虚拟语气2
虚拟语气2
5. 虚拟语气在简单句中的用法
(1)情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人 谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气的委婉。 It would be better for you not to staind enough to open the door?
虚拟语气句型
8. It’s necessary/important that sb. (should) do sth. With the society developing very fast, it’s quite necessary/important that we (should) have a good knowledge of English and computer.
She talks about Rome as though she had been there herself.
He treats me as if I were a stranger. Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem. 注意: 如果表示的事情可能会发生, 那 么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈 述语气。
If you shouldn’t pass the college entrance examination, what would you do?
虚拟语气句型
4. If + only 引起的感叹句， 相当于“How I wish + 宾语从句” “但愿…… , 要是……就好了” If only he could come!
I wish it wouldn’t rain tomorrow.
2. 用于表示建议、愿望、命令等词后的
宾语从句中，常见的动词有：
德语虚拟语气第二虚拟式总结
德语虚拟语气第二虚拟式总结一、表达假设和条件的情况：1.客观条件假设：如果句子的条件部分与现实相符，虚拟语气使用第一虚拟式；如果条件部分与现实相反，虚拟语气使用第二虚拟式。
例如：-如果我有时间，我就去你家。
- Wenn ich Zeit hätte, würde ich zu dir kommen.2.主观条件假设：当句子表达的条件是与说话人主观判断有关的情况时，虚拟语气使用第二虚拟式。
例如：-如果我是你，我就不买那件衣服。
- Wenn ich du wäre, würde ich das Kleid nicht kaufen.二、表达愿望和建议的情况：1.表达愿望：使用"ich hoffe", "ich wünsche mir", "ich hätte gern"等表达愿望的动词，后跟虚拟语气的第二虚拟式。
例如：-我希望我能和你一起去旅行。
- Ich hoffe, dass ich mit dir verreisen könnte.2.表达建议：使用"ich würde vorschlagen"、"es wäre besser"等表达建议的句型时，后跟虚拟语气的第二虚拟式。
例如：-我建议你明天早点来。
- Ich würde vorschlagen, dass du morgen früher kommst.三、其他用法：1. 与"dürfen"连用，表示礼貌的建议或请求。
例如：- Du dürftest besser das Fenster schließen.-你最好关上窗户。
2. 表达抱怨或愤怒的情绪，通常通过"es ist schade"或"es ist unzufrieden"等表达方式。
【英语学习方法】英语语法 虚拟语气2
【英语学习方法】英语语法虚拟语气2虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。
只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。
通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。
通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。
②与现在事实相反。
③与将来事实可能相反I: 最基本的虚拟语气句型:1. 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might 动词原形。
If places were a like, there would be little need for geographers.如果各个地方都一样，就不需要地理学家了。
2. 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had＋过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might have 过去分词。
If he had known your address yesterday,he would have telephoned you.3. 虚拟将来时是表示对将来实现的可能性很小的或不确定的假设。
If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should 动词原形，主句用would / should/could/ might 动词原形。
If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday4. 省略if 采用倒装语序的条件句。
有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have 的虚拟条件句中的连词if省去，而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。
虚拟语气2
Attention:
5、6两种句式也可以用于陈述语气。如：
It’s strange that he didn’t come yesterday.
It’s a pity that you can’t dance. --- Peter is John’s brother. --- It’s no wonder that he looks like John.
虚拟语气的特殊形式 虚拟语气形式
It is high time the child ________ to the hospital. A. is sent B. would be sent C. be sent D. were sent
本课小结
一、 虚拟语气形式 用(should) + do的情况 二、 虚拟语气形式 将原来的时态向前推一个时态的情况
practice
1. It is required that you ____ at six. A. will arrive B. arrive C. arrived D. would arrive 2. It is really strange that the girl ___ so early. A. has been married B. has married C. be married D. would marry
The Jade Emperor ordered that the Monkey King _____ right away. A. would be arrested B. must be arrested C. be arrested D. had to be arrested I recommended that the student ___ his composition as soon as possible. A. finishing writing B. should finish the writing C. finish writing D. finished writing
虚拟语气 (2)
与将来事实相反 虚拟条件句 主句
should/would/ did should do could/might were to do +do
表示与将来事实相反，条件状 语从句中的谓语动词一般过去 时或should(were to) + 动词 原形，而主句中的谓语动词则 用would / should/ could might + 动词原形。
Eg: If you___hard at school, you___ a college student now and would get a good job in the future.
