高考英语新课标全国1卷：语法填空+短文改错作文-解析

新课标全国1卷：语法填空+短文改错作文综合解析
第二节：(共10小题；每小题 1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或
括号内单词的正确形式。

【新课标Ⅰ】
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland.
, there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across the Arctic,
While they are rare north of 88°
and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as
much of the range has been ___62___(poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about
20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modern methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___(perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some
Inuit people in Nunavut ___65___(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___66___(believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by
___67___(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the
illusion(错觉) that populations are ___68___(high) than they actually are. Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ____70____(be) stable, one is increasing,
and nine lack enough data.
短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident. One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly football fell just in front of me but
almost hit me. I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the p layground. To everyone’s surprising, the ball went into the net. All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. From now on, I started to play my football with classmates after school. I am a good
player now.
知识点总结：
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第二节：书面表达(满分25分)72.假定你是李华，暑假在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要举办中国画
展览。

请写一封信申请做志愿者，内容包括： 1. 写信目的； 2. 个人优势； 3. 能做的事情。

注意： 1. 词数100左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 结束语已为你写好。

知识点总结：
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【语法填空答案】61.that 62. poorly 63. of/for 64. to perform 65. have reported 66. belief 67. noting 68. higher 69. the 70. are
【刘老师解析】本文为说明文。

文章介绍了近年来北极熊的生存状况。

【61题详解】考查同位语从句。

Mr. Liu解析：根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。

【62题详解】考查副词用法。

Mr. Liu解析：根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied，意为“研究很少”。

故填poorly。

【63题详解】考查介词用法。

Mr. Liu解析：此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods 的定语，用of连接，“methods of doing sth.”意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构；或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。

故填of/for。

【64题详解】考查非谓语动词。

Mr. Liu解析：句意：跟踪北极熊数量的现代方法只是从二十世
纪八十年代中期以来才开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的。

主系表结构之后常用
不定式作原因或目的状语。

故此处填to perform。

【65题详解】考查时态。

Mr. Liu解析：根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语in recent years可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填have reported。

【66题详解】考查名词。

Mr. Liu解析：根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处用
名词形式，故填belief。

【67题详解】考查非谓语动词。

Mr. Liu解析：根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词作宾语，故
填noting。

【68题详解】考查形容词比较级。

Mr. Liu解析：根据其后than they actually are可知，此处为形
容词的比较级，故填higher。

【69题详解】考查定冠词。

Mr. Liu解析：此处为特指，意为“在已识别的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。

【70题详解】考查主谓一致。

Mr. Liu解析：根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，要用
复数谓语，时态为一般现在时，故填are。

【短文改错答案】
1.interesting→interested；
2.where→when；
3.football前面加上a；
4.but→and；
5.hardly→hard
6.surprising→surprise；
7.player→players；
8.say→saying；
9.now→then；10.去掉my；
【Mr. Liu解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。

