英汉翻译中的增词法与减词法

II. For the sake of cultural background
1.The blond boy quickly crossed himself. 译文：那个金发小男孩立刻在胸前划十字，祈
求上帝保佑。 析：在汉语文化中，人们没有在胸前划十字的
文化习俗，而在英美文化中，人们经常性地在 胸前划十字，以祈求上帝的保佑。所以，有必 要在译文中加以解释。
人们为了能在自然界获得自由, 就要用自然科学来了 解自然, 征服自然 改造自然.
为了语法上的需要而增词（2）
4.On the wings of hope,( ) of love, ( ) of joy, Miss Meadows sped back to the music hall, up the aisle, up the steps, over to the piano.
E.g. 1.She are little. Food sickened her, and I think much of her life too.
她吃的很少, 她厌恶食物, 我觉得她也厌恶生活
2.He is tall. So does his brothers.
3.For the purpose of attaining freedom in the world of nature, man must use natural science to understand, conquer and change nature.
2.和平共处五项原则
译文：the five principles of peaceful coexistence, that is, mutual respect for territorial integrity and sovereignty, mutual nonaggression, non-interference in each other’s internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence.
Addition_ why
to conform to the grammar in Chinese to reproduce clearly and naturally to deepen the cross-cultural communication
Section Five—Addition: I.For the sake of grammar
translation.. know under What circumstances verb addition,
adverb addition, noun addition should be employed in E-C translation. know how to apply addition in specific condition.
In English, ellipsis sentence is ofteБайду номын сангаас used. Therefore, when this kind of sentence is translated into Chinese, it is necessary for us to add what has been omitted.
美多斯小姐仿佛插上了希望翅膀，爱情的翅膀， 欢乐的翅膀，一路飞奔回到音乐厅，她穿过通 道，跑（跃）上台阶，三步并作两步走到钢琴 前。
5.Any leak, even at this late date, could have tremendous international repercussions.
Addition in E-C Translation
Lecturer: Hao Guangli
Objectives:
After learning this section, students should be able to: know WHY addition should be applied in E-C
析：在汉译英时，对“和平共处五项原则”作 具体说明，易让读者准确理解这个概念，