A.had studied; would have been B.would have been; could be
I wish it would rain tomorrow.
（2）在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示 与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主 观愿望，从句通常省略连词that。
1）表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句动词用 过去式或过去进行式（be动词一般用 were）。 I wish it were autumn in Beijing all the year around. 我希望知道这个问题的答案。 I wish I knew the answer to the question.
Had they had time, they would have come and helped us.
If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.
Were it to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.
虚拟语气2
→If the sun hadn’t been in the right direction, the photographs wouldn’t have come out very well.
4 Since I know the meaning of the word, I don’t have to look it up.
2 The shop didn’t pack the goods properly, so they got damaged.
→If the shop had packed the goods properly, they wouldn’t have got damaged.
3 As the sun was in the right direction, the photographs came out very well.
一、wish 后的宾语从句 1 我要是知道他的地址就好了。 I wish … 2她真希望她没有说过这话。 She wishes …
1 我要是知道他的地址就好了。 I wish I knew his address. 2她真希望她没有说过这话。 She wishes she hadn’t said it.
They require that I (should) go at once. 他们要求我立刻走。 He insisted that his daughter (should) come. 他坚持要他女儿来。 四、用于主语从句中 在主语从句中，虚拟语气“should + 动 词原形”或将should 省略只用动词原形。 这种主语从句由连词that引导t is going to snow.仿佛 要下雪。（事实上马上就要下雪。） It seems as if the boy has lost his way. 这个男孩好像迷了路。（事实 上男孩真可能迷路了。）
Day 10(虚拟语气2)
Subjunctive mood
2. If you hadn’t gone with Tom to the party last night, ___.
A.
B.
C.
D.
you would meet John already you won’t have missed John you will have met John you would have met John.
Subjunctive mood
3. Supposing this ship ___, do you think there would be enough life jackets for all passengers?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Was sinking Has sunk Were to sink e not were it not will make
Subjunctive mood
5. The teacher suggested that each student ___ a plan for the vacation.
A.
B. C. D.
made make makes will make
Subjunctive mood
4. The insect would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and heads, if ___ for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.
A. B. C. D.
观察与对比
If you had come earlier yesterday, you would have seen him then. If you had come earlier yesterday, you would not be criticized by the manager this morning.
虚拟语气2should+v
Practice
1. He B have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn't be enjoying himself by the seaside.
A. should
B.must
C.wouldn't
D.can't
3. It is requested that the meeting (should) be put off.
主语从句
4. His suggestion was that you (should) try once more.
表语从句
5. She made the demand that the journalists leave at once for Iraq.
wouldn't have done 本不会做而做了 couldn't have done 本不能够做而做了 needn’t have done 本没必要丛而做了
Grammar is logical !
区别“本系列” & 情态动词对过去的推测
must have done:过去一定做过某事 can/ could have done: 过去可能做过某事 may/might have done：过去可能做郭某事（could have done比might have done语气更强） couldn’t have done：过去不可能做过某事
B. not be sent; that
C. should not be sent; what
D. should not send; what
2. It is strange _th_a_t_h_e_s_h_o_u_ld__b_e_co_m__e_m__y_fr_ie_n_d_.(become) 他竟然成为我的朋友，真是奇怪。
虚拟语气2
他坚决要求我到场。(insist)
国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。(order)
他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。(request)
我们建议Tom 去休息一下。
We suggested that
Tom （should）have a rest.
他坚决要求我到场。
He insisted that I (should ) be present.
B. 在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required…. that从句中用(should )+动词原型 It is demanded that we should work out a plan.
C. 在 It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder that…..句型中从 句也常用(should )+动词原型 It’s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.
I would rather you paid me now.
I would rather you had gone, too. Don’t come today. I would rather you came tomorrow.
4. as if /though + 从句
现在： 过去时 过去： 过去完成时
2.用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。 insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc. We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. They insisted that the boy (should) go with them. 注意：suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist 表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。
虚拟语气二
It’s 你该走了。 high time that you went. It’s high time that you should go. 我们该去睡觉了 It’s time that we went to bed. 。 It’s time that we should go to bed.
