基础英语3期末复习材料

基础英语3期末复习材料Unit5

Ⅰ.Explain in your own words the following sentences.

1.what a tangled web we weave, when first we practice to deceive. When we start to tell the first lie, we are likely to tell more to cover the first one. One lie will lead to another, then we will get ourselves in a complicated situation.

2."Psychological barriers wear down;the ability to make more distinctions can coarsen; the liar`s perception of his chances of being caught may warp." Psychological barriers become smaller and smaller. We tell lies without hesitation even if the deceit was uncovered. The liar wouldn`t take it seriously.

3.The most understandable and forgivable lies are an exchange of what ethicists refer to as the principle of trust for the principle of caring. According to ethicizes, the most forgivable and acceptable lies are based on principle of caring and love instead of trust.

Ⅱ.Explain the underline part in each sentence in your own words.

1.The lies were most often not what most of us

would call earth-shattering.

very important to the world

2.According to DePaulo, women in their

interactions with other women lied mostly to

spare the other`s feeling.

avoid hurting other`s feeling

3.And then there are professions—lawyers,

pundits,PR consultant—whose members

specialize in shaping or spinning the truth to

suit client`s needs.

modifying the fact

4.Philosopher Sissela Bok warns us that they

can put us on slippery slope.

something that can lead to serious consequence 5.Are all white lies to be avoided at all casts? under any circumstances

Ⅲ.Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of given words.

1.It is generally considered unethical for physicians to advertize.(ethics)

2.The young actor was requested to speak in a feigned voice.(feign)

3.We must be unsparing in our criticism of arms trade.(spare)

4.Her hard experience has not coarsened her or made her cynical.(cynicism)

5.Most shops are shut down during this confoundedly hot spell.(confound)

6.The availability of credit lubricated the channels of trade.(lubricant)

7.The ropes were entangled so Johnny was not able to untie the parcel.(tangle)

8.Willful people cannot tolerate the slightest frustration of their wishes.(will)

Ⅳ.Explain the underlined phrasal verbs in your own words.

1. The outdoor concert was called off due to the

canceled

weather.

2.The expanded vocabulary,as well as the

improved reading speed and accuracy, will be a

overcome

record that can encourage you to get over the

boredom.

3.They knew that any failure to abide by the

follow

terms of the treaty would bring international

condemnation.

4.He was reduced to begging in the streets of

fell into

Manhattan.

5.The plain fact is that they are giving me the

make it more acceptable

sake,however they try to dress it up.

6.The secret is not to brood over your failures,

care about

but ta accept them as inevitable.

7.The option of increasing investment has been

ruled out. given up

8.It is wise to set food and money by in case of

reserve for future use

a future emergency.

Ⅴ.Translate English to Chinese.

1.Most strikingly, these tellers-of-a-thousand-lies reported that their deceptions caused them "little preoccupation or regret."

十分惊人的是，这些无数次说谎的人称，说谎并没有是他们十分纠结或者后悔。

2.Despite these admission, 91percent of all respondents said they were "satisfied with my own ethics and character."

尽管承认说谎，91%的反馈者称“对自己的道德和性格还是感到满意。”

3.Surely, these "nice lies"are harmless and well-intended, a necessary social lubricant.

这些善意的谎言无疑是好意的，也是社会必要的润滑剂。

4.And if you`re not sure, Mark Twain has given us a good rule of thumb. "When in doubt, tell the truth. It will confound your enemies and astound your friends."

如果你没有把握，马克吐温给了我们一条经验法则“拿不准的时候就说实话，这会使迷惑敌人，震惊朋友。”

Ⅵ.Translate Chinese into English.

1、当哈姆雷特拿不定主意该采取什么行动时，他就装疯（feign）

Hamlet feigned madness when he was hesitating about what to do.

2、搪塞推诿是这生意人的惯用伎俩（prevarication）

Prevarication is one of the techniques this businessman likes to employ.

