国际关系概论 第六节 国际战争与和平[精]
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Key words： recession（n.）髮後往後退，表示越來越禿；原意是经济不景气、衰退； inflation（n.）膨脹；factor（n.）因素；deep depression 大蕭條 ＊有些人知識淵博，一問三知，便稱他「活字典」（walking dictionary） Recovery (n.)复苏; prosperity (n.)兴旺
Key words： fourth-grade（n.）四年級； pupil（n.）小學生； lose balance失去平衡； commotion（n.）混亂、騷動聲； withdraw（v.）領（錢）； savings account（n.）存款帳戶 bank 有兩個意思：河岸
本节主要内容
一、国际战争 二、国际和平主义运动
一、国际战争
（一）国际战争定义
人类集团之间使用军事技术进行大规模相互屠杀的行为。 （直接相关的军事人员死亡少于1000人的武装冲突不被认为是 战争）——瑞典斯德哥尔摩国际和平研究所
War: the most severe form of military conflict (W.P.m.c) .
War: a condition arising within states (civil war) or between states (interstate war) when actors use violent means to destroy their opponents or coerce them into submission; armed Conflict: combat between the military forces of two or more states or groups (W.P.t.t).
Just war: the theory popularized in the Middle Ages that identifies the conditions under which it is morally permissible, or ‘just’, for a state to go to war and the methods by which a just war may be fought.
（二）战争的性质
► 战争同时是目的、手段和状态 毛泽东：“战争是政治的最高表现形式。”
克劳塞维茨《战争论》：“战争不仅是一种政治行为，而且是一种 真正的政治工具，是政治通过另一种手段的延续。”
► 战争的正义性
Just war tradition: a set of principles that identify the circumstances justifying the resort to war and, once begun, the requirements for just conduct.
Presentations sample 2: 冷战、遏制、威慑与历史终结论
1、Backgrounds: Cold war The 42-year(1949-1991)rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union, as well as their competing coalitions, which sought to contain each other’s expansion and win worldwide predominance.
（三）国际战争的起因
1、个人层次的解释 领导人好战本性（两次海湾战争）； 决策者对对方意图的误判（一战）； 普通民众的本性（民众推动精英走向战争，美西战争）； 2、国家或组织层次的解释 政治制度（民主和平论、帝国主义论）； 国内政治、替罪羊转移视线理论（英、阿马岛争端）； 控制重要生产资料或资源（激进主义者，海湾战争？）； 种族、民族运动（科索沃战争）； Diversionary theory of war转移视线理论: the hypothesis that
5、my opinions (comments)
The collapse of soviet union and its block do not mean that the history of the rivalry of great powers end, and it just means……
Lesson in logic...邏輯課
A fourth-grade teacher was giving her pupils a lesson in logic. "Here is the situation," she said. "A man is standing up in a boat in the middle of a river, fishing. He loses his balance, falls in, and begins splashing and yelling for help. His wife hears the commotion, knows he can't swim, and runs down to the bank. Why do you think she ran to the bank?" A girl raised her hand and asked, "To withdraw all his money from his savings account?"
《国际关系概论》
第六节 国际战争与和平
ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
Walking economy... 活經濟
A guy is walking down the street with his friend. He says to his friend, "I'm a walking economy."
His friend replies, "How's that?" "It's like this -- my hair line is in recession, my stomach is a victim of inflation, and the combination of these factors is putting me into a deep depression."
Key words： fourth-grade（n.）四年級； pupil（n.）小學生； lose balance失去平衡； commotion（n.）混亂、騷動聲； withdraw（v.）領（錢）； savings account（n.）存款帳戶 bank 有兩個意思：河岸
本节主要内容
一、国际战争 二、国际和平主义运动
一、国际战争
（一）国际战争定义
人类集团之间使用军事技术进行大规模相互屠杀的行为。 （直接相关的军事人员死亡少于1000人的武装冲突不被认为是 战争）——瑞典斯德哥尔摩国际和平研究所
War: the most severe form of military conflict (W.P.m.c) .
War: a condition arising within states (civil war) or between states (interstate war) when actors use violent means to destroy their opponents or coerce them into submission; armed Conflict: combat between the military forces of two or more states or groups (W.P.t.t).
Just war: the theory popularized in the Middle Ages that identifies the conditions under which it is morally permissible, or ‘just’, for a state to go to war and the methods by which a just war may be fought.
（二）战争的性质
► 战争同时是目的、手段和状态 毛泽东：“战争是政治的最高表现形式。”
克劳塞维茨《战争论》：“战争不仅是一种政治行为，而且是一种 真正的政治工具，是政治通过另一种手段的延续。”
► 战争的正义性
Just war tradition: a set of principles that identify the circumstances justifying the resort to war and, once begun, the requirements for just conduct.
Presentations sample 2: 冷战、遏制、威慑与历史终结论
1、Backgrounds: Cold war The 42-year(1949-1991)rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union, as well as their competing coalitions, which sought to contain each other’s expansion and win worldwide predominance.
（三）国际战争的起因
1、个人层次的解释 领导人好战本性（两次海湾战争）； 决策者对对方意图的误判（一战）； 普通民众的本性（民众推动精英走向战争，美西战争）； 2、国家或组织层次的解释 政治制度（民主和平论、帝国主义论）； 国内政治、替罪羊转移视线理论（英、阿马岛争端）； 控制重要生产资料或资源（激进主义者，海湾战争？）； 种族、民族运动（科索沃战争）； Diversionary theory of war转移视线理论: the hypothesis that
5、my opinions (comments)
The collapse of soviet union and its block do not mean that the history of the rivalry of great powers end, and it just means……
Lesson in logic...邏輯課
A fourth-grade teacher was giving her pupils a lesson in logic. "Here is the situation," she said. "A man is standing up in a boat in the middle of a river, fishing. He loses his balance, falls in, and begins splashing and yelling for help. His wife hears the commotion, knows he can't swim, and runs down to the bank. Why do you think she ran to the bank?" A girl raised her hand and asked, "To withdraw all his money from his savings account?"
《国际关系概论》
第六节 国际战争与和平
ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
Walking economy... 活經濟
A guy is walking down the street with his friend. He says to his friend, "I'm a walking economy."
His friend replies, "How's that?" "It's like this -- my hair line is in recession, my stomach is a victim of inflation, and the combination of these factors is putting me into a deep depression."