• 8.(2003上海春季高考题 上海春季高考题)Look at the trouble 上海春季高考题 I am in! If only I ________ your advice. • A.followed B.would follow • C.had followed D.should follow • 9.She insisted that she ________ ill of him behind him，but he didn’t believe it. ， ’ • A.hadn’t spoken B.shouldn’t ’ ’ speak • C.wouldn’t speak D.not speak ’
虚拟语气
3. Simon looks as though he never ___ a square meal(吃得饱 though his 吃得饱), 吃得饱 parents feed him very well. A. get B. getting C. got D. should get 4. He is talking so much about America as if he ___ there. A. had been B. were C. was D. been 5. I ___ you some money, but I hadn’t got any then. A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent
高中英语真题-虚拟语气(二)
虚拟语气（二）上期我们学习了非真实条件句中虚拟语气的运用，本期我们将重点讲解虚拟语气在其它句式中的运用。
1. 虚拟语气用于宾语从句◆wish后的宾语从句从句谓语可用一般过去式（be动词多用were）表示与现在事实相反的假设；用“had +过去分词”表示与过去事实相反的假设；用“would +动词原形”表示一种希望。
如：I wish I were a bit taller.I wish I had more time.I wish you hadn’t told me all this.I wish you would stay a little longer.◆w ould rather后的宾语从句从句谓语多用相当于过去式的形式，表示现在或将来的情况。
如：—Do you mind if I smoke here?—I’d rather you didn’t.Nancy would rather came to see her tomorrow.◆在command, demand, desire, insist, order, request, require, sug gest, urge等表示要求、坚持、命令、建议、愿望等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should +动词原形”，should可以省略。
如：They demanded that the report (should) be made public. Barbara insisted that I (should) stay and fight.注意：①当suggest表示“暗示，说明”，insist表示“坚持认为，坚持说”时，从句谓语不用虚拟语气，而用正常的陈述语气。
如：All the evidence suggests that he stole the money.She kept insisting that she was innocent.②suggestion, order, request, insistence等名词后的that从句中，谓语也用虚拟语气，即：“should +动词原形”，should可以省略。
虚拟语气2
虚拟语气（2）一、名词性从句中的虚拟语气1.一“坚持” (insist) ,二“命令” (order, command) ,四“建议” (advise, suggest, propose, recommend) , + (that) sb (should) do ...五“要求” (ask, demand, require, request, desire)(that) sb / sth (should) be done【翻译】我们建议Tom 去休息一下。
他坚持要我与他同行。
他们要求派Tom去那儿工作。
老师要求作业要及时完成。
2. 这些动词相对应的名词性从句也用（should ）do1）It is suggested that we (should) practise reading English everyday.2）The suggestion given by our teacher is that we (should) practise reading English everyday.3）The teacher give us a suggestion that we (should) practise reading English everyday.【熟记下列句型】*It is ordered / commanded / suggested / advised / requested / required / demanded …that …(should) do *The / One’s insistence / order / command / suggestion / advice / proposal / recommendation / request / requirement / demand / desire is / was that …(should) do*a / the suggestion / request (等) that … (should) do…3. wish 的宾语从句与现在事实相反: 一般过去时( be 用were )Wish 与过去事实相反: 过去完成时与将来事实相反: would/could +V.原(不用should)二、虚拟语气特殊句型与固定句式:1. would ratherI would rather you returned me my money now.I would rather you came tomorrow.I would rather we hadn’t told her the bad news yesterday.与现在事实相反: 一般过去时( be 用were )Would rather 与过去事实相反: 过去完成时与将来事实相反: 一般过去时2. as if / as though1). 从句的动作与主句动作同时发生(可以理解成与现在事实相反)He behaves as if he______(own) the house.He behaves as if he ______ (be) the owner of the house.2). 从句的动作发生在主句动作之前(可以理解成与过去事实相反)She talked about Rome as though she __________ (be) there herself.3). 从句的动作发生在主句动作之后(可以理解成与将来事实相反)He coughed (咳嗽) twice as if someone would come. 他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。
英语虚拟语气(2)
英语虚拟语气(2)一、初中英语虚拟语气1．If I ____you, I _____the army.A．am, would join B．were ,would joinC．am, will join D．were ,will join【答案】B【解析】试题分析：虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
其主要有三种结构：1、与现在事实相反若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形”2、与过去事实相反若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时（had+过去分词），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+have+过去分词”3、与将来事实相反若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形”。
句意：如果我是你，我会加入军队。
结合语境可知本句描述的是与现状相反的事实，故选B。
考点：考查虚拟语气。
2．If I _____ you, I _____ late for school this morning.A．were, wouldn’t be B．were, wouldn’t C．was, won’t be D．am, will【答案】A【解析】试题分析；句意：如果我是你，今天早晨我上学就不会迟到。
与现在事实相反，故从句用过去时态，主语用过去将来时态。
选项B缺少谓语动词。
故选A。
考点：if引导的条件状语从句点评：虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。
只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。
通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
I wish I __w__e_r_e_(be)as tall
as you.
