宾语补足语用法

宾语补足语用法

I. 使役动词后宾语补足语的用法

中学教学中最常见的使役动词有：make, have, let, 他们都表示“使得……”，另外leave, get, 也表示“使得……”，后面都可接宾语+宾语补足语的结构，但用法上有所不同。

一、make用作使役动词表示“使；使成为” 时，可跟复合结构，即“make+宾语+宾语补足语”，其中的宾语补足语可以是形容词或名词、不带to的不定式、过去分词。

make sb. +adj./n. 使…怎么样/成为

make/let sb do sth 使得某人做某事

make/let sb doing sth 使得某人一直做某事

make/let sth done 使得某事被做

1.我们推选他作我们足球队队长。We made him captain of our football team.

2.我们队赢了的消息使我们大家非常高兴。The news that our team had won made us very happy.

3.大雨使得我们无法出去。The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out.

4. 奇怪的声音使我们感到恐惧。The strange noise made us frightened.

5.在交通嘈杂声中他无法使自己的声音提高到让别人听到。He couldn’t make himself heard above the noise of the traffic.

5. 什么东西使得草生长？What makes the grass grow?

但是被动语态中需要加上to

这个男孩被迫每天干十二个小时的活。The boy was made to work twelve hours a day.

二、have 表示“使得……”,其后接宾语补足语, 常用以下句型：

have sb do sth 使得某人做某事

have sb doing sth使得某人一直做某事（1. 表示正在发生 2. 表示某一时间内一直延续不断的动作）

have sth done使得某事被做

注意：不带to 的不定式做宾语不足语的情况

一感：feel二听：hear, listen to

三让：let, have, make 四观看：observe, see, watch, look at

三、get sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事（to不能省略）

We can’t get students to do too much homework.

四、leave/keep作使役动词,表示“使/ 让……保持某种状态”。

1. 用形容词作宾语补足语, “使/ 让……保持某种状态”

出去时,不要关门。Leave the door open when you go out

他的疾病使得他身体很虚弱。His illness left him very weak.

2. 还可用名词、介词短语等作宾语补足语“使/ 让……成为/怎么样”

他父母去年双双去世,留下他成为一个孤儿。

His parents both died last year, leaving him an orphan.

3. 用现在分词作宾语补足语leave /keep sb. doing “使/ 让……一直做某事

他们走开了,让我一个人坐在那儿。hey walked off and left me sitting there alone.

他出去时,把他的文件摊在桌子上。He went out, leaving his papers lying open on the desk.

4用过去分词作宾语补足语“使/ 让……被...

Did you leave the doors and windows properly fastened ?

He left a few questions unanswered.

Ⅱ. 感官动词后宾语补足语的用法

表示感觉和心理状态的动词，如hear，feel, listen to, look at, watch, notice, observe, smell，

see等词后可以用省去to的动词不定式,现在分词,及过去分词作宾语补足语。常见的句型有：（以hear为例）

hear sb do sth 听见某人做某事（强调全过程或经常性的动作）

hear sb doing sth听见某人正在做某事

hear sb/sth done 听见某人/ 物被be heard to do 被听见做...

1. I’ve never heard the song sung.

2.Do you smell something burning?

3. Tom saw his parents get into the car and drive off

4. He was seen to drive the car at high speed on the highway yesterday

Ⅲ．with + 宾语+ 宾语补足语

1.with＋宾语＋形容词/副词/介词短语

1)他过去常常开着窗子睡觉。He used to sleep with the window open.

2) 他们离开了房间，灯还亮着。They left the room with the lights still on.

3) 他双手放在袋子里走了进来。He stepped in, with his hands in his pockets.

4) 脖子上没带项链的那位女士是玛丽的朋友。

The woman, without a necklace around her neck, was a friend of Mary’s.

2．with+宾语+ doing/done/to do

1) The day was bright with a fresh breeze blowing. ( ing表示主动／正在进行）(breeze微风)

2) With the matter settled,we went home. （ed表示被动/状态）

3) With Tom to help me, I can finish the work in time. (to do表示即将发生)

Ⅳ.带不定式做宾语不足语

1）．可以用带to的不定式作宾补的动词常用的有ask，tell，order，invite，beg，get，allow，wish，want，encourage，advise，warn等。例如：

The teacher asked us to finish our homework．老师叫我们完成家庭作业。

She wanted him to sing for her friends．她想让他为她的朋友唱歌。

The policeman told the boys not to play in the street．警察告诉孩子们别在街上玩耍。2）．在动词think，believe，know，find，等之后，作宾补的不定式多由“to be ＋adj．”构成。例如：

They find the Chinese people to be happy and cheerful．他们发现中国人都很幸福快乐。

He believed the earth to be a globe．他相信大地是个球体。

3）．在某些短语后也可跟带to的不定式作宾补。这类动词短语常见的有：wait for，call on，depend on，care for，long for等。例如：

The crocodile waited for the monkey to come down again．鳄鱼等着猴子再下来。

The chairman called on Mr Brown to speak．主席请布朗先生讲话。

I shouldn't care for that man to be my doctor．我不要那人给我看病。

Ⅴ.find +宾语+宾补（形容词、名词、介词短语、动词ing形式）

（1）find +宾语+宾补（形容词）发现某事、人如何

EG:They found the enemy soldier dead. EG.I found the door open when we got back.

（2）find+宾语+宾补（名词）发现某事、人是…

EG:In the end, we found him a thief.

（3）find+宾语+宾补（to be）发现某事、人怎么样（to be 可以省略）

Eg:We found him (to be) honest EG:I found this (to be) true in most cities.

（4）find+宾语+宾补(-ing) 发现某事、人正在做什么

EG: We found him doing his homework when we went in.

（5）find+宾语+宾补(-ed) 发现某事、人被….

EG:We got there half an hour later and foun d the work done.