3、真理之光有时太刺目，于是善意的谎言随处可见（ubiquitous）

Sometimes the light of the truth is just too dazzling, so white lies are ubiquitous.

4、美国许多妇女声称他们对自己二等公民的地位感到不满（profess）

Many women in America profess that they are unhappy with their status as second-class citizens. 5、一时冲动之下，他失言抖出了秘密（blurt out）

On the impulse of the moment, he blurted out the secret.

6、你应该摆脱偏见，抵制诱惑，不让任何东西扭曲你的判断（warp）

Y ou should get rid of any prejudice, resist temptations and let nothing warp your judgment.

7、他是一个过于敏感和富于想象的人，经常在头脑里编织一张复杂的网络（a tangled web）Being over-sensitive and imaginative, he often weaves a tangled web in his mind.

8、他在伙伴中很受欢迎，因为他尽量不给别人添麻烦（spare）

He is very popular among his peers as he always tries to spare others any trouble.

Unit8

Ⅰ.Explain in your own words the following sentences.

1.Even an end which it would be noble to

pursue if it were attainable may be pursued unwisely if it is inherently impossible of achievement. It would be unwise to pursue an impossible goal even if it is magnificent/great.

2.I think the essence of wisdom is emancipation, as far as possible, from the tyranny of the here and now.I think the essence of wisdom is to get one's horizon free from the confinement of time and space.

Ⅱ.Explain the underline part in each sentence in your own words.

1.Of these I should put first a sense of

proportion: the capacity to take account of all the important factors and to attach to each its due weight. take into consideration;

attach adequate importance to each fact

2.No doubt, if they could have found them, they would have conferred great benefits upon mankind, but as it was their lives were wasted. Surely;

brought a good and helpful effect to mankind; actually

3.To descend to less heroic matters, consider the case of two men, Mr.A and Mr.B, who hate each other and, through mutual hatred, bring each other to destruction. talk about something less worthy or less important;

destroy or ruin each other

4.Sight and sound and touch are bound up with

our own bodies and cannot be impersonal.

connect with 5.Gradually with the years, his horizon widens,

and, in proportion as his thoughts and feelings

become less personal and less concerned with

his own physical states, he achieves growing

wisdom.

accordingly

Ⅲ.Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of given words.

1.The main beneficiaries of the Hope Project are poverty-stricken children living in remote areas,(benefit)

2.Traditional herbal medicine is said to have less undesirable said effects.(desire)

3.The cold wind drove the snow almost horizontally at the soldiers marching in the wilderness.(horizon)

4.American Indians are now proud to be the descendants of North America`s first inhabitants.(descend)

5.The southern regions have increasingly relied on foreign investment(increase)

6.This philosophical essay is beyond my daughter`s capacity.(philosophy)

7.Calm down! Let`s not be unduly worried.(due)

8.In test theory, standardization refers to measurements or assessments conducted under exact specified, and repeatable condition.(standard)

Ⅳ.Explain the underlined phrasal verbs in your own words.

1.Paul`s picked up a throat infection that proves

suffered from

very difficult to get rid of.

2.He would not stand by and watch her

look on unconcerned impulsively throw her life away.

3.The committee was set up primarily to

investigate

inquire into standards of public life,

4.The nurse will attend to your wounds as soon

treat

as she`s free.

5.We decided to abandon fishing and head for

go

home before I froze to death.

6.I must have blacked out; the next thing I

remembered was two men pulling me from the

lost consciousness

car.

7.The service provided by this canteen is far

bear

from being satisfactory, but we shall just have

to put up with it.

8.The community committee offered the

residents a lecture on how to dispose of the

deal with

household garbage and the recyclable

resources.

Ⅴ.Translate English to Chinese.

1.Most people would agree that, although our age far surpasses all previous ages in knowledge, there has been no correlative in wisdom.

大多数人或许都会同意,虽然我们所处的时代在知识积累方面远远超过以往任何时代,但在智慧方面却没有相应的增长.

2.This has the entirely unintended result of making the food supply inadequate and lowering the standard of life in the most populous parts of the world.

