论《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》项下国际惯例的效力 (国际贸易专业)

论《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》项下国际惯例的效力

【摘要】国际惯例是贸易当事人在贸易活动中的习惯做法，是在实践中经过长期发展而形成的，已为国际商业社会所接受，并且在贸易活动中得到广泛的应用。其内容明确并用于规范国际贸易活动中平等主体之间的权利义务关系。国际惯例将贸易发展需要作为其中心，在跨国经济交流之中发挥着日益独特以及重要的作用。成为了某些国际商业问题的行为准则，与此同时，在司法与仲裁领域也逐渐凸显出了它的重要性。明确国际惯例的适用范围以及效力，有利于企业在贸易蓬勃发展的时代下，更好地规避法律冲突以及解决国际贸易争端，从而保障自身的利益。

文章首先从国际惯例的基本理论入手，理清国际惯例的概念、主体和表现形式，再详细分析国际惯例的适用方式以及效力，深入探讨在《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》项下国际惯例的效力，并结合实例分析国际惯例在解决国际贸易争端以及促进国际贸易中所起的作用，同时明确国际惯例在我国的适用情况。最后指出国际惯例在实践中应当注意的问题，并对相关法律法规制度提出改善的的建议。

【关键词】联合国国际货物销售合同公约；国际惯例；效力

On the effect of international usages under the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the international sale

of goods

[Abstract]International usages are gradually formed and developed in the long-term international economic and trade practice. They are generally accepted and widely applied by the international commercial community. Their contents are clear and used to regulate the rights and obligations between equal subjects in international trade activities. International trade usages centered on the needs of trade development play an increasingly unique and important role in cross-border economic exchanges. They provide norms of conduct for specific international commercial subjects and play an increasingly prominent role in the field of justice and arbitration. To clarify the scope of application and effectiveness of international usages is conducive to enterprises in the era of booming trade, to better avoid legal conflicts and solve international trade disputes, so as to protect their own interests.

This essay starts with the basic theory of international usages, clarifies the concept, subject and form of expression of international usages, then analyzes the applicable mode and effect of international usages in detail, probes into the effect of international usages under the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the international sale of goods, and analyzes the effect of International usages in solving international trade disputes and promoting international trade with examples. At the same time, we should make clear the application of international usages in China. Finally, it points out the problems that should be paid attention to in the practice of international usages, and puts forward suggestions to improve the relevant laws and regulations.

[Keywords]international usages；effectiveness；CISG

目录

1 前言 (4)

1.1 研究背景与研究意义 (4)

1.2 国内外研究现状 (4)

1.2.1 国外现有的理论体系 (4)

1.2.2 我国国内研究现状 (5)

2 国际惯例的基本理论 (7)

2.1 国际惯例的概念 (7)

2.1.1 国际惯例的基本认识 (7)

2.1.2 习惯做法、国际惯例、国际习惯的简单区分 (7)

2.2 国际惯例的主体 (8)

3 CISG项下对于国际惯例的规定 (9)

3.1 CISG第九条的规定 (9)

3.2 国际惯例的适用方式及效力来源 (9)

3.2.1 依当事人的选择而直接适用 (10)

3.2.2 依国内法而间接适用 (11)

4 CISG项下国际惯例的规定对我国的启示 (13)

4.1 国际惯例在我国的适用 (13)

4.1.1 《民法通则》的相关规定 (13)

4.1.2 CISG项下国际惯例在我国的适用 (13)

4.2 对我国完善相关立法时的启示 (14)

4.2.1 我国现有民事立法与公约内容存在的问题 (14)

4.2.2 对我国法律的完善建议 (15)

4.3 对贸易当事人的启示 (15)

4.3.1 当事人应当了解国际惯例的相关知识 (15)

4.3.2 选择适用国际惯例时的考虑要素 (16)

5 结论 (17)