I wish/wished I __h_a_d_n_’_t_e_a_te_n_( not eat ) so much watermelon.
I wish it __w_o_u_l_d_r_a_in__( rain) tomorrow.
He ordered that the students _s_h_o_u_l_d_w__a_s_h_c_l_o_th_e_s___ every week by themselves.(自己洗衣服)
The doctor suggested that _s_h_e_h_a_v_e__a rest
at once.(她立刻休息)
(have) the car accident yesterday.
If Robots _w_e_r_e_t_o_c_o_n_t_ro_l_ (control) the world some day, here _w__ou_l_d_b_e_ (be) no friendship.
If I _w_e_r_e (be) in your position, I _w_o_u_l_d_a_s_k_ (ask) for teacher’s help.
3. If only he _C__ quietly as the doctor
instructed, he would not suffer so much
now.
A. lies
B. layห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
C. had lain D. should lie
(lie 躺，lay, lain)
would rather+ 从 句(虚拟)
The guard at gate insisted that __e_v_e_r_y_o__n_e_s__h_o_u_l_d__o_bey the rules
(每个人都要遵守规定)
注意： 1.如果suggest, insist"暗示、表明"、"坚持认 为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气。
Her pale face suggested that she ___w_a_s_(be) ill.
有时条件从句表通过一个介词来表示或通过上下文或副词表示 如 “but for ”，“without ”及“or ” “otherwise等表示含蓄的虚拟：
But for your help,I would have failed.
Without the money,I would not be alive now.
在虚拟条件句中，若有从句中有 were, should 或had时，可以省略 if, 且把这三个词放在主语之前，变 成倒装句。
If I were a bird, I would fly freely . =Were I a bird, I would fly freely .
1.If he should come tomorrow, I would give it to him.
动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做错综条件句。
If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.
If it had rained last night ，it would be very cold today
含蓄虚拟条件句
had done 对过去虚拟
过去式 /were
对现在/将来 虚拟
I would rather you__p_o_s_t_e_d(post) the letter right away. I would rather you _h_a_d__r_e_tu__r_n(eredturn) the book yesterday.
IF 从句
主句
与过去情况相 反时
had done
would have done
与现在情况相 did
反时
(be 用were)
would do
与将来事实可 1) did 能相反时 2)should+动原 would do
3) were to+动原
If he _h_a_d_d_r_i_v_e_n_ (drive) more carefully, he _w__o_u_l_d_n_o_t_h__a_v_e_h_a_d
Should he come tomorrow, I would give it to him.
2. If he had come yesterday, you would have seen him.
Had he come yesterday, you would have seen him.
错综条件句 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语
Don’t come tomorrow. I’d rather you ___c_a__m__e___(come) next
weekend.
Part 2
四 在某些动词后的宾语从句中需用should+动词 原形的虚拟语气形式。“should”可以省略。 常见的动词有:一个坚持insist; 两个命令order, command ; 三条建议suggest , advise, propose; 四个要求demand, request, require, desire。
She wasn’t feeling very well. Otherwise , she wouldn’t have left the meeting so early.
与过去愿望相反：had done
与现在愿望相反：
I wish
did/were
would/could 与将来愿望相反：/might+动词
1. We felt as if we ___C__ each other for years.
A.knew
B.were knowing
C.had known D.have knowing
2. If only grandmother _B___ this together with
us now. A. will see B.could see C.must see D.should see