作者讲述了由于一次偶然的经历，喜欢上了踢足球，
逐渐成长为一名优秀球员。

【详解】 1.考查形容词用法。

Mr. Liu解析：句意：多亏一个偶然的事件，我对踢足球产生了兴趣。

interesting意为“使人感兴趣的”，常修饰物；interested意为“感兴趣的”，常修饰人。

主语是I，故将interesting改为interested。

2. 考查定语从句。

Mr. Liu解析：本句是含有定语从句的复合句，先行词是one afternoon，关系副词在定语从句中作时间状语，所以此处应用表示时间的when。

故将where改为when。

3. 考查冠词。

Mr. Liu解析：名词football为可数名词，前边需要有限定词。

这里football第一次
出现，故在football前加a。

4. 考查连词。

Mr. Liu解析：句意：突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。

“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系，不是转折关系。

故将but改为and。

5. 考查副词。

Mr. Liu解析：句意为：我挡住足球，并使劲地将它踢回操场。

“hard（努力地；费
力地）”与“hardly（几乎不；几乎没有）”都为副词，但是词义不同，根据语境，此处要用hard。

故将hardly改为hard。

6. 考查固定搭配。

Mr. Liu解析：“to one’s surprise”
意思为“使某人惊讶的是……”，是固定搭配。

故将surprising改为surprise。

7. 考查名词的数。

Mr. Liu解析：“player（运动员）”为可数名词，所以all（所有的）后需要用player 的复数形式。

故将player改为players。

8. 考查现在分词。

Mr. Liu解析：句意：操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼，说我有足球天赋。

句
中谓语动词为cheered，say在这里作伴随状语，与主语players是主动关系，故将say改为saying。

9. 考查语境。

Mr. Liu解析：句意：从那时开始，我放学后跟同学一起踢足球。

“from now on（从现在开始）”后边句子应该表示从现在开始所发生的动作或存在的情况，不能用一般过去时。

此处
表示“从那时起”，是from then on，故将now改为then。

10. 考查固定搭配。

Mr. Liu解析：“踢足球”的英语表达为“play football”，中间不能加冠词或者代
词。

故将my去掉。

【刘老师写作指导】
申请信类型很多，包括求职信，报考申请信，留学申请信等；写申请信应注意语言言简意赅，语气诚恳礼貌，避免夸张。

申请信一般包括：申请原因、具备条件、恳请申请单位考虑自己的申请，表示谢意，期盼回复。

具体为：
第一段：引入事件，说明写信目的。

第二段：介绍关于自己的一些具体内容。

第三段：提出请求，表示感谢盼复。

【好词好句】
1. 好词集锦：
confident 自信的
suitable 合适的
extremely 非常；极度
pleased 高兴的
grateful 感激的
especially 特别；尤其；格外
opportunity 机会
position 职位
apply for 申请
be good at 擅长
take...into consideration 考虑
2. 说明应聘原因常用语
(1) I learned from sb/the newspaper that your company wanted to...
(2) I was told that...
(3) I have just read in the newspaper that your company needs a...
(4) I am writing to inquire the opportunity for ...
(5) I am writing to you to inquire if there would be any position available for me to work as a...
(6) I am writing to apply for the job.
(7) I have learned from your advertisement that a ...is wanted in your company.
3. 介绍个人优势常用语
(1) Now I would like to introduce myself to you.
(2) My name is Tom aged 16/who is a 16-year-old boy.
(3) I graduated from...in 2012.
(4) I like / am fond of swimming, singing and dancing in my spare time.
(5) I work hard and I can get along /on well with others.
(6) I am good at English and especially my spoken English is fairly good.
(7) I can talk to foreigners in English freely.
(8) I am currently studying ...
4. 表示感谢及请求常用语
(1) Thank you for your consideration of my application.
(2) If you agree with me, I'll work hard and try to be a...
(3) I am looking forward to hearing from you.
(4) If you agree with me, please write to me or phone me. My telephone number is...
(5) I am writing to you in the hope that I may obtain an opportunity to ....
(6) I would like to apply the position that your company offers to me.
(7) Thank you for considering my application and I am looking forward to your early reply.
(8) I would be very grateful if you could consider my application.
【优秀范文】
Dear Sir or Madam,
Being a student from China, I'm writing this letter to apply for the voluntary position in the coming
exhibition of Chinese paintings. And I'm really willing to expect you can consider me into this position.
Given that I can speak both English and fluent Chinese and I am outgoing, sociable and responsible,
I do believe I am competent for this job. In addition, through this, I can not only improve my oral English but also introduce Chinese painting and calligraphy culture to visitors from all over the world. I would also like to seize this opportunity to deepen visitors' understanding of China and its painting and
calligraphy culture. I hope it is possible to be accepted as a volunteer of this exhibition.
Thank you for considering my application and I am looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【官方范文答案】Dear Sir or Madam,
I’m writing to apply to be a volunteer for the Chinese Painting Exhibition which will be held in your art
gallery. I think I am qualified for this job, because I have learned Chinese painting since childhood. Besides, I am fluent in both Chinese and English, which is beneficial for introducing Chinese paintings.
If I am lucky enough to be chosen as a volunteer, I can show visitors around the gallery and g et them to
know more about Chinese painting.
I would be very grateful if you could offer me the opportunity. I’m looking forward to your reply. Yours,
Li Hua
【刘凯老师解析】本篇书面表达要求写一封申请信，属于书信应用文。

【详解】 1.审题立意
本篇书面表达属于应用文。

要求考生写申请信，人称使用第一人称和第二人称，时态用一般现在
时。

2.谋篇布局
书信格式，称呼和落款文中已经给出。

首段，写信的目的，中间段写个人优势和能做的事，最后
一段总结。

3. 关键词和句子
根据写作要点及构思好的提纲我们可以初步确定文章可能使用到的词汇和句子有：volunteer，a。

Chinese Painting Exhibition，advantages，I am good at…，I can help with.../I’ll devote myself to…通过词汇铺垫，我们就很容易地行文了，文章写完之后要检查文中是否存在拼写或语法错误，并
增加一些细节和过渡性的词汇，如First of all，Besides，to begin with，moreover，as for me，Last
but not least等，使全文衔接自然，语义流畅。

【点睛】本文开门见山，表达了写信的目的；之后详细介绍了个人的优势和能做的事情，详略得
当，内容完整，同时使用了高级词汇和高级句子。

高级词汇：be qualified for，be fluent in，be beneficial for等；高级句式：because I have learned Chinese painting since childhood此处使用了原因状语从句。

which is beneficial for introducing Chinese paintings.使用了非限制性定语从句。

If I am lucky enough to be chosen as a volunteer, I can show visitors around the gallery and get them to know more about Chinese painting.使用了条件状语从句。