它产生了完全出人意料的后果,即在世界上人口最为稠密的地区,食品供应短缺,生活水平下

降.

3.It is by no means uncommon to find men whose knowledge is wide but whose feeling are narrow.

有些人知识渊博而情感狭隘,这绝不少见.

4.No one can view the world with complete impartiality; and if anyone could, he would hardly be able to remain alive.

没有人能够毫无偏见地看待世界,若有的话,他将难以活下去.

Ⅵ.Translate Chinese into English.

1.实验结果远远超出了他们的预料（surpass）

The result of the experiment far surpassed their expectations.

2.我们应该充分考虑这个项目的费用和可能遇到的问题（take account of）

We should take full account of the cost of the project and the difficulties we may meet.

3.好天气是这次远征科学考察成功的原因之一（contribute to）

The fine weather contributed to the success of the scientific expedition.

4.巴西球员球星罗纳尔多（Ronaldo）在2002年世界杯足球赛中射进好几个精彩的球（spectacular）

Ronaldo, one of the football stars from Brail, scored several spectacular goals in the 2002 World Cup.

5.罗伯特?弗罗斯特（Robert Frost）由于对诗歌的杰出贡献被美国许多大学授予名誉学位（confer…upon）

Many honorary degrees from different colleges and universities in America were conferred upon Robert Frost for his great contributions to poetry.

6.摆脱坏习惯需要耐心和毅力（emancipation from…）

Patience and perseverance are required in emancipation from bad habits.

7.他们努力将这些新观念灌输到学生的头脑中去（instill）

They tried to instill such new ideas into students’ minds.

8.你对员工进行评估时应该做到公正（impartiality）

Y ou should show impartiality in your assessment of the employees.

Unit11

Ⅰ.Explain in your own words the following sentences.

1.Children enter school as question marks and leave as periods. When they start school, children are curious about everything around them. But after several years school education, they end up giving up the ability of creating and investigation.

2.Being "advanced" has its own pitfalls—among then complacency and pushing or forcing. Learners at a high level may meet mistakes during the process of learning. They may become self-satisfied with themselves or may put too much pressure in order to achieve more.

Ⅱ.Explain the underline part in each sentence in your own words.

1.It is not knowing in the sense of having a

rigid opinion, but the ability to look again at another time, in a different light, as Szent-Gyorgyi suggests, and from a new understanding based on that observation. consider again at another time from a different perspective.

2.With this attitude we may find ourselves

treating even the most mundane discovery with

wide-eyed wonder and joy

with great surprise and pleasure

3.Successful students do not expect to be

spoon-fed, but take their own initiative.

be provided with ready answers and ideas.

4.When we try different approaches and do

things that have no precedence in our

experience,we will surely make mistakes.

do things that is unprecedented

5.Drop your prior knowledge…[and] attempt to

grasp the new framework in its own context. Don`t let the knowledge you have acquired be a

hindrance to your learning of something new. Ⅲ.Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of given words.

1.He failed to give substantial reasons for his being absent from the meeting.(substance)

2.Driven by very strong motivation, he nas been working hard at English.(motivate）

3.He has been fully committed to the teaching and research of classical music.(commitment)

4.The club places rigid restrictions on its membership.(restrictive)

5.There is a subtle difference between "egoism" and "individualism".(subtlety)

6.A cuckoo bird`s voice is so thrilling in winter, as it announces the advent of springtime.(thill)

7.He dislikes his wife talking about her success complacently.(complacency)

8.The early 1990`s witnessed a(n) unprecedented tide of rural workers flooding into big cities in China.(precedence)

Ⅳ.Explain the underlined phrasal verbs in your own words.

1.Now that I`ve finally handed in my thesis, I

plan to take it easy for a while.

presented

2.I would also need to see to the matter of

costumes.

solve

3.The men were so absorbed in their games that

they didn`t see us slip away.

attentive to

4.The pome was dedicated to his mother. written in honor of

5.She had to face up to the fact that she was too

old to play the romantic lead.

accept

6.We must be careful not to get bogged down in

thrilling details.

involved

7.The lovers were caught up in the mood of the

addicted

evening.

