时候
三、关系词充当主语
(1)谓语结构为实词
(2)谓语结构为be + 名词
四、先行词为the way
定语从句省略
A control box fitted to the car contains a mini-cellphone, a
micro-processor and memory, and a GPS (全球定位系统) satellite
positioning receiver. (06。
6旧)
She is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can insist on
the development of all her children, ensuring that her daughters are given a fair chance. (06。
6旧)
Interest in pursuing international careers has soared in recent years, enhanced by chronic (长久的) personnel shortages that are causing companies to search beyond their home borders for talent.(06。
6旧)
It enrolls 90,000 student , a statistic used to support its claim to
be the largest private university in the country.(07.12)
Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at annual rate of 3.9 percent, form 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2004. (07.12)
18. W: You had a job interview yesterday, didn’t you? How d id it go?
M: Not too bad, I guess. There were about 20 candidates competing for the sales manager’s job. And finally it was down to three of us, but the other two seemed better qualified.
Q: What does the man imply?
A)He is confident he will get the job.
B)His chance of getting the job is slim.
C)It isn’t easy to find a qualified sales manager.
D)The interview didn’t go as well as he expected.
Hamilton isn’t the only educator crossing the Atlantic. 09.12
汉密尔顿并不是第一位跨越大西洋到外国任职的教育家。
when the board of the University of Colorado searched for a new
president, it wanted a leader (who is) familiar with the state government, a major source of the university’s budget. 科罗拉多大学董事会在遴选新校长时，想聘用一个与州政府熟悉的领导人，因为州政府是学校的主要资金来源。
09.12
Career experts say that one of the ways (that) job seekers can stay
safe while using the Internet to search out jobs is to conceal their
identities. 职业专家说求职者用因特网找工作时保持安全的一个方法是隐瞒
其真实身份。
2015年英语四级高级语法讲义：部分倒装
部分倒装的形式: 主谓宾保持原来的形式，谓语动词的助动词放到主语的前面。
1、当句首状语为否定词或带有否定意义的词语时，这个句子就需要部分倒
装
这类词语有hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom, never, few,little, less, at no time, by no means, in no case, under no circumstance, in no way,on
no account, on no consideration, no longer, not only等。
eg. He never smokes. 他从来不抽烟。
Never does he smoke. eg. Not only did the customer complain about the food, he also refused to pay for it. 这位顾客不仅仅抱怨食物不好，还拒绝付费。