8.After discussing the budge deficit, they

began to think about

entered on the problem of raising taxes.

Ⅴ.Translate English to Chinese.

1.We may even have expectations that they be endless repositories of skill and knowledge from which we may partake at will.

我们甚至可能期望他们是技能与知识的宝库,取之不尽,我们可以随意享用。

2.The fruit of these seemingly dry qualities (which we prefer admire in others) is the satisfaction

of having tasted the fullness of completion, or the thrill of meeting a difficult challenge with success.

这些看似枯燥的品质(我们常常羡慕别人拥有它们),给我们带来的是圆满完成某事后的满足

感,或者接受一个挑战并且胜出后所感到的兴奋。

3.Beyond the well-paved roads and secure structures we usually build for ourselves lie demons, unsure footing—and unfelt pleasures.

在铺好的坦途和我们通常会为自己造好的坚固建筑之外,有潜伏的让我们担心的事，不确定

的事----以及我们从未感受过的快乐。

4.To go deeper may mean to be still, to progress more patiently, or to devote more time to other areas of our lives as yet green and immature.

继续深入可能意味着停滞不前，意味着更加耐心地向前走，或者意味着往我们人生中其他尚

不成熟的领域投入更多的时间。

Ⅵ.Translate Chinese into English.

1、他的父母对他有很高的期望，他感到压力很大（feel weighted）

He felt heavily weighted with such high expectations from his parents.

2、他用积极的观点来解释这件事（in…light）

He interpreted the incident in a favorable light.

3、我很讨厌他，因为他特别喜欢诽谤他人（go out of one's way）

I detest him, for he often goes out of his light way to backbite others.

4、许多宗教的教义敦促人们超越尘世的成功（mundane）

Many religious teachings urge people to transcend mundane success.

5、个人的主动性是促进事业发展的要素之一（initiative）

Personal initiative is one of the essential elements in promoting your career.

6、我认为填鸭式教育不是好的教学方法（spoon-feed）

I don't think it is a good method of teaching to spoon-feed students.

7、我将全力以赴在下个月之前完成这项任务，因为我不想有不遵守诺言的污名（stigma）

I will spare no efforts to accomplish the task by the end of next month, for I don't want to suffer from the stigma of having broken my promise.

8、我得到了许多与教育新政策相关的信息（pertinent）

I've got much information pertinent to the new policy in education.

Unit 14

Ⅰ.Explain in your own words the following sentences.

1.She said I was wasting my time talking to her; she was just passing through for more than two weeks. she told me that I was mistaken. I was wasting my time talking to her. She was not homeless who stayed at the bus station, although she had been there for more than two weeks.

2.I love my home with a ferocity totally out of proportion to its appearance or location. Although my home is not so decent and it is not located in an advantageous place, I still have strong and deep love for it.

3.But some seen to want something that is not available in shelters, and they will not compromise, not for a cot, or oatmeal, or a shower with special soap that kills the bugs. What some people want is absent in shelter, so they won`t give up their demands just for facilities offered there.

Ⅱ.Explain the underline part in each sentence in your own words.

1.She was somebody. person with an identity

2.I`m not simply talk about shelter from the

elements, or three square meals a day or a mailing address to which the welfare people can send the check—although I know that all these are important for survival. bad weather ;

three nourishing meals

3.I love my home with a ferocity totally out of

proportion to its appearance or location. totally not because of

4.But in the main I think we work around it,

just as we walk around it when it is lying on the

sidewalk or sitting in the bus terminal—the

problem, that is.

generally,on the whole

5.Sometimes I think we would be better off if

we forgot about the broad strokes and

concentrated on the details.

the general notion

Ⅲ.Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of given words.

1.This American author has chosen to live in relative anonymity on a Pacific island.(anonymous)

2.The stillness of the night was broken by the ferocious barking of a dog.(ferocity)

3.New infectious diseases, such as AIDS and herpes, have unpredictably appeared.(predictability)

4.I don`t think we can afford the cost of repairing the leaky roof.(leak)

5.A spoonful of sugar helps the medicine go down.(spoon)

6.It was damned unfair that the villagers should suffer so much.(damn)

7.He was conviction of corruption, and will be disqualified from office for seven years.(qualify)

8.This train will terminate at the next stop—passengers who wish to continue should change trains.(terminal)

Ⅳ.Explain the underlined phrasal verbs in your own words.

1.They`re the kind of parents who harp on the

keep saying

terrible expenses of everything.

2.I trust him to do the right thing and will be

quite happy to fall in with anything he might

accept

suggest.

3.They were the sort of people who twenty-five

respected

years ago would have been deferred to because

they were gents.

4.The harsh realities of the bad old days were

mentioned

never alluded to.

5.However cool and contained you think you`re

disclose

being, there is a host of little telltale gestures

and expressions that give you away.

6.Increasingly, smoking is frowned on in public

disapproved

buildings.

7.Scientists have reason to think that a man can

bear

put up with far more radiation than 0.1 rem

without being damaged.

8.The newly industrialized nations are gearing

getting themselves ready themselves up for entry into international

markets.

Ⅴ.Translate English to Chinese.

1.I`m not simply talk about shelter from the elements, or three square meals a day or a mailing address to which the welfare people can send the check—although I know that all these are important for survival.

说到家,我认为不仅仅是一片遮风挡雨的屋檐,或者可以一日饱食三餐,也不是一个可以收到福利救济支票的邮政地址-----尽管我知道这一切对于生存是很重要的.

2.There was a time when where you lived often was where you worked and where you grew the food you ate and even where you were buried.

曾经,我们生活的地方常常就是我们工作的地方,是我们农耕的地方,甚至还是我们埋葬的地方.

3.People find it curious that those without homes would rather sleep sitting up on benches or huddled in doorways than go to shelters.

人们感到困惑不解的是,那些没有家的人情愿在长凳上熬夜或者蜷缩在门道里,也不愿住进收容所.

4.But some seem to want something that is not available in shelters, and they will not compromise, not for a cot, or oatmeal, or a shower with special soap that kills the bugs.

但是,有些人似乎想要一些收容所无法提供的东西,他们不愿妥协,不愿意为了一张小床,一碗燕麦粥,或者用特殊的杀菌肥皂来冲个澡而进收容所.

Ⅵ.Translate Chinese into English.

1.她翻了五个抽屉之后才找到结婚戒指。(rummage)

She had rummaged five drawers before she found her wedding ring.

2.我怎么觉得他正逐渐偏离他原来颇为激进的立场。(edge away)

Somehow I feel he is edging away from his former position, a rather radical one.

3.他们新成立的公司运作部很顺利，问题的关键在于缺乏资金和业内知识。(crux)

Their newly established company is not running smoothly; the crux of the matter lies in lack of funds and expert knowledge.

4.十多年来，每当遇到新的情况，我习惯三思而后行。(customary)

Over a decade, it has been customary for me to think before I leap whenever I come across something new.

5.他感到纳闷：问什么捐赠者一直隐姓埋名。(anonymous)

He wondered why the donor remained anonymous.

6.盎格鲁—撒克逊民族的伟大史诗《贝奥武普》讲述的是远古时期人们战天斗地的英雄业绩。(the Anglo-Saxon, Beowulf, the elements)

Beowulf, the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons, describes how the primitive people waged heroic struggles against the hostile forces of the elements.

7.他自以为会成为第二个比尔?盖茨，在我看来这只是个幻想而已。(fantasy)

He thinks he will be a second Bill Gates, which, to me, is nothing but a mere fantasy.

8.他什么事都做得很好，因为他十分重视细节，不粗枝大叶。(the broad strokes)

He does everything well, as he pays sufficient attention to details instead of just relying